Electronic homemade products, today, are an affordable way to manufacture useful mechanisms that can make life easier and diversify leisure time. Modern craftsmen are able to assemble with their own hands both simple toys and complex, multi-tasking mechanisms. Read below to learn how to quickly and easily make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic crafts for your home and car!

Simple DIY electronics: making a spinner

Electrical engineering today is widely used for both practical and entertainment purposes. Some inventions (such as the smart home system) will be quite difficult for a beginner to make. They require experience and advanced knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and accessible to beginner radio amateurs. For example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners, the sales of which have increased incredibly this year.

To assemble the toy you will need to stock up on:

• Wooden blank measuring 9x4x1.2 cm;
• Bearing size 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with rubber seal);
• Two RGB LEDs;
• Two CR2032 batteries and holders;
• Stainless steel bolt 0.8x2 cm;
• M8 cap nuts.

After this you can start working. First of all, you will need to find a design diagram on the Internet and transfer it to a raw block - a workpiece. To correctly mark the technological holes (there will be three of them), you will need a ruler.

Then follows:

1. In the middle of the workpiece, drill a through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm for the bearing;
2. Drill two holes on the sides of the workpiece with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
3. Using a drill, make two holes with a diameter of 6 mm for LEDs in the middle of two blind holes;
4. Countersink the holes;
5. Give the toy a rounded shape using a jigsaw, band saw or jigsaw;
6. Sand the workpiece with sandpaper and coat it with varnish;
7. Solder the LEDs to the battery holders;
8. Check the LEDs and install them in the mounting holes, fixing them with super glue;
9. Clean the bearing and treat its insides with WD 40;
10. Cut off the bolt head and secure the axle in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
11. Install the bearing into the mounting hole.

The spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults can also use this electronic device: the device, rotating, will help you relax or get distracted.

Simple electronic homemade circuits: making an electric call

You can make an electric call quite simply and quickly with your own hands.

Such a call will last a long time and will please the ear. After all, when pressed, it will be able to create signals of different frequencies and tones.

Thus, an electric call can be single-tone or multi-tone.

The ability of the bell to reproduce sound in one or more tones will be influenced by the presence of a multivibrator with two bipolar transistors in the radio design circuit. Let us consider in detail the circuit of an electronic call with a complex sound signal.

So, a homemade electronic circuit will consist of the following radio components:

• Step-down transformer series TA;
• Call button;
• Five alloy silicon diodes;
• Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads
• Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfarads;
• Two trimming resistors with a resistance of 470 kilo-ohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 10 kiloohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 33 kilo-ohms;
• MLT resistor 1 kilo-ohm;
• MLT resistor 470 kilo-ohms;
• Three silicon-plenary transistors type 630D
• Silicon planar transistor type 630G.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will open the third transistor of type 630D, allowing current to pass to the fourth transistor of type 630G. This will create the primary signal. When the second transistor of type 630D opens, the third and fourth transistors will be locked, creating a signal of a different tone.

DIY crafts for the car

Automotive electronics are in great demand today. At the same time, homemade automation often has simple circuits, easy execution and installation. What kind of electrical homemade products can you make for your car yourself?

So, you can do the following for your car with your own hands:

• Dynamic turn signals using the KIT DIY constructor;
• Universal charger from old electronics;
• Water pump based air conditioning;
• Heated wipers and much more.

The easiest way would be to design a backlight for the seat belt buckles. To do this, you will need to dismantle and disassemble the locks using a flat-head screwdriver. After that, using hot-melt adhesive, you need to secure the LEDs in the locks.

Each LED can be turned on through its own current-limiting resistor: this will extend the life of the semiconductor light-emitting device.

After this, you should assemble the locks, and run the wires powering the LEDs under the seats to the ignition or the parking button through the cigarette lighter. At the owner's request, the car's interior lighting can be supplemented with lamps that indicate that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemade products: do-it-yourself binary clocks

You can make cool binary clocks for your home with your own hands. To do this you need an Arduino platform. The electrical circuits on this platform are simple and convenient; they are used for the manufacture of most electronic homemade products.

Additionally, to make a binary clock you will need:

• Real time clock module on DS1302 chip;
• Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 Ohms (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms (2 pieces);
• Two tact buttons;
• Frame.

The watch case must consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, or metal. It depends on what style your watch will be. Before making the housing, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

In this case, each LED must be connected through its own current-limiting resistor.

After this, the leads from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to be connected to the real time clock module. After this, the contacts from Arduino and the module must be routed to the clock buttons to set the time through resistors with a nominal value of 10 kilo-ohms. They will serve as load bearings. Finally, you should connect the power cable to the circuit.

Useful DIY crafts: how to make household scales

Today, almost every home has a floor or kitchen scale. In order to make this useful measuring device yourself, you need to understand its structure and operating principle.

Thus, the external components of the scales include:

• Weight processor;
• Frame;
• Display screen;
• Platform;
• Legs.

The principle of operation of the scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge load cell inside the device. The strain gauge, in turn, influences the strain gauge, changing its resistance. The latter transmits the signal to an analog-to-digital converter. After this, the ADC converts the signal to digital and feeds it to the microcontroller, which draws conclusions about the mass of the load on the platform and displays the values ​​on the screen.

When assembling the circuit, you need to pay attention to the type of strain gauge.

So, for a central location under the platform of floor, commercial and technical scales, it is better to choose a single-point sensor. For bending installation, a block sensor is used. In this case, you need to ensure that the strain gauge has a reliable connection to the ADC. A weight processor will help solve the problem of connecting devices.

DIY radio circuits for the home: making an electronic lock

Electrics can also serve to protect your home. So, today, DIY sites offer simple radio circuits for electronic locks for the front door. It is impossible to open such a lock using a physical key.

The simplest electrical circuit for making a lock is usually based on a four-digit Johnson meter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The simplest one is using the 4017 microcircuit. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when you enter the correct four-digit code, a logical unit is activated at the input of the microcircuit, which opens the lock.

Let's take a closer look at the operation of the device:

• When the wrong keys are pressed, the circuit restarts without triggering the mechanism through the RESET input.
• The correct signal, when a key is pressed, must be sent to field-effect transistor VT1, which, after opening, supplies voltage to the output corresponding to the key;
• After the correct code has been completely entered, from the output corresponding to the last correct key, the signal is sent to the transistor VT2 connected to the relay;
• The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
• The relay opens an actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open such a lock, you will need to go through about ten thousand different codes. At the same time, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, code 3355 will not be possible; all digital values ​​must be different.

Most of the electronic homemade products that modern craftsmen make are designed to perform ordinary household tasks faster and better than authentic devices. For example, an electric spinning wheel will significantly speed up the process of creating yarn. You can quickly make an electric spinning wheel by placing an electric motor on an authentic device.

At the same time, the motor for an electric spinning wheel must have a power of at least 15 W.

As a motor, you can use a motor from a fan, auto cleaner, or player. The pedal must be used to operate the engine. It will be possible to change the movements of the motor by including a TP-type toggle switch in the circuit, which provides connection of a capacitor and resistance to different windings.

An electric fly swatter will be useful and easy to assemble and operate.

In order to implement such a mechanism, you will need to assemble a standard blocking generator. At the same time, you will need to remember to insulate the handle of the fly swatter.

Where to find amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Modern sites for radio amateurs offer to make not only useful, but also unusual homemade radios. So, for example, on the Mozgochina website you can find interesting electronic circuits for making refrigerator reminders, thermometers that change color depending on the temperature, etc.

Electrical gadgets for everyday life and crafts made from scrap materials for fishing from the site “Visiting Samodelkin” will be interesting and useful.

You can read about how to design, debug and manufacture electronic mechanisms at home in the book “Entertaining Radio Electronics”. New items among homemade radios are often posted on the “Amateur Radio Workshop” website. New issues of the magazine “Radio Amateurs” contain interesting and useful technical materials.

DIY crafts at home (video)

Amateur radio clubs today are popular among both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radio circuits presented on various websites allow you to assemble almost any electrical appliance at home. The main thing is to find the necessary diagrams, strictly follow the instructions, and adhere to safety precautions when working with electricity. And you can collect whatever you want!

Those who do radio electronics at home are usually very inquisitive. Amateur radio circuits and homemade products will help you find a new direction in your creativity. Perhaps someone will find an original solution to this or that problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in different ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the simplest homemade products. More suitable for those who are just starting to craft. If you have an old but working cell phone with a button to turn on the player, you can use it, for example, to make a doorbell for your room. The advantages of such a call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are secured with screws or staples, which are carefully folded back. When disassembling, you will need to remember what goes with what, so that later you can put everything back together.

The player's power button is unsoldered on the board, and two short wires are soldered in its place. These wires are then glued to the board so the solder doesn't come off. The phone is going. All that remains is to connect the phone to the call button via a two-wire wire.

Homemade products for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when homemade devices are simply necessary. For example, something broke, they gave it to a friend, and the like. That’s when the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can tamper with without fear of damaging your car is the battery. If you don’t have a battery charger at hand at the right time, you can quickly assemble it yourself. To do this you will need:

A transformer from a tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are interested in homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances in the hope that they will be needed someday. Unfortunately, two types of transformers were used: with one and with two coils. To charge a battery at 6 volts, any will do, but for 12 volts only two.

The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding terminals, the voltage for each winding and the operating current. To power the filaments of electronic lamps, a voltage of 6.3 V with a high current is used. The transformer can be remade by removing the extra secondary windings, or you can leave everything as is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is rated at 127 V, so combining them produces 220 V. The secondary are connected in series to produce an output of 12.6 V.

Diodes must withstand a current of at least 10 A. Each diode requires a radiator with an area of ​​at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected into a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and a 10 A fuse in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate short circuits, so the polarity should not be confused when connecting the battery.

Simple heaters

During the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where there is electrical current, this problem can be solved using a heat gun. To make it you will need:

• asbestos pipe;
• nichrome wire;
• fan;
• switch.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe is selected according to the size of the fan that will be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. The length of the pipe is everyone's preference. You can assemble a heating element and a fan in it, or just a heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to allow air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all components in a sealed housing.

Nichrome wire is also selected according to the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. For fastening, bolts are used that are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are selected experimentally. It is advisable that the coil does not become red hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine what voltage needs to be supplied to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the network via a cord with a plug, but it itself must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic machine. The second option is more preferable; it allows you to protect the general network. To do this, the triggering current of the machine must be less than the triggering current of the room circuit breaker. A switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of problems, for example, if the fan does not work. This heater has its disadvantages:

• harmful to the body from asbestos pipes;
• noise from a running fan;
• smell from dust falling on the heated coil;
• fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by using another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. To prevent the spiral from closing on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to assemble another electronic device - a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring those who do them not only satisfaction, but also benefits. With their help, you can save energy, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. A time relay can be used for this purpose.

The simplest way to create a time-setting element is to use the charging or discharging time of a capacitor through a resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The circuit will require the following parts:

• high-capacity electrolytic capacitor;
• pnp type transistor;
• electromagnetic relay;
• diode;
• variable resistor;
• fixed resistors;
• DC source.

First you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can operate freely without sticking. Based on the selected relay, a transistor is selected and it is determined what current and voltage it can operate with. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which, in turn, is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor to the power supply negative. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive bus of the power source through a variable resistor with high resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode, which turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor, and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay operates, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power source. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain voltage value, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay switches off the load. In order for the circuit to work again, you need to discharge the capacitor; to do this, switch the switch.

One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be done at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of everyday life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

Homemade products in the kitchen

Kitchen electronics crafts can be a complement to existing accessories and fixtures. Industrial and homemade electric kebab makers are very popular among apartment residents.

Another common example of kitchen homemade products made by a home electrician is timers and automatic switching on of lights above work surfaces, and electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changing the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, may cause “misunderstanding and rejection” by regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Homemade devices for cars are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of vehicles, which are distinguished by a minimal number of additional functions. The following schemes are in wide demand:

• Sound indicators for turns and handbrake;
• Battery and generator operating mode indicator.

More experienced radio amateurs are equipping their cars with parking sensors, electronic window drives, and automatic light sensors to control low beam headlights.

Homemade crafts for beginners

Most novice radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical “growing up” from a beginner radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced hobbyists, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain a printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such sets allow you to practice the following skills:

• Reading schematic and wiring diagrams;
• Correct soldering;
• Setup and adjustment using a ready-made method.

Among the sets, electronic watches of various designs and degrees of complexity are very common.

As an area of ​​application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or modifying industrial designs to suit their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn-out computer parts.

Home workshop

To independently design radio-electronic devices, you need a certain minimum of tools, devices and measuring instruments:

• Soldering iron;
• Side cutters;
• Tweezers;
• Screwdriver Set;
• Pliers;
• Multifunctional tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics yourself, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs began their journey by using a simple 220V 25-40W soldering iron, and the most popular Soviet tester, the Ts-20, was used in the home laboratory. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

There is no point in buying an expensive soldering station for a novice radio amateur if he does not have the necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those who already understand electronics, an oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive digital devices made in China can be successfully used as an avometer. Having rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

When talking about a DIY home workshop, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. This is solder and flux. The most common solder is POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most solders used for soldering all kinds of devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after operation, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and the thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, active fluxes should never be used. This is especially true for soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

To service heavily oxidized terminals, it is better to use active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder that contains flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

For mounting elements, breadboards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited.

Security measures

Working with electricity is associated with risks to health and even life, especially if the electronics are designed with your own hands with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless power from a household AC network. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to unity. The voltage at its output will correspond to the network voltage, but at the same time reliable galvanic isolation will be ensured.

So. Life has turned out in such a way that I have a house in the village with gas heating. It is not possible to live there permanently. The house is used as a summer house. For a couple of winters I stupidly left the boiler on with the minimum coolant temperature.
But there are two disadvantages.
1. Gas bills are astronomical.
2. If there is a need to come to the house in the middle of winter, the temperature in the house is around 12 degrees.
Therefore, it was necessary to invent something.
I'll clarify right away. The presence of a WI-FI access point in the relay coverage area is mandatory. But, I think, if you get confused, you can put a connected mobile phone next to the sensor and give out a signal from the phone.

Connecting a 4-pin motion sensor with your own hands (diagram)

DIY motion sensor connection diagram

It happens that you need to install lighting in your dacha or in your home. will be triggered by movement or a person or someone else.

A motion sensor, which I ordered from Aliexpress, works well with this function. The link to which will be below. By connecting light through a motion sensor, when a person passes through his field of vision, the light turns on and stays on for 1 minute. and turns off again.

In this article I’ll tell you how to connect such a sensor if it doesn’t have 3 contacts, but 4 like this one.

DIY power supply from an energy-saving light bulb

When to get 12 Volts for LED strip, or for some other purpose, there is an option to make such a power supply with your own hands.

DIY fan speed controller

This regulator allows for smooth adjustment variable resistor fan speed.

The circuit of the floor fan speed controller turned out to be the simplest. To fit into the case from an old Nokia phone charger. The terminals from a regular electrical outlet also fit in there.

The installation is quite tight, but this was due to the size of the case..

DIY plant lighting

DIY plant lighting

There may be a problem with lack of lighting plants, flowers or seedlings, and there is a need for artificial light for them, and this is the kind of light we can provide on LEDs with your own hands.

DIY brightness control

DIY brightness control

It all started after I installed halogen lamps for lighting at home. When turned on, they often burned out. Sometimes even 1 light bulb a day. Therefore, I decided to make a smooth switching on of the lighting based on a brightness control with my own hands, and I am attaching a diagram of the brightness control.

DIY refrigerator thermostat

DIY refrigerator thermostat

It all started when I returned from work and opened the refrigerator to find it warm. Turning the thermostat control did not help - the cold did not appear. Therefore, I decided not to buy a new unit, which is also rare, but to make an electronic thermostat myself using the ATtiny85. The difference with the original thermostat is that the temperature sensor is on the shelf and not hidden in the wall. In addition, 2 LEDs appeared - they signal that the unit is turned on or the temperature is above the upper threshold.

DIY soil moisture sensor

DIY soil moisture sensor

This device can be used for automatic watering in greenhouses, flower greenhouses, flower beds and indoor plants. Below is a diagram on which you can make a simple sensor (detector) of soil moisture (or dryness) with your own hands. When the soil dries out, voltage is applied with a current of up to 90 mA, which is quite enough, turn on the relay.

It is also suitable for automatically turning on drip irrigation to avoid excess moisture.

Fluorescent lamp power supply circuit

Power supply circuit for a fluorescent lamp.

