Table grape varieties

Table grape varieties

Almaty early.

Bred at the Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit Growing and Viticulture (KazNIIPiV). A very early ripening variety. Bush growth is average. The clusters are medium sized, dense. The berries are medium, round - from light green to golden yellow, sweet. The pulp is juicy and fleshy. The taste is very pleasant, with a nutmeg aroma. The skin is thin and cannot be felt when eating. Productivity is good. In some years it is damaged by oidium. Recommended in southern regions with warm climates.

Kishmish black. Seedless variety with early-medium ripening period. The clusters are large, medium dense and loose. The berries are medium-sized, oval, dark blue in color, covered with a waxy bluish coating. The pulp is juicy and crispy. The berries have a very good taste, they do not contain seeds. It is consumed both fresh and used for drying. Frost resistance is low, the variety is heat-loving. Gives good yields - up to 180 centners per hectare.

Queen of the Vineyards. Early ripening variety. The clusters are large and of medium density. The berries are very large, oval, golden-amber in color. The skin is quite durable. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, with a subtle nutmeg aroma. Frost resistance is average, yield is good.

Hungarian Muscat. A universal table and wine variety with early-medium ripening period. The clusters are of medium size, medium density, often loose. The berries are quite large, dull green, with a strong waxy coating. The skin is dense, thick, you can feel it when eating. The flesh is fleshy, crispy, juicy. The taste is very pleasant, with a strong nutmeg aroma. Frost resistance is low, the harvest is very good, stable over the years. Zoned in all viticulture zones.

Nimrang. High-quality late-ripening variety. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are large, medium dense or loose. The berries are large, light green with a dark pink side. The skin is thick and durable. The pulp is dense, fleshy, crispy. The taste of the berries is very pleasant. Productivity at proper care good. Winter hardiness is average.

Taifi pink. High-quality late-ripening variety. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are very large (individuals weigh 2 kg or more), medium density, and often loose. The berries are very large, dark pink or pink in color. The skin is dense, with a thick waxy coating. The flesh is crispy. The taste of the berries is very pleasant. Winter hardiness is weak. Productivity is high. Less than other varieties are affected by oidium.

Terbash. A versatile table and wine variety with a medium ripening period. Bush growth is average. The clusters are quite large, of medium density. The berries are amber yellow. The skin is dense, with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is fleshy and juicy. The taste is pleasant, slightly tart. More winter-hardy than other varieties of the eastern group. With proper care it produces high yields.

Husayne is white. Late ripening variety. People call it “lady fingers”. Bush growth is average. The clusters are very large, loose, branched. The berries are large, elongated, yellowish-green when fully ripe. The skin is thin but durable. The pulp is fleshy and juicy. The berries have a very pleasant taste. Productivity is good, winter hardiness is average. Zoned in the main viticulture zones.

The cultivation of grapes was carried out even before our era. It is not known who was the first to recognize the qualities of grapes and discover them as a food product. But one cannot deny the fact that the history of grape cultivation begins from time immemorial.

Aleshenkin grapes are a classic representative of early varieties

Early grape varieties

Grapes come in early, medium, late and super early ripening. The most popular are the early and super early varieties, since it takes four months or less to fill the berries and acquire a sweet taste. This is the most optimal and profitable way of planting and growing crops.

Caring for planting material consists of pruning, watering, fertilizing and correct landing. An early harvest can be obtained by choosing the right seedling variety and providing the grapes with proper care.

To decide which grape variety is best to plant to get an early harvest, you need to select it from the following list:

• Kishmish, Kodryanka and Sofia.
• Laura, Transfiguration and Arcadia.
• Delight, Aleshenkin and Anniversary.
• Livia, Augustine and Victor.
• Timur, Veles, Victoria and Monarch.

Transfiguration grapes produce beautiful berries and large clusters

The raisin grape variety is an early variety and produces a harvest one hundred and ten days after planting. The harvest of round and light berries, each weighing four grams, is seedless and has a sweet taste. The variety is disease-resistant and cold-resistant.

The ripening period for Sofia is one hundred and fifteen days from the moment of growing season. The berries acquire large sizes and weigh on average five grams each, the color of the crop is light with a characteristic muscat flavor and aroma. The variety is resistant to cold and disease.

Kodrianka can be classified as a very early one, since it produces a harvest already in the third month. The codberry bush grows strongly and produces dark-colored berries. The taste of the variety is pleasant and does not have any specific notes. This variety will resist fungal diseases and withstand cold weather.

The early variety of Laura produces light berries weighing nine grams with a pleasant taste qualities. The berries contain large seeds. Growing the species is convenient because it is easy to transport and store. The variety tolerates cold and is resistant to diseases; the variety is grown in a covered type. The result is berries weighing about nine grams.

Laura grapes are well stored during transportation

Arcadia is grown within one hundred and twenty-five days. The harvest is large and the weight characteristics of the variety reach up to two kilograms. The taste is simple. what attracts consumers to this variety. Each light-colored berry weighs about fifteen grams. The variety tolerates transportation and long-term storage.

At the beginning of summer, the Transfiguration variety ripens, a large grape bush with bright reddish berries. The taste of the variety is excellent, and the harvest ripens steadily. It also resists diseases and pests.

Another resistant variety, Delight, produces a harvest on the one hundred and twentieth day and has average growth vigor; the berries are light and sweet.

The Aleshenkin variety produces a harvest on the one hundred and twentieth day from the growing season. The color of berries weighing five kilograms acquires a light shade, the appearance is resistant to disease and cold.

The jubilee grape variety produces a harvest early, the weight of each bunch of the harvest reaches one and a half grams, with red and large berries. A variety of grapes with pleasant taste also calmly resists diseases and tolerates frost.

Bunches of Jubilee grapes can weigh up to 1.5 kg

Libya grapes produce a harvest on the one hundred and tenth day from the growing season. The harvest has a nutmeg and sweet taste. It is susceptible to fungal diseases, but is cold-resistant.

The Augustine variety is very resistant to disease and cold. The harvest is ready by mid-August, the color of the berries is light, the taste is sweet. The variety is not demanding in terms of care. The weight of each bunch reaches five hundred grams.

The Victor variety is a light-colored, early-ripening berry that requires a lot of care. It is resistant to frost and disease. the harvest ripens by the second half of September.

The Timur variety gives a harvest on the one hundred and sixteenth day from the moment of planting and does not grow much, each bunch weighs about six hundred grams. The color of the berries is light. the taste is sweet. Planting material Yes, it resists fungal diseases and is able to grow in northern latitudes.

Veles, Victoria and Monarch are dark early grape varieties that are resistant to cold and produce consistently high yields.

Veles grapes - decoration of any area

Super early grape varieties

Among the grape varieties there are also varieties that require a minimum period of vine ripening. The super early ripening period includes a crystal with high yield kind. The ripening speed is one hundred and fifteen days. The bush grows to medium size. Each bunch weighs about two hundred grams. The berries are light and sweet, each weighing two grams. The species is able to resist diseases and grows in severe frost conditions. The crystal is used for winemaking.

Super early view Julian is ready on the hundredth day from the growing season. The harvest is large and has a bright reddish hue. This species is also able to survive cold weather and species-specific diseases.

The ripening speed of the extra harvest is one hundred and twenty days, the bushes grow greatly, each bunch reaches a weight of half a kilogram. The grapes are large and light in color.

On the one hundred and twentieth day from the moment of the growing season, the magarach harvest ripens. This species does not tolerate sub-zero temperatures and certain diseases become detrimental to the species. Dark berries of a grape variety with a small number of seeds have a pleasant taste.

The Cardinal variety has a dark harvest color and produces berries with a juicy sweet taste and a pleasant aroma with nutmeg notes. The harvest is ready on the one hundred and twentieth day, the amount of harvest is large, but it is not able to repel pests and frost.

The super early variety of the beauty grape produces a harvest of large dark berries that are frost-resistant and have a sweet taste.

Another type of plant, Sensation, also ripens early with large, dark-colored grapes; it tolerates cold weather calmly.

Jupiter - an early variety of black grapes

The Jupiter variety is similar in characteristics to sultanas and has nutmeg notes in taste, and easily tolerates frost and pests.

The early variety Pleven belongs to the table species with light, sweet berries, which need shelter for the winter and careful care, because they are affected by pests and fungal diseases.

Buffet grapes ripen towards the end of August and produce large clusters with dark berries. The variety is resistant to disease and cold.

The lily of the valley grape variety produces a harvest in early August. On the one hundred and twenty-fifth day, a harvest of sweet berries is formed that are resistant to frost and fungus.

