“Muddy” NUR CHPP, alternative boiler house and heat pumps. Calculation of specific fuel consumption standards for supplied thermal energy from boiler houses is given in the appendix Nur of boiler houses

Calculation of NUR based on reporting data of the base period
25. Calculation of the NUR based on the indicators of the base period is carried out in the absence of current regulatory and technical documentation on fuel use at the TPP.

One of the two years preceding the calculated one, differing in the volumes of electricity generation and heat supply from the calculated one by no more than 10%, can be taken as the base period. If both previous years meet this condition, then the last year preceding the calculated year is taken as the base year.

Depending on the method used at thermal power plants for distributing fuel costs by power boiler units between electrical and thermal energy, the calculation of the NUR is carried out in accordance with the formulas given below. Subscript " b" in the designation of indicators included in the formulas means that they belong to the base period.

^ Method for distributing fuel costs of power boiler units between electrical and thermal energy using indicators

separate production

26. Power plants that use the method of distributing fuel costs by power boiler units between electrical and thermal energy using separate production indicators, calculate the NUR for supplied electricity, g/(kWh), using the formulas:

Where Vuh, – actual specific fuel consumption for electricity and for separate production, g/(kWh);

– amendments to specific fuel consumption for changes in the values ​​of external factors in the forecast period compared to the base;

– coefficient of increase in fuel consumption of power boilers during separate production:

, (14)
Qfrom, – heat supply to external consumers in total and from peak hot water boilers, Gcal;

Relative value of losses, %, associated with heat supply from power boilers;

Quh, – actual heat consumption for electricity production and for separate production, Gcal:

Quh(negative) – increase in heat consumption for electricity production during separate production, Gcal;

, , – increase in heat consumption for electricity production in the conditional absence of heat supply to external consumers, respectively, from production and district heating extractions (as well as from equivalent unregulated extractions) and from turbine unit condensers, Gcal;

The values ​​of and for the forecast period are determined by the formulas:

Where QBy,QThat,Qcond – heat supply to external consumers and for own needs, respectively, from production and district heating extractions (and equivalent unregulated extractions) and from turbine unit condensers, Gcal;

 slave – average operating time of a single turbine unit over the forecast period, h;

Qxxi– conditional idling heat consumption of the turbine unit i th value of rated power, Gcal/h. Determined by energy characteristics according to the dependence graph qT= f(NT,QBy,QThat) at QBy= 0 and QThat = 0;

zi– number of turbine units in operation i th value of rated power;

– the average relative increase in heat consumption for the production of electricity in the condensation cycle for turbine units with these parameters (with pressure regulators in regulated extractions turned on), Gcal/(MWh);

E– electricity generation, thousand kWh.

27. Predicted values ​​of specific fuel consumption standards for heat released “from collectors” (kg/Gcal) are calculated using the formulas:

(24)
, (25)

Where, is the specific fuel consumption for power boilers: actual and for separate production (does not take into account electricity costs for the heating plant), kg/Gcal;

INPVK, VPVK, – absolute (t) and specific (kg/Gcal) consumption of equivalent fuel for peak hot water boilers;

Eheat– electricity consumption for a heating plant, thousand kWh;

INte – total consumption of equivalent fuel for heat supply, t;

– heat supply to external consumers provided by power boiler units (from ROU, regulated and unregulated extractions and from turbine unit condensers), Gcal;

– the amount of heat received by water in network and transfer pumps, Gcal;

, – amendments to specific fuel consumption of power boilers and peak water boilers for changes in the values ​​of external factors in the forecast period compared to the base one, kg/Gcal;

– heat supply with hot water, Gcal.

28. Using the formulas below, corrections to specific fuel consumption for the supply of electricity () and heat (,  V PVK) when it changes:

1) Structures of burned fuel –  V With :

Where is the specific fuel consumption for electricity supply during separate production using the main type of fuel, g/(kWh);

– the same for heat supply by energy boilers, kg/Gcal;

VPVK G – specific fuel consumption of peak water heating boilers when operating on gas, kg/Gcal;

m– the number of other types of fuel burned by power boiler units, in addition to those accepted as the main one;

i– share in the consumption of power boiler units of each of the other types (brands) of burned fuel, %;

PVK G – share of gas in fuel consumption by peak water heating boilers, %;

TOPVK m– relative increase in specific fuel consumption of peak water heating boilers when switching from gas to fuel oil, %;

TOWith– relative change in specific fuel consumption of power boiler units when replacing 1% of the main type (brand) of fuel with one of the others, %; Below are the aggregated values TOWith:
Basic Meaning TO With for replacement fuelfuelGasMazutAnthraciteHard and brown coalPatGas–+(0.02-0.025)+(0.07-0.08)+(0.05-0.06)+(0.125-0.14)Mazut-(0.02- 0.025)–+(0.05-0.055)+(0.03-0.035)+(0.105-0.115)Anthracite-(0.07-0.08)-(0.05-0.055)–-(0.02 -0.025)+(0.055-0.06)Stone

and brown coal-(0.05-0.06)-(0.03-0.035)+(0.02-0.025)–+(0.075-0.08) Peat-(0.125-0.14)-(0.105 -0.115)-(0.055-0.06)-(0.075-0.08)–

Specific fuel consumption for electricity using the main type of fuel is determined by the formula:

The specific fuel consumption for heat by power boilers is calculated similarly.

2) Quality of solid fuel –  V quality

Where TOAj, TOWj– relative change , (%) with a change of 1% absolute ash content AR and humidity Wp j-th brand of solid fuel;

, – ash content and humidity j-th grade of solid fuel, %;

j– heat share j-th grade of solid fuel in fuel consumption by power boilers, %;

l– number of brands of solid fuel burned;

, – specific fuel consumption for separate production during combustion j-th brand of solid fuel;

3) Shares of electricity generation when operating double units with one boiler body -:

Where is the share of electricity generated by double units when working with one boiler body, %;

– specific fuel consumption when operating double units with two and one boiler body, g.t./(kWh);

– share of double units in the total electricity generation by a subgroup of equipment, %.

4) Number of equipment starts according to the dispatch load schedule –  V start :

for power units

for cross-braced equipment

INstarti, INT starti, INTo startj– standard values ​​of technological losses in terms of equivalent fuel during startup of power units, turbine units and boiler units, t;

ni– number of starts of power units and turbine units according to the dispatch load schedule;

mj– number of boiler starts according to the dispatch load schedule;

– coefficient of attribution of fuel consumption by power boiler units to electricity production

, (39)
5) Cost-effectiveness of equipment that is in the development stage –  V osv :

, (40)
, (41)

Where p– the number of turbine units that were in the development stage in the base period and which will be in the development stage in the forecast period;

s– the same, boiler units;

– relative increase in specific fuel consumption in the forecast and base periods due to reduced efficiency i th turbine unit currently under development, %;

- Same, j th boiler, %;

i,  j– share of electricity and heat production by each turbine unit and boiler unit being developed,%.

6) Time spent by the equipment – ​​ V res :

Where lWed l, equal to 0.0025 for turbine units operating with back pressure and deteriorated vacuum, and 0.0085 for the rest, % / 1000 hours;

WithWed – average wear coefficient, calculated based on the value With equal to 0.0055 – for pulverized coal boilers; 0.0035 – for boilers operating on high-sulfur fuel oil; 0.0015 – for boilers operating on sulfur, low-sulfur fuel oil or gas, % / 1000 hours;

, – average duration of operation of turbine units and boiler units for the time from the end of the base to the end of the forecast period, h;

i,  j– the share of electricity generation by turbine units and heat by power boilers that have worked for more than 35 thousand hours since the beginning of operation in the total energy production of the equipment group, %;

– gross efficiency factor of boiler units, %.

7) Equipment load graphs (heat loss during stabilization of thermal processes) –  V stbl :

Where TOst– coefficient of change in specific fuel consumption during stabilization of modes, %.

8) Other operational factors –  V etc. .

Among others, the influence on specific fuel consumption of other objective factors not mentioned in paragraphs 28.1 - 28.7 is taken into account, such as, for example:

combustion of non-design fuel types and grades;

converting boilers to burn another type of fuel;

implementation of labor and environmental protection measures, ensuring the requirements of irrigation and fish farming.
^ Physical method for distributing fuel costs by power boiler units between electrical and thermal energy
29. Power plants that use the physical method of distributing fuel costs by power boiler units between electrical and thermal energy, calculate the NUR using the formulas:

for electricity buh :

where is the specific heat consumption for electricity production, kcal/kWh;

for heat energy - according to formula (21) of this Instruction with the value replaced by:
, (47)

The values ​​of amendments to specific fuel consumption are determined by formulas 26 - 45, in which the superscript “p” is excluded from the designations of specific fuel consumption and heat consumption for electricity production.

30. The procedure for calculating electricity consumption for own needs is the same for both methods of distributing fuel costs. Predicted values ​​of electricity consumption for own needs (thousand kWh) are calculated using the formulas:

1) Total:

2) For electricity generation:

Where, – electricity consumption for the own needs of turbine units and power boiler units, thousand kWh;

, – change in electricity consumption for startups according to the dispatch schedule of turbine units and boiler units, thousand kWh

Where, are the standard values ​​of technological losses of electricity during the startup of turbine units and boiler units, thousand kWh; are accepted in accordance with the values ​​specified in the energy characteristics of the equipment;

– amendments to the specific electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of power boiler units for changes in the values ​​of external factors in the forecast period compared to the base one, kWh/Gcal.

3) For heat release:

Where Esteam – electricity consumption for pumps used in the preparation of demineralized water to replenish the non-return of condensate from steam consumers, thousand kWh;

Esteam = Esteam b* Gnev/ Gnev b , (53a)

Gnev , Gnev b – non-return of condensate from steam consumers in the calculation and base periods, t;

Eheat – electricity consumption for the heating plant (peak water boilers, network, condensate and make-up pumps, pumps used for the preparation of make-up water), thousand kWh;

– electricity consumption for auxiliary mechanisms of peak water heating boilers, thousand kWh;

– amendments to the specific electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of peak water heating boilers for changes in the values ​​of external factors in the forecast period compared to the base one, kWh/Gcal.

4) Using the formulas below, amendments to the specific electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of power () and peak water heating () boilers are calculated when changing:

4.1) Structures of burned fuel

Where, – specific electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of power boiler units when operating on the main and each of the other types of fuel burned, kWh/Gcal;

, – specific electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of peak water heating boiler units when operating on fuel oil and gas, kWh/Gcal.

4.2) Qualities of solid fuel:

Where is the change in specific electricity consumption for the auxiliary needs of power boiler units (kWh/Gcal) with a change in the calorific value j-th brand of solid fuel per 100 kcal/kg. The following are aggregated values:

2017-01-15

On January 10-11, 1950, by a “historic” decision of the Commission of the Energy Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the district heating section of MONITOE, a decision was made on “a negative attitude towards attempts to directