Temple of the Hieromartyr Antipas in the yard. Temple of Antipas of Pergamon at Kolymazhny Yard: schedule of services, address Temple of Antipas of Pergamon

The temple is a complex complex of structures built over different years. Its oldest part is the actual church of Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon. The time of its construction is indicated differently in different sources: the 1530s, 1596, 1617, 1624. The church arose in the grooms' settlement, and later the Kolymazhny Yard was transferred here from the Kremlin (located on the site of the current museum named after A.S. Pushkin) . A special feature of the temple is the presence of two asymmetrical apses (one contains the side altar of Gregory the Decapolite). This is the only two-apse church in Moscow.

Later, other parts of the building were built: in 1722 the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was added to the south (in 1739-1741 it was rebuilt into a temple), in 1798 - the northern chapel of the Nativity of John the Baptist and, from the west, a small refectory-narthex and a bell tower. These structures partially hid the old part of the temple.

The building has been restored since the late 1960s, and the old part of the temple was returned to its ancient forms (by the end of the 19th century they were significantly simplified: the quadrangle was covered with a hipped roof, the drum was devoid of decoration and topped with a large onion dome). Initially, the work was led by the famous restoration architect L.A. David, who proposed to dismantle all the buildings of the 18th century and leave only the ancient core of the monument. This was opposed by the Museum of Fine Arts, which intended to use these areas for a library. However, the top with the head of the Nikolsky chapel was dismantled (not restored, there is a restoration project).

The temple was re-consecrated on February 25, 2005, and regular services are held. Temple website - http://www.hramantipa.ru/.

It was presumably built in 1530 near the Sovereign's Kolymazhny yard, where at first there were stables, and then the royal carriages, carts and kolymags. Some construction and decorative techniques in the architecture of the church bring it closer to the buildings of Italian masters who worked in Moscow in the first half of the 16th century.

The main building of the temple has a rare feature: it has two altars instead of one. The large altar was consecrated in the name of the Hieromartyr Antipas, and the small altar, which has its own blind dome, in the name of St. Gregory Dekapolit. Instead of a cornice, the apses end in two rows of small decorative kokoshniks. Inside the main temple there is a cross vault, without pillars. The light drum is topped with a helmet-shaped head and decorated with light arcature.

The dedication of the chapel of the temple to St. Gregory the Dekapolite allows us to associate the construction of the building with the name of the closest associate of Ivan IV the Terrible - Malyuta Skuratov. In addition, the Skuratov estate in the 17th century. was closely adjacent to the territory of the church site, and the church, apparently, served as their family tomb.

The single-domed, pillarless stone temple with the throne of the holy martyr Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, later became the main core of the now existing complex building. In 1722, a chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was added to the church from the south (rebuilt into a church in the Baroque style in 1739-1741 by Prince S. A. Golitsyn). In 1773, the northern aisle of the Great Martyr Catherine was erected. In 1798, a two-tier bell tower with the northern aisle of the Nativity of John the Baptist in strict classical forms, as well as a small refectory-narthex located in it, were erected. The temple was renovated at the beginning of the 19th century. and in 1901.

Closed in 1929. Used for housing, then as a utility room for the Pushkin Museum, which continues to retain its lease. In the 1950s, the domes and the head of the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker were destroyed. Inside the aisle and on the vaults of the refectory, fragments of the original painting with floral patterns have been preserved; on the vaults and niches of the Predtechensky aisle there are murals from the mid-19th century.

The temple community has existed since 1991.

Antipas of Pergamon at the Kolymazhny yard. It is located just 400 meters from the Borovitskaya Tower of the Kremlin - in Chertolye. One of the main mysteries of this temple is the date of its construction. The first mention was in 1530. However, there is an assumption that the first wooden one in the Konyushennaya Sloboda appeared in 1514-1519, and it was built by Aleviz Fryazin himself in honor of Metropolitan Peter. According to one version, a new church was later built in its place, consecrated in the name of the Hieromartyr Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon (disciple of the Apostle John the Theologian). The third version suggests dating Antipas to 1560, when it was already erected in stone.

Today it is difficult to say why it was consecrated in honor of Saint Antipas, but if you consider that they pray to him for relief from toothache and Ivan the Terrible himself had the silver “tooth” of “Ontypius the Great”, it becomes clear that such a saint was simply needed by Muscovites .

Chapel of the Nativity of John the Baptist

The Temple of Antipas of Pergamon is interesting in that it has two apses at once instead of the traditional one, and therefore - 2 altars - in the name of St. Antipas (chief) and St. Gregory Dekapolit (small). Folk legend closely connects the Antipov Church with the names of Ivan the Terrible and the leader of his guardsmen, Malyuta Skuratov. The courtyard of the estate of Malyuta (real name Grigory Belsky-Skuratov) was closely adjacent to the Antipov Church, therefore, he personally or his relatives (after his death) participated in the construction of one of the altars, because Grigory Dekapolit was the heavenly patron of Malyuta-Gregory.

Early 1990s

As for Ivan the Terrible, rumor says that it was in the temple of Antipas of Pergamon that the king married one of his many wives.

The first Romanov tsar, Alexei Mikhalych, also visited this temple and even placed a pair of silver “teeth” (tooth-shaped pendants) to the image of the saint. Who hasn’t been to this temple, located in the center of Moscow? Kurakins, Lopukhins, Apraksins and Obolenskys...

Beginning of the 20th century

The building of the temple that has come down to us is a superposition of different architectural styles, starting from 1596. Over the years, various parts were added to the two-apse temple. In 1722 - the southern chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (in 1739-1741 it was rebuilt at the expense of S.A. Golitsyn and allocated as a separate church), in 1773 - under the chapel of St. Nicholas, a chapel was built for the Great Martyr. Catherine (in the middle of the 19th century, the two altars were connected by a circular gallery on columns, so that St. Nicholas Church began to look like it was located “in the choir”).

Apse of an ancient temple

In 1798, a northern aisle was erected in honor of the Nativity of John the Baptist (instead of the church of the same name that was dismantled next door), a bell tower and a western vestibule were built. This created a rather interesting combination of forms from various architectural styles - classicism and baroque.

In 1929 Temple of Antipas of Pergamon at Kolymazhny Yard closed and handed over to the Art Courses, who first used it as a residential building and then as a warehouse. After the war, in the 1950s, the central dome and the head of the Nikolsky chapel were broken.

17.12.2006
consecration of bells for the belfry

An attempt at restoration in the second half of the 1960s (after all, the center of the capital!) under the leadership of architect L.A. David almost became fatal for the temple. Lev Arturovich wanted to destroy all parts of the building of the 17th - 19th centuries, leaving only the ancient one - the 16th century, and only thanks to the intervention of the main tenant, the Museum of Fine Arts, which proposed placing its rather extensive library here, it was possible to preserve all parts of the temple.

In 1991, the Orthodox community of the Church of Antipas of Pergamon was formed, but only in February 2005 the temple was finally returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. April 24, 2005, Memorial Day Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, which coincided that year with the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem, the first Divine Liturgy since 1929 was celebrated.

Today in the church there is a children's history club, methodological manuals on working with children and youth are published, excursions and trips are organized, and in the summer there is an Orthodox tent camp, where children and teenagers can relax and become familiar with the riches of the Orthodox culture of their people.

Temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon, in the Kolymazhny yard yakaev wrote in May 14th, 2012

In Moscow, at the intersection of Kolymazhny and Maly Znamensky lanes, there is one of the oldest churches in the city - the temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon, in the Kolymazhny yard. Its construction dates back to the 16th century.


The temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon, was built in the third quarter of the 16th century, although historical sources give an earlier date - 1530. In those days, the temple was located near the sovereign's Kolymazhny yard, where the royal carriages - kolymagi - were kept. Now on the site of Kolymazhny Yard is the building of the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin.

In 1514, for the grooms in the royal service who lived close to the Kremlin, the architect Aleviz Fryazin built a church made of wood. In the 1560s, instead of a wooden church, a stone church with two chapels was built. The main altar was consecrated in the name of the holy martyr Antipas, and the small altar in the name of Gregory Dekapolitus. There is a legend that the wedding of Ivan the Terrible to one of his wives took place in the church.


In 1627, Patriarch Filaret held a funeral service for the governor Dmitry Fedorovich Skuratov in the church. In 1737, the church was damaged due to the Great Fire of Moscow.

Now the church is an asymmetrical volume - from the south it is adjoined by the St. Nicholas chapel, built in 1739-1741, and from the northern and western parts by the chapel of John the Baptist (1798). Also in the temple there is a chapel of the Great Martyr Catherine (1773).

In 1798, an additional bell tower was built. The bell tower, consisting of two tiers, represents an important architectural accent in the development around the building.

