Data of NKVD employees 1935 1939. Data on NKVD employees published

Andrey Zhukov "Personnel of the USSR State Security Bodies. 1935-1939". The main source of information for the reference book was the orders of the NKVD of the USSR on personnel.

The reference book contains the numbers and dates of orders on the assignment of special ranks and on dismissal from the NKVD, information on the position held at the time of dismissal, as well as information on received state awards. Information from the orders was supplemented with biographical data from other sources. The preliminary version of the handbook, which took 15 years to prepare, was first released on CD in May 2016.

By the time the database was published on the Internet, changes and additions had been made to approximately 4500 biographical references. The co-chairman of the International "Memorial" spoke about how the work on the reference book was carried out and to whom it might be useful. Yan Rachinsky:

- This directory is the result of many years of work by Andrei Zhukov, he wanted to create the most complete list of people who received special state security titles in the period from the introduction of these titles at the end of 1935 to the end of the era of great terror and even slightly more, until mid-1939. He had been solving this problem for many years. It was an incredibly painstaking work, since he studied a huge number of orders of the NKVD - many hundreds of volumes, raised many documents in the award department of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. A huge amount of information was shoveled. And since the sources of information of the Soviet era are rather scarce, since a significant part of the archives are still inaccessible, especially for the documents of the NKVD (the archives of the NKVD are now divided between the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB), this directory is unique.

Andrei Zhukov is not a historian, he graduated from the law faculty of Moscow State University, but in an interview with Radio Liberty he says that he was always interested in history and began collecting such information back in Soviet times, since 1979, when it was practically not available in the public domain. According to Zhukov, he began his research not with the NKVD, but with the losses of the Red Army, which were subjected to "absolutely fantastic repressions." Then he turned to data on the NKVD employees, and later met with the employees of "Memorial", who offered him cooperation.

Jan Rachinsky explains who the project is for:

- First of all, for historians. Because in documents, including in archival and investigative files, usually only the surname and rank appear, although this is not always the case. Name, patronymic and even initials, as a rule, are not given. And it is very difficult to understand who we are talking about, what kind of person he is, where to look for his traces. This guide allows you to solve the problem, at least for those who had these special titles, to understand when he received this title, by what order, and often in which region. For many, it was possible to find out additional information - the date, place of birth, and now it is possible to determine what kind of person appeared in this document, and link it according to different documents, build some kind of chain of fate, understand what kind of person he was and what he was committed. In general, this is, in my opinion, an absolutely invaluable source for commenting on any memoirs, on a huge number of documents.

–​ In May, Memorial presented the handbook on CD. How did it go?

Before history, everyone is responsible for their own affairs

- This disc aroused great interest, the circulation was sold out, nothing was left of it. The Internet edition is wider - in about 4.5-5 thousand biographical references, additions, clarifications, corrections have been made. There were additional different sources, in general, it is somewhat broader. In addition to the practical meaning, in my opinion, there is a broader meaning. On the one hand, this is a moral meaning, because after all, everyone should understand that he is responsible for his own affairs, and hope that something will remain forever unknown, these are empty hopes. Anyway, before history, everyone is responsible for their own affairs and everything becomes known.

Somehow it so happened that there are victims of crimes, but we seem to have no criminals

On the other hand, this corrects some bias in the information that has existed until now, because quite a lot, in different regions in different ways, in different post-Soviet countries in different ways, but quite a lot has been done to identify the names of victims of repression, victims of crime. But somehow it so happened that there are victims of crimes, but we do not seem to have criminals. Several hundred names of the main leaders who headed the regional departments were named, but they were not the ones who conducted interrogations, almost never they were directly involved in interrogations, inventing cases, this was done by their subordinates, whose names remained unknown. Now, among these 40 thousand names, practically all the names of those who conducted interrogations, who falsified charges, who committed crimes.

–​ Not so long ago, Denis Karagodin from Tomsk of the murderers of his great-grandfather, who was repressed, published their names. He was the granddaughter of one of the NKVD officers who participated in the massacre, and asked his forgiveness. An amazing story that is now widely on the internet ....

- I'm afraid I didn't follow this story in great detail ... But I don't think that the granddaughter should have asked for forgiveness. I think that it should be about understanding this story and about naming things by their proper names. If you understand, among the descendants of these employees of the NKVD there are people extremely worthy. And it seems to me not very correct to consider the drivers and typists to be guilty of something, because they did not have the opportunity to assess the reliability of the testimonies they reprinted, the degree of guilt of the people whom they took there, to the place of execution and from prison to prison.