There are various varieties of grapes and among them you can easily choose the most suitable type for a given region.

TABLE VARIETIES

Almaty early. Bred at the Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit Growing and Viticulture (KazNIIPiV). A very early ripening variety. Bush growth is average. The clusters are medium sized, dense. The berries are medium, round - from light green to golden yellow, sweet. The pulp is juicy and fleshy. The taste is very pleasant, with a nutmeg aroma. The skin is thin and cannot be felt when eating. Productivity is good. In some years it is damaged by oidium. Recommended in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions.

Kishmish black. Seedless variety with early-medium ripening period.

Bush growth is strong. The clusters are large, medium dense and loose. The berries are medium-sized, oval, dark blue in color, covered with a waxy bluish coating. The skin is medium thick. The pulp is juicy and crispy. The berries have a very good taste, they do not contain seeds. They are consumed both fresh and used for drying. Frost resistance is low, the variety is heat-loving. Gives good yields - up to 180 centners per hectare. Zoned for the south and southeast of Kazakhstan.

Queen of the Vineyards. Early ripening variety. The clusters are large and of medium density. The berries are very large, oval, golden-amber in color. The skin is quite durable. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, with a subtle nutmeg aroma. Frost resistance is average, yield is good. Zoned in the main zones of the south and southeast of Kazakhstan.

Hungarian Muscat. A universal table and wine variety with early-medium ripening period. The clusters are of medium size, medium density, often loose. The berries are quite large, dull green, with a strong waxy coating. The skin is dense, thick, and you can feel it when you eat it. The flesh is fleshy, crispy, juicy. The taste is very pleasant, with a strong nutmeg aroma. Frost resistance is low, the harvest is good and stable over the years. Zoned in all viticulture zones of Kazakhstan.

Nimrang. High quality late ripening variety. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are large, medium-dense or loose. The berries are large, light green, with a dark pink side. The skin is thick and durable. The pulp is dense, fleshy, crispy. The taste of the berries is very pleasant. Productivity when cared for is good. Winter hardiness is average. Zoned in the South Kazakhstan, Zhymbyl, Kyzylorda regions and in the south-eastern zone of the Almaty region.

Taifi pink. High-quality late-ripening variety. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are very large (individuals weigh 2 kg or more), medium density, and often loose. The berries are very large, dark pink or pink in color. The skin is dense, with a thick waxy coating. The flesh is crispy. The taste of the berries is very pleasant. Winter hardiness is weak, yield is high. Less than other varieties are affected by oidium. Zoned in South Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, as well as in the flat zone of Zhambyl and south-eastern zone of Almaty regions.

Terbash. A versatile table and wine variety with a medium ripening period. Bush growth is average. The clusters are quite large, of medium density. The berries are amber yellow. The skin is dense, with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, the taste is pleasant, slightly tart. More winter-hardy than other varieties of the eastern group. When cared for, it produces high yields. Zoned in the South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl regions and the southeastern and plain-steppe zones of the Almaty region.

Husayne is white. Late ripening variety. People call it “lady fingers”. Bush growth is average. The clusters are very large, loose, branched. The berries are large, elongated, finger-shaped (hence the second name), and yellowish-green when fully ripe. The skin is thin but durable. The pulp is fleshy and juicy. The berries have a very pleasant taste. Productivity is good, winter hardiness is average. Zoned in the main viticulture zones of the republic.

WINE VARIETIES

Aligote. Early-medium ripening variety. Used for the preparation of champagne wine materials and table wines. Bush growth is average. The clusters are small or medium-sized, almost cylindrical, very dense. The berries are medium-sized, greenish-white, often deformed due to tight compression in the bunch. The skin is thin, the flesh is juicy. Productivity is above average. Winter hardiness is quite high. Zoned in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions. It can also be grown in the Urjar and Zaisan regions of the East Kazakhstan region.

Bayan is wider. Late ripening variety. It is used for the production of table wines and cognac wine materials, and is also consumed fresh. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are medium to large in size, medium dense or loose. The berries are medium to large in size, greenish-yellow. The skin is durable, with a thick waxy coating. The pulp is juicy, the taste is pleasant and refreshing. It is characterized by high productivity and winter hardiness above average. In areas with deep snow cover it can spend the winter pinned down. Zoned in the south-eastern zone of Almaty and the flat zone of Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions.

Kuldzhinsky. Late ripening wine and table variety.

Produces good table wines, cognac and champagne wine materials. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are very large (up to 1.5 kg), dense. The berries are medium size, pink or dark pink. The skin is durable. The pulp is juicy. The variety is high-yielding, winter hardiness is low, so the bushes must be covered before the onset of autumn frosts. Zoned in the south-eastern zone of the Almaty region and the central zone of the South Kazakhstan region.

May black. Medium-late ripening variety. Produces high quality dessert wines. Bush growth is average. The clusters are medium in size, medium to dense. The berries are medium-sized, dark blue, almost black, covered with a thick waxy coating. The skin is rough. The pulp is juicy. It is characterized by increased frost resistance and can winter without shelter, pinned to the ground. Unlike other varieties, it is weakly affected by oidium. It is also distinguished by its constant high yield. Zoned in the southern zones of the Kyzylorda, South Kazakhstan regions and the southeastern zone of the Almaty region.

Muscat pink. A mid-late ripening variety. Used for making dessert wines. Bush growth is strong. The clusters are medium sized, dense. The berries are medium-sized, dark red, almost black, covered with a thick waxy coating. The skin is thin and easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is juicy, tender, with a strong nutmeg flavor. A variety with good yield, low winter hardiness. Zoned in the main viticulture zones of Kazakhstan.

Riesling. High-quality variety of mid-late ripening period.

Used for preparing table dry and semi-sweet wines and juices. Bush growth is average. The clusters are small, of medium density. The berries are small, light green, with black dots and a waxy coating. The skin is medium thick. The pulp is juicy, melting, the taste has a specific varietal aroma. It is characterized by increased frost resistance and can winter without shelter, pinned down. Zoned in the main viticulture zones of the republic.

Rkatsiteli. A universal, high-quality, late-ripening variety. Used for making table wines, strong dessert wines and juices. Bush growth is average. The clusters are of medium size and density. The berries are medium-sized, greenish-white. The skin is thin and easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is juicy, spreading. It is characterized by increased frost resistance and overwinters well when bent to the ground without shelter under snow. Gives annual high yields. Weakly affected by oidium. Zoned in all zones of the south and southeast of Kazakhstan.

In order to please the family as soon as possible and get a tasty harvest, gardeners plant very early grape varieties. Their advantage is not only in the timing of ripening, but also in the number of varieties. In this article we will talk about the earliest grape varieties that can be grown both in Russia and Ukraine.

Early and very early grape varieties can be grown in regions with warm and temperate climates. At the initial stage, it is important to choose the right place for planting. This berry does not like drafts, so for planting it is better to choose an area protected from the wind and well lit by the sun throughout the year. As you know, late and early grapes are often grown in mountainous areas, where the uneven topography is an excellent natural shelter for the plant from air currents.

Early-ripening and late-ripening varieties are planted as seedlings, under which holes are dug in the area up to 50 cm deep and at a distance of at least 80 cm from each other. A drainage layer in the form of crushed stone is placed in the holes, as well as auxiliary elements - a support is dug in, a pipe for irrigation is installed, and either a layer of sawdust or a layer of thick cardboard is placed on the drainage.

After preparation, you can install the seedling in the hole and then fill it with soil. A mixture of earth and peat in a 1:1 ratio is used as soil. You can add a little nitrogen or superphosphate fertilizer to this mixture if necessary.

After laying out the first layer of soil (about 20 cm), water is poured into the hole. After this, you can continue to fill the hole with soil. After this stage is completed, the seedling is tied to a support, and after a week it is watered again.

Early and express early grape varieties are usually planted in the spring. After planting, care is carried out in the standard way:

• Watering is carried out four times a year. Young shrubs are watered through pipes dug into the hole, for which a solution of 3.5–4 liters of water and ash is used. The first watering is necessary in the spring, the second - before flowering, the third - as soon as flowering ends and fruit formation begins. The bush is watered for the fourth time before the start of the dormant period, that is, in winter;
• pruning is carried out only in autumn. In spring, pruning is not recommended at all. In summer, the vine is pinched so that it does not grow higher than 1.7 m, as well as the removal of excess foliage and shoots that shade the fruits. In autumn, pruning is done in 2 stages: during the first, old and weak shoots are removed, and during the second, excess stems and branches growing on already formed vines are removed;
• fertilizing is applied starting from the fifth year of the bush’s life. Both organic and mineral compounds are used as fertilizers. Growth-stimulating compounds are applied in the spring, manure and superphosphate are applied 20 days before flowering, and phosphorus-potassium solutions are useful before fruit formation begins.

Very early

Ultra-early grape varieties are best suited for the northern regions of the country, as they need the least amount of sunny days. For these varieties to ripen, 90–105 days are enough, the countdown of which begins from the moment the first bud appears. Such varieties require planting at a temperature of +2 °C, but temperatures below +20 °C during the ripening period can have a detrimental effect on the taste of the fruit.

• Lepsna grapes produce small but neat clusters. These are universal express grapes, used in making wine, fresh, and also for decorating gazebos;
• crimson clusters are produced by express early Azalea grapes, which are loved by farmers for their resistance to frost and disease;
• express early grape Muscat black got its name due to the color of the berries - black matte fruits are round in shape and ripen well only with plenty of sunlight;
• Rosmus grapes have an incredibly sweet taste. The fruits of the Rosmus grape are medium-sized, purple in color. The characteristics of Rosmus grapes have not been fully studied, but it has been noted that Rosmus grapes are relatively resistant to frost. Due to its flavor, Rosmus grapes are often used in wine making;
• The Kherson Summer Resident's Jubilee (YUHD) grape is a relatively new variety that has proven itself well in terms of cold tolerance and yield volumes. In addition, the YuHD grapes have medium-sized bunches with very tasty pink berries;

• Elegia grapes are one of the universal varieties that are most often used in winemaking. This is due to the fact that Elegy berries are small, but have an unusual muscat taste with a complex aroma;
• The extra-early white Muscat grape has even more unusual taste qualities - its taste combines notes of orange, tea rose, spicy cinnamon and cloves. Clusters with small fruits (up to 350 g), light yellow, with neat oval berries;
• The Super Early Red Muscat variety received high marks from tasters. The bush produces medium-sized clusters with round, bright purple fruits. Extra-early red nutmeg is resistant to mildew and gray rot, the fruits are transportable and popular with consumers.

Very early

Early

Early varieties need 115–120 days to ripen. Despite such a small difference in the number of days of ripening, the differences between the varieties of berry bushes are huge, and they are also associated with taste characteristics and disease tolerance. Among the early varieties are:

• Pamyati Smolnikov grapes produce high yields of very large berries, collected in clusters of 1.5–1.8 kg. Mildew and Memory oidium Smolnikov are rarely affected. It is also resistant to cold weather;
• Summer Muscat grape produces medium-sized berries of elongated shape and yellowish color. The species received its name for its bright taste;
• Viktor Krainov developed almost two dozen grape varieties, but Krainov’s Troika group of species includes the varieties Jubilee of Novocherkassk, Preobrazhenie and Victor. All three varieties of Troika Krainova differ in appearance. But under the general name - Troika Krainova - they are usually united according to taste and product characteristics;
• Sicily, despite its name, was bred by domestic breeders. Sicily berries are very large, and Sicily berries are large, oval and green. Often Sicily berries are seedless. In general, Sicily is resistant to infection and is well suited for cultivation in southern latitudes;
• Hadji Murat is notable for its taste. In addition, the clusters of Hadji Murad are very large (almost 2 kg). The fruits of Hadji Murad began to appear on our tables not so long ago, due to the fact that Hadji Murad is an extremely heat-loving species. Hadji Murad has large dark blue berries, and Hadji Murad tastes sweet and slightly tart;

• The Middle East is considered the birthplace of the Shahini of Iran, which affects the cold resistance of the Shahini of Iran. The bunches of Shahini Irana are of medium weight and the berries of Shahini Irana are dark crimson in color. The Shahini of Iran has a major drawback - lack of immunity to infections;
• Kishmish Nakhodka has a color unusual for sultana varieties - pink-red. The fruits are medium in size, sweet in taste with a pleasant aroma;
• Early pineapple grapes are not consumed fresh. However, early Pineapple grapes are successfully grown in cold climates and are practically not affected by rot.

Other early varieties include White Pearl, Pink Super, Nelson grapes, Einsent Sidlis grapes, Leon Millau grapes, early pink Muscat grapes, Everest grapes.

Video “Rules for caring for grapes”

From this video you will learn how to properly care for grapes.