In 1830, the Kolymazhny yard was broken. Its buildings, made of stone, were converted first into a riding arena, and soon into a transit prison. Then this transit prison was moved to Butyrki. After much squabbling, the territory of the former courtyard was given over for the construction of a museum of fine arts, since this place was the only one available for construction in the center of Moscow. The museum opened in 1912.

And this is the temple in 1881. The photograph was taken from the territory of Kolymazhny Yard, which had been dismantled not long before (heaps of stone remained from its buildings).

Two photographs of the temple taken shortly before the revolution from Maly Znamensky Lane. In 1913-1914:

And in 1916:

Iconostasis of the left altar of the Church of St. Antipius between 1920 and 1925:

The temple in the 1920s (view from Kolymazhny Lane):

The temple was closed in 1929. It was planned to open a neophilological library in the church. Then the church was transferred to the Central Art Courses of the Association of Artists of the Revolution. View of the temple in the 1920s from Maly Znamensky Lane:

The dome and head of the chapel of St. Nicholas the Pleasant were broken in the 1950s. In 1966, M.L. Bogoyavlensky described the condition of the temple: “The temple stands abandoned, its appearance is sloppy. Some crosses have been knocked down, there is no roof on the bell tower, rotten sheathing is falling down in pieces, the domes are full of holes, the plaster has fallen off. People live in the temple, some are occupied by stock". A photograph of Kolymazhny Lane from the 1950s shows a church without crosses:

The main restoration of the church took place in 1968. The restoration work was carried out by the architect L.A. David. At first, he intended to demolish all parts of the temple that dated back to the 17th-19th centuries and leave only the ancient core of the 16th century in place. But the Museum of Fine Arts interfered with the architect's plans, since he was going to place a library in the church; if the architect had managed to carry out his plan, the library simply would not have fit in the reduced building. In a photograph from 1976, the temple is already in scaffolding:

In 1983, the external restoration of 3 main parts of the temple took place; the dome and the dome with a cross over the southern church remained unrestored; the restoration was not considered complete. Two pictures from the mid-1980s:


The first color photograph found from 1988-1989 shows that the temple has already been externally restored:

In 1990, the external restoration of the church was carried out again, but the southern aisle was left without a dome. By 1991, the church community had re-formed. Classic view of the temple in 1993 (the same, but modern view can be seen in the first photo of the article):

On February 25, 2005, on the day of remembrance of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow and the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, the temple became the property of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 2006, the first bishop's service was held in the church. Modern view of the temple from Kolymazhny Lane from the Museum of Fine Arts:


The temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon is located in the Kolymazhny yard at the address: Kolymazhny lane, 8/4, building 1. The nearest metro stations are “Borovitskaya” or “Kropotkinskaya”.
Official website of the temple.

Church of the Holy Martyr Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, in Kolymazhny Yard

Perhaps no other church in Moscow has so many mysteries associated with it. In addition, it is difficult to name another Moscow church under whose arches parishioners of such different social status and status gathered.

One of the mysteries associated with the Church of Antipius or the Church of the Holy Martyr Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, in the Kolymazhny Yard is its location. It is not known why exactly on this spot the church was erected and consecrated in the name of Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, disciple of the holy Apostle John the Theologian. The church is located near the Kremlin, four hundred meters southwest of the Borovitskaya Tower, in one of the oldest inhabited parts of Moscow - Zaneglimenye.

The part of Zaneglimenye in which the Antipievsky Church was located, Chertolye (Chertorje), has been mentioned in chronicles since 1365. One of the early known names of the church of Antipius is “what is in Chertolya”. Chertolskaya Street, which ran along the bed of modern Volkhonka, a few tens of meters south of the church, acquired special significance in 1524, after the founding of the Novodevichy Convent in memory of the liberation of Smolensk.

Church of Antipas on the Kolymazhny Dvor (Temple of the Hieromartyr Antipas on the Kolymazhny Dvor)

Another mystery is the time of construction of the church. Historians date its construction to the 1530s. But there is a version that the first wooden church on this site was built by the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin in 1514 or 1519. It is sometimes believed that he built another church here, in the name of Metropolitan Peter, and in its place a new Antipievskaya Church was later built (or rebuilt). The temple, which has survived to this day, represents a complex architectural layering. It is believed that its foundation has been overgrown with new extensions over the centuries. The architecture and stylistic techniques of architectural decoration (the sun laid out in the dome, small-sized brick) indicate a strong influence of Italian architecture or imitation of it. All this fuels the version about the possible authorship of Aleviz, who could well have built a suburban church for the royal servants.

The third mystery was the name of those who financed the construction of the temple. It is believed that the Skuratov family, whose estate was closely adjacent to it on the eastern side, took part in the construction of the temple. It is known that this church originally appeared in the settlement of the royal grooms, who lived here, near the Kremlin, since the 14th century. After the terrible fire of 1547, the Tsar’s Stable Yard itself was moved here from the Kremlin, which is why the local suburban church began to be called “that of the Sovereign’s large stables.” Previously, the Tsar's Stable Yard was located in the Kremlin, near the Commandant's Tower, which was then called Kolymazhnaya - from the carriages that were made for the Tsar's court.

The rarest feature of the Antipievskaya Church was two altar apses instead of the traditional one: in the large apse there was an altar with the main altar, in the other, smaller one there was a chapel in the name of St. Gregory Dekapolit. This chapel had its own blind dome. Scientists attribute its construction to the Skuratov family. According to one version, it was built in the name of the heavenly patron by Malyuta Skuratov himself, who was baptized by Gregory. It is known that the Antipievskaya Church served as the family burial vault of the Skuratovs.

The location of Malyuta’s own estate still causes a lot of controversy. But one thing is known for sure: during the reign of Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible, the territory from Prechistenskaya Embankment to Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street was given over to the oprichnina.

Ivan Vasilyevich was connected not only by the name of Malyuta Skuratov with the Antipyevskaya Church, which by the time of the oprichnina was already standing. According to legend, Ivan the Terrible married his next wife in this temple. The Russian Tsar honored this saint, and among his family prayer shrines was the tooth of St. “Ontypia the Great”, bound in silver. True, there is another version why Grozny chose this area - his Oprichnina Palace stood nearby. At the end of the 14th century, on a high hill in Old Vagankovo ​​(where Pashkov’s house is now), the palace of Grand Duchess Sofia Vitovtovna, the wife of Vasily I, the great-great-grandfather of Ivan the Terrible, was erected. Grozny himself settled in those parts, having declared the oprichnina. One of the local underground passages allegedly headed towards Kolymazhny Dvor, where the Skuratovs’ estate was located.

It must be said that historical mysteries were of little concern to numerous parishioners. And their number was indeed large. And all because it was under the arches of this temple that the largest number of healings were performed from the most unpleasant ailment - toothache. The temple, dedicated to the saint, famous for his deliverance from toothache, attracted the whole of Moscow to its walls. Kings, nobles, and ordinary townspeople prayed here. Sometimes pendants with the image of a tooth and a prayer for health were brought to the icon of St. Antipas.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich more than once went on pilgrimage “to Antipius” from the very first year of his reign. It is known that he once added “two silver teeth” to the image of the miracle worker. It was under Alexei Mikhailovich that the old sovereign's Stable Yard became Kolymazhny. A new stone building was built, where instead of stables, under a canopy, a storage facility was installed for the royal carriages and “everything needed” for the highest excursions. The temple received a new toponymic name - “what’s on the Lazy Market”. Then all of Volkhonka was called Lenivka. Lazy markets were the oldest city markets, where peasants traded from carts. This method of trading gave the markets the name lazy, that is, not lively. Lazy markets usually arose in the open, on the outskirts, along the roads, where carts could be freely placed.

It was from the Church of Antipas, on the Lazy Market near the Old Stables, that the infamous fire started in May 1737. The Kremlin Tsar Bell perished in the fire, and the Lefortovo Palace burned down. According to another version, a fire broke out in the Miloslavsky estate, which stood next to the church.

After the fire, in 1739, the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in stone. The chapel in honor of the Great Martyr Catherine has been known since 1773. In 1798, a chapel in honor of the Nativity of John the Baptist with a western porch and a bell tower was added to the north side. This extension completed the last major construction period in the history of the temple.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the artist Valentin Serov lived in the parish of the Antipievskaya Church. At this time, work had already begun on the creation of the Museum of Fine Arts, which opened in 1912. After the revolution, the fates of the museum and the temple were intertwined.

The Antipievskaya Church was closed in 1929. The building was transferred to the Central Art Courses of the Association of Artists of the Revolution. Then living quarters were made inside, and later - utility rooms of the Pushkin Museum named after. A.S. Pushkin.

The building has been restored since the late 1960s, with the old part of the temple being returned to its ancient forms.

The temple was re-consecrated on February 25, 2005, and regular services began to take place there. Just like many centuries ago, parishioners of all ages come under the arches of this unique architectural and spiritual monument. After all, it is believed that Saint Antipas not only heals, but also protects from errors.