Accountability for those who knowingly tortured and falsified charges

This responsibility still lies with those who deliberately tortured and deliberately falsified the charges. And it is on them that we need to focus, in my opinion. Even executioners, although this is a disgusting profession, unimaginable for a normal person, are essentially only performers. They did not know who they were shooting, on a false accusation or on a real one. Among them there were also those who knowingly knew about this, but most of them were just not very distant people with not very developed moral criteria. So my attitude to this story is rather complicated. I am for people to find out what happened to their ancestors and who is responsible for what happened to them, but with a clear division according to the degree of guilt.

These people are the immediate culprits.

In fact, it is not difficult to identify the perpetrators. Relatives have the right to familiarize themselves with the archival investigation file, and there are names of those who gave the arrest warrant, the certificate was, as a rule, also already false, and those who interrogated, conducted the investigation, and those who drew up the indictment, which has nothing to do with reality. These people are the direct culprits. There are, of course, Stalin and others who approved the assignments, adopted a law on a simplified procedure for considering cases, if it concerns the military collegium, but they directly carried out, invented charges and tortured other people. And this is their list, the main culprits in the case are fixed. And the one who shot is already the lesser culprit, because he has no idea whether he is shooting a real enemy or a murderer, or someone else. In most cases, these were people of low intellectual abilities, others are unlikely to take up such a profession.

It is important that those who mindlessly follow orders understand that there is individual responsibility.

From my point of view, the names of people who have committed crimes against humanity need to be made public. I don't understand why some, relatively speaking, Nazi soldier who shot 20 villagers, thinking that they were helping the partisans, is a greater criminal than the one who, in peacetime, made up cases for more people, and in the same way brought them to death, even if he did not shoot them himself, but on his orders. It is not clear to me why some should be remembered and condemned, while others should be given some kind of indulgence. It seems to me that it is very important that those who today thoughtlessly follow orders understand that there is such a thing as individual responsibility, and that all the same, in 20, 50 or 70 years, their names and deeds will somehow be revealed. It seems to me that this is also quite important, because it is the question of the fact that history is made by people, and everyone should think about it - this awareness is sorely lacking.

Understanding your own history is a sign of culture

First of all, this is the question of personal responsibility. There can be no normal society without personal responsibility. In the same way, knowledge of history, understanding of one's own history is part of culture. This is some element of hygiene, per se. This is simply the difference between a cultured person and a not very cultured one. If we want to be modern society, we must understand how we came to where we now have. Without giving an adequate assessment of the communist regime, we will not be able to build something different from it in essence.

- There is a lot of discussion that Russian society did not survive Stalinism, did not get rid of it, did not repent, although this is a difficult question - should the whole society necessarily repent. But do you think it is important for today's Russian society to find out what was happening then, in the 30s and 40s?

- It seems to me that this is important, and precisely in order to free myself. And the question is not to repent, but the question is to realize. The current state of mind ... here the patriarch spoke about the heresy of man-worship, but it seems to me that we have a much more dangerous heresy - this is state worship. The state is sacred for a very large number of our fellow citizens, it is a kind of the highest value, for the sake of which you can do anything, without limiting yourself to any moral norms. Until we become independent from the state ... The state is nothing more than an apparatus that we hire for our convenience, and there is no such understanding in society. And there is no understanding that a state that is free from citizens' control is, generally speaking, dangerous for these citizens. And in this sense, the history of Stalinism, the history of Bolshevism, is a very instructive example.

The site of the international "Memorial" "History Lessons" - about the appearance of a new disc - in response to the often repeated rhetorical exclamation: "If there are victims, then there must be executioners?" About 40,000 certificates on the personnel of the NKVD are precisely those people who were the perpetrators, the full-fledged authors of the mass political repressions of the late 30s. "The personnel structure of the state security agencies of the USSR 1935-1939" today is the most complete list of the NKVD officers during the Great Terror. One of the project leaders, co-chairman of the Moscow Memorial Yan Rachinsky, tells about the database, which took 15 years to compile.

- Tell us what exactly is on this disc?

This is a guide to the staff of state security agencies, not the NKVD as a whole, because the NKVD included firefighters, border guards, and a number of other services, namely the state security agencies, those people who had special titles introduced at the end of 1935. These are exactly those who carried out the Great Terror, because the disc covers the period 1935-1939.

Does this cover the entire pyramid of the NKVD hierarchy or are some individual ranks, say, presented in more detail or in less detail?

In principle, everyone who had special ranks of state security officers, from sergeant to commissar general, all ranks without exception, are included. Of course, there may be some gaps for various reasons: either due to fatigue of the compiler, there may be accidental gaps, or because some of the orders were not published, had a stamp and were not available. But there are very few of them. 90%, in any case, of the staff is represented here.

- How, where did these names and data on them come from?

The compiler of this reference book, Andrei Nikolaevich Zhukov, has been dealing with this topic for many years. At first, he was interested in repressions against the Chekists, about whom a lot is said and which, as it turns out from this set, are greatly exaggerated. But then, as a man with a collector's streak, he began to collect not only the repressed, but everyone, just to understand how this correlated with the total number, and in general he worked a lot of sources. At first, these were open sources - well, conditionally open, you cannot call them easily accessible. At one time, Nikita Petrov also worked on newspaper publications and partly on various propaganda books, but then the archives were opened a little.

The first, of course, is personnel orders, orders for the personnel of the NKVD - many volumes have been published. They exist in the original source and there are typographically reproduced collections that were sent to departments, just so that they could also be verified in the field.

- That is, in other words, there is no consolidated list of NKVD employees?

It sounds like a paradox, is it really not a natural part of the life of any law enforcement agency, let alone the NKVD, to carefully record your personnel?

The personnel department of the NKVD may have some kind of card files, most likely, as there are personal files of employees, which are absolutely inaccessible today, so you have to turn to such sources. I had to look through orders in a row. Basically, orders of two types are used: orders for conferring titles and orders for dismissal. To bring all this together was in itself a non-trivial task - after all, the orders for the assignment of titles contain a surname, first name and patronymic, and in the orders of dismissal there is a position from which the Chekist leaves, but, as a rule, there is no name and patronymic, only initials. And with such a huge volume - over 40,000 characters - of course, the mass of namesakes, and namesakes of full, also up to ten

The second source is also seriously closely worked out - this is the fund of the award department of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, which was reviewed and where the Chekists were also identified. This has already had to be looked through completely. Of course, not everything was revealed, but, nevertheless, there are a lot of these awards, and they were one of the important sources of biographical information. It is especially important here that when awarded the Order of Lenin, the candidate filled out a questionnaire with basic biographical information, so the date and place of birth and other minimal information could be taken from there. Of course, this is only a starting point, this is the first step, very important and perhaps the most difficult.

Tell us more about Andrei Nikolaevich, who, in fact, collected all this data. After all, as far as I know, this work took him about 15 years.

It all started in the pre-computer era. The first version of his work - these are large notebooks, these extracts were then transferred to cards and from the cards he already entered this into the computer in the form of a text file with many abbreviations, which then needed to be deciphered, it was necessary to check carefully, because with such a volume of manual writing typos are inevitable. In general, this is a colossal amount of work, it is not even clear how one person could master this. He is not limited only to the Chekists, he collected quite a lot of information on repressions in the army, he has extensive very information on this topic, but they still refer to the repressed and to the top of the command staff, if we talk about the non-repressed.

You said that Zhukov was initially interested in the topic of repression among the NKVD employees - is this somehow reflected in the database?

The database provides information on repressions, but there is no special cut of this - repressed employees - to date, it will probably appear in the Internet version. This is partly due to the fact that this information is incomplete. In the provision on the passage of service there was a special article on dismissal 38 "b", which meant dismissal in connection with the arrest, that is, we already know that the person was arrested, but for a large number of those dismissed in this way, we have no information what exactly next followed, because most, a noticeable part, let's say, of the arrested NKVD officers were subsequently released. Even among those who were convicted at the beginning of the war, in the first year and a half, many were released and sent to the front, and some were left in the rear to continue working. We also know such examples. Therefore, the information on repressions is not yet complete enough to be presented as a separate category. Our technical role - mine and not only mine - was to bring this into a usable form. This is the first version, it will be improved on the Internet.

“So your" function "was to turn this into a database.

Yes, handle it in such a way that it has some kind of unified structure, functionally similar to "wikipedia".

- Is there any preliminary release date for the Internet version?

We want to do this by the end of the year, since there will still be additions - now it is already obvious that there will be quite a few of them.

- How is the entrance to this database arranged, does each name have a certain set of additional information?

Yes, each name has a set of information, the preface says what it can be maximum, but for very many - for a good half - it comes down to a single record of the assignment of a rank - sergeant or junior lieutenant, and we have nothing more about the person today do not know. But, nevertheless, this is already, at least, a name and patronymic, and often also a binding to the region. This makes it possible to identify these employees, investigators, who often appear only with their surnames, and nothing else is known, this is some next step towards identification. Today, we have systematization there by alphabet, by title, by awards and by regions - these are four such sections. And, in fact, when it appears on the Internet, it will become possible to add information there from a wide variety of sources, attach fragments of memories there, and some pieces of subsequent investigations of the activities of this or that character.

- That is, a kind of "Open List"?

Here it is somewhat different, because here we have a closed list, that is, we more or less already know the heroes who may be added a little, but the list of personalities itself is close to exhaustion. But for each persona, you can add a lot.

After the news about the launch of an online database on Chekists of the Great Terror era, many had questions about the structure of the database, the possibility of supplementing it with a third-party user, and about the project in general. We have collected the seven most frequent questions from social networks in some FAQ, and asked the creators of the database to answer them.

1. Is this a list of executioners, direct perpetrators of terror, or just a list of NKVD employees of a certain historical period?

On the other hand, it is important to understand that not all of the executioners were Chekists - the bulk of the GULAG personnel did not have special titles of the State Security Service, therefore, their names are not in the database.

2. Who is this all for? For example, Denis Karagodin found the executioners of his great-grandfather and is filing a lawsuit. Are you seeking the restoration of historical justice?

This is for everyone who is interested in the past and wants to understand it. But this is no longer "for whom", but "for what". The question is not so much in restoring justice as in finding out the causes of the tragedy. It is impossible to build a state governed by the rule of law without finding out why the state after the October coup of 1917 became criminal and remained, if not criminal, then unlawful for many decades.

3. Why is the site intermittent? Is this the result of an attack, or is the site unable to withstand the public's surplus?

This is the result of an unexpected surge of interest; now the problem is partly solved by optimization; after moving to a more powerful server, all difficulties, we hope, will disappear.

4. A lot of people have already appeared who want to close the site. Why not make the disc publicly available on some torrents?

The closure of the base is unlikely to threaten. But even in this case, it is necessary to understand that the disc published at the beginning of 2016 and the online database are different. The disc was a preliminary version, and since its release, several thousand edits and clarifications have been made to the database, which are now available online, but of course not on the disc.

5. I have information about an NKVD officer of that time, but he is not in the database. How can I add it to your website?

6. According to my information, there is a mistake or inaccuracy in one of the questionnaires. What to do?

The site of the base is built on the Wikipedia engine and many of its features are preserved. Visitors cannot make edits directly to the personal data, but there is an opportunity to register on the site and leave their comments on the discussion page of the profile, in which an inaccuracy was found.

7. Are you going to continue to work on the base, make other chronological sections?

A handbook on the leadership of the state security bodies of the next period has already been published (Petrov N. V. Who led the state security bodies: 1941-1954. M .: Mezhdunar. Island "Memorial": Zvenya, 2010). Curriculum vitae from it are posted on the Memorial website.

Further work requires time, resources and access to sources; in addition, it is necessary to develop criteria for the selection of characters, since special ranks cannot be a criterion outside the period 1935-1943.

The readers' questions were answered by:
Yan Rachinsky, Stanislav Rachinsky, Nikita Petrov

The site of the international "Memorial" "History Lessons" - about the appearance of a new disc - in response to the often repeated rhetorical exclamation: "If there are victims, then there must be executioners?" About 40,000 certificates on the personnel of the NKVD are precisely those people who were the perpetrators, the full-fledged authors of the mass political repressions of the late 30s. "The personnel structure of the state security agencies of the USSR 1935-1939" today is the most complete list of the NKVD officers during the Great Terror. One of the project leaders, co-chairman of the Moscow Memorial Yan Rachinsky, tells about the database, which took 15 years to compile.

- Tell us what exactly is on this disc?

This is a guide to the staff of state security agencies, not the NKVD as a whole, because the NKVD included firefighters, border guards, and a number of other services, namely the state security agencies, those people who had special titles introduced at the end of 1935. These are exactly those who carried out the Great Terror, because the disc covers the period 1935-1939.

Does this cover the entire pyramid of the NKVD hierarchy or are some individual ranks, say, presented in more detail or in less detail?

In principle, everyone who had special ranks of state security officers, from sergeant to commissar general, all ranks without exception, are included. Of course, there may be some gaps for various reasons: either due to fatigue of the compiler, there may be accidental gaps, or because some of the orders were not published, had a stamp and were not available. But there are very few of them. 90%, in any case, of the staff is represented here.

- How, where did these names and data on them come from?

The compiler of this reference book, Andrei Nikolaevich Zhukov, has been dealing with this topic for many years. At first, he was interested in repressions against the Chekists, about whom a lot is said and which, as it turns out from this set, are greatly exaggerated. But then, as a man with a collector's streak, he began to collect not only the repressed, but everyone, just to understand how this correlated with the total number, and in general he worked a lot of sources. At first, these were open sources - well, conditionally open, you cannot call them easily accessible. At one time, Nikita Petrov also worked on newspaper publications and partly on various propaganda books, but then the archives were opened a little.

The first, of course, is personnel orders, orders for the personnel of the NKVD - many volumes have been published. They exist in the original source and there are typographically reproduced collections that were sent to departments, just so that they could also be verified in the field.

- That is, in other words, there is no consolidated list of NKVD employees?

It sounds like a paradox, is it really not a natural part of the life of any law enforcement agency, let alone the NKVD, to carefully record your personnel?

The personnel department of the NKVD may have some kind of card files, most likely, as there are personal files of employees, which are absolutely inaccessible today, so you have to turn to such sources. I had to look through orders in a row. Basically, orders of two types are used: orders for conferring titles and orders for dismissal. To bring all this together was in itself a non-trivial task - after all, the orders for the assignment of titles contain a surname, first name and patronymic, and in the orders of dismissal there is a position from which the Chekist leaves, but, as a rule, there is no name and patronymic, only initials. And with such a huge volume - over 40,000 characters - of course, the mass of namesakes, and namesakes of full, also up to ten

The second source is also seriously closely worked out - this is the fund of the award department of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, which was reviewed and where the Chekists were also identified. This has already had to be looked through completely. Of course, not everything was revealed, but, nevertheless, there are a lot of these awards, and they were one of the important sources of biographical information. It is especially important here that when awarded the Order of Lenin, the candidate filled out a questionnaire with basic biographical information, so the date and place of birth and other minimal information could be taken from there. Of course, this is only a starting point, this is the first step, very important and perhaps the most difficult.

Tell us more about Andrei Nikolaevich, who, in fact, collected all this data. After all, as far as I know, this work took him about 15 years.

It all started in the pre-computer era. The first version of his work - these are large notebooks, these extracts were then transferred to cards and from the cards he already entered this into the computer in the form of a text file with many abbreviations, which then needed to be deciphered, it was necessary to check carefully, because with such a volume of manual writing typos are inevitable. In general, this is a colossal amount of work, it is not even clear how one person could master this. He is not limited only to the Chekists, he collected quite a lot of information on repressions in the army, he has extensive very information on this topic, but they still refer to the repressed and to the top of the command staff, if we talk about the non-repressed.

You said that Zhukov was initially interested in the topic of repression among the NKVD employees - is this somehow reflected in the database?

The database provides information on repressions, but there is no special cut of this - repressed employees - to date, it will probably appear in the Internet version. This is partly due to the fact that this information is incomplete. In the provision on the passage of service there was a special article on dismissal 38 "b", which meant dismissal in connection with the arrest, that is, we already know that the person was arrested, but for a large number of those dismissed in this way, we have no information what exactly next followed, because most, a noticeable part, let's say, of the arrested NKVD officers were subsequently released. Even among those who were convicted at the beginning of the war, in the first year and a half, many were released and sent to the front, and some were left in the rear to continue working. We also know such examples. Therefore, the information on repressions is not yet complete enough to be presented as a separate category. Our technical role - mine and not only mine - was to bring this into a usable form. This is the first version, it will be improved on the Internet.

“So your" function "was to turn this into a database.

Yes, handle it in such a way that it has some kind of unified structure, functionally similar to "wikipedia".

- Is there any preliminary release date for the Internet version?

We want to do this by the end of the year, since there will still be additions - now it is already obvious that there will be quite a few of them.

- How is the entrance to this database arranged, does each name have a certain set of additional information?

Yes, each name has a set of information, the preface says what it can be maximum, but for very many - for a good half - it comes down to a single record of the assignment of a rank - sergeant or junior lieutenant, and we have nothing more about the person today do not know. But, nevertheless, this is already, at least, a name and patronymic, and often also a binding to the region. This makes it possible to identify these employees, investigators, who often appear only with their surnames, and nothing else is known, this is some next step towards identification. Today, we have systematization there by alphabet, by title, by awards and by regions - these are four such sections. And, in fact, when it appears on the Internet, it will become possible to add information there from a wide variety of sources, attach fragments of memories there, and some pieces of subsequent investigations of the activities of this or that character.

- That is, a kind of "Open List"?

Here it is somewhat different, because here we have a closed list, that is, we more or less already know the heroes who may be added a little, but the list of personalities itself is close to exhaustion. But for each persona, you can add a lot.

The source of information was the orders of the department on personnel stored in the archives. The list was compiled by little-known lawyer Andrey Zhukov. Human rights defenders (employees of an organization recognized as a foreign agent) offered him cooperation and provided an all-Russian “tribune”.

“With the help of the reference book, it will be possible to attribute many of the state security officers of the Great Terror era, who are still known only by their last name,” reads the explanation for the project. On the air of Kommersant Fm, a member of the Memorial board, Yan Rachinsky, compared the NKVD officers with the Nazis. (Another fan of the Essa uniform)

Now, as conceived by human rights defenders, Russian government bodies must adopt appropriate laws to consider the acts of intelligence officers, create a special body, and then consider the case on the merits. “I don’t know which body should do this, but it should be composed of competent lawyers,” Yan Raczynski explained his idea to SP. - There is no need to wait for international decisions, such as the PACE resolution on the establishment of a Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Totalitarianism: Fascism and Communism. Better to figure out your own history. But, given the scale of the actions of the NKVD officers, an open public hearing is needed. "

Nikita Petrov, deputy chairman of the Memorial council, does not hide the political goals of the project. He expects that now Russian citizens will massively file applications to the prosecutor's office, as well as private lawsuits to courts demanding to establish the fact of repression. “In the end, we will come to the obvious: both the Politburo and Stalin are criminals,” the human rights activist hopes. (Foreign agents are haunted by the name of Stalin. How does Stalin's name bother them ?! And they are afraid, they are very afraid of his very name. It's a pity that Comrade Stalin was too soft to such "accusers" for whom the SS men are better than the employees of the USSR state security organs. reasons to hate these types of employees of the NKVD-KGB. And they really are a network. Below are the documents of what they were)

Here is how some representatives of the authorities and the public reacted to the initiative to arrange a trial:

Dmitry Peskov called the publication of personal data of the NKVD officers "a sensitive topic." “There are diametrically opposed points of view, and both are sometimes very well-reasoned,” Peskov explained, refusing to state the Kremlin's position on this issue. Vice-President of the International Association of Russian-Speaking Lawyers Mikhail Ioffe drew attention to the legal side of the issue. He is sure that it is impossible to prove the guilt of the state of that period. “The internal legal issues of that period just provided for the criminal liability of these persons for failure to comply with decisions,” the lawyer recalled. Alexander Khinshtein discusses the moral aspect of the problem. He reproaches human rights activists that they "with purely Bolshevik stubbornness are trying to divide our recent past into good and shameful." And he recalls that the NKVD included the police, and firefighters, and border guards. And there were also road parts. “Already on June 29 (1941 -“ SP ”) 15 new rifle divisions were formed from the NKVD personnel to be sent to the front. - the author writes. - “Goodbye, Motherland. I die, but I don't give up "- this famous inscription from the Brest Fortress was carved in the barracks of the 132nd battalion of the NKVD escort troops." In total, 100 thousand soldiers and commanders of the state security bodies died during the war years. https://cont.ws/post/441101

Since they propose to make the names of the NKVD employees public, I personally "FOR"! Only with a proviso: it is necessary and first of all to make public the documents that the idol of the "human rights activists" Solzhenitsyn was a traitor and, moreover, a camp informer "Vetrov"