Often when energy-saving lamps fail, it is the power supply circuit that burns out, and not the lamp itself. As is known, LDS with burnt filaments, it is necessary to supply the network with rectified current using a starterless starting device. In this case, the filaments of the lamp are bridged by a jumper and a high voltage is applied to it to turn on the lamp. There is an instantaneous cold ignition of the lamp, with a sharp increase in voltage across it, upon start-up without preheating the electrodes. In this article we will look at starting an LDS lamp with your own hands.

USB keyboard for tablet

USB keyboard for tablet

Somehow, suddenly, I took something and decided to buy a new keyboard for my PC. The desire for novelty is irresistible. Changed the background color from white to black, and the letter color from red-black to white. A week later, the desire for novelty naturally disappeared like water into sand (an old friend is better than two new ones) and the new thing was sent to the closet for storage - until better times. And now they came for her, she didn’t even imagine that it would happen so quickly. And therefore the name would be even better suited not which is, but how to connect a usb keyboard to a tablet.

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or new ones can be made with your own hands. For this home, there will always be something that can be converted to perform new functions: an old electronic watch, a children's car, an out-of-use computer and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or remade. It is better to have a workshop with tools for work.

Equipped master's home workshop

power unit

Homemade electronic devices require different voltages. In particular, soldering requires a regulated power supply. This opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 chip, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Regulated power supply circuit

Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage within 1.2-30 V using a variable resistor P1. The permissible current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.

The voltmeter is adjusted using trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at a circuit output voltage of 30 V.

The greater the difference between the input and output signals, the more power is allocated to the microcircuit. To reduce heat, it requires a radiator with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps for the output wires are installed on the front PCB panel.

Simple auto tester

A sampler for cars and other purposes should always be on hand at home, in the garage or on the go. The figure below shows a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

Two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first consists of resistor R1 and LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is recharged.

Circuit and design: a) homemade circuit, which allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) homemade design of a test probe

When a circuit is tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the circuit resistance.

Like all homemade products, the tester can be constructed in different ways, for example, by placing it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue together with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional functions.

Electric devices for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of portions and can be used at home or in the country. To prepare barbecue using an electric barbecue maker, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest standing outside at the barbecue.

In specialized stores you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have skills in handling electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric kebab maker with your own hands.

The structures are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome thread. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with product around. They are attached from above. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slide down during the cooking process.

Vertical type of electric kebab maker

To make high-quality barbecue with your own hands, the skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry out.

Pieces of product no larger than 40 mm in size are placed on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.

The heater is based on a heat-resistant ceramic tube on which a spiral is wound. Fastening at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.

In the round base there are special cups for collecting fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.

Cups are made of stainless steel. They have cross-shaped protrusions at the bottom, which are inserted into the slots in the base. Inside they have devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.

The cross-section of the supply wire is selected to match the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm2). At home or in the country there should be a 16 A socket for it.

Timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of an area from a container at a certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then an old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in working order, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and there are 3 reed switches on the dial.

Timer circuit for watering plants, which uses a wall clock

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 o'clock, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the arrows will move to 9 and 12, and current will flow through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 to close the valve.

The diagram shows a “rain sensor”, which in wet weather closes transistor VT1 and the valve remains constantly closed. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided via buttons S1 and S2.

The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models captivate not only children, but also adults. They can be used for playing at home or for real competitions in the yard. To assemble it yourself, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a housing.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. The plastic should be free of nicks, inclusions and other mechanical defects. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip on the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels are much worse in this regard.

For a beginner, it is better to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any body or make it according to your own sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are installed on the chassis of the mini-car. If you purchase a kit with components, assembly instructions are included.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is adjusted. The housing is installed on the chassis after everything is working.

You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:

• the car is assembled carefully and through joint efforts;
• the materials of the model parts may differ from the original;
• small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without focusing on a specific car brand. Much depends on finances and availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child has great educational value.

The work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be purchased, but you can use old toys.

The power of the motor must match the weight of the device. Fresh batteries or accumulator are used for power supply.

If you use a special car designer, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

• the frame is assembled first;
• the motor is attached and adjusted;
• the power supply is installed;
• the antenna with the radio unit is fixed;
• wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many DIY tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful DIY crafts are often better than factory-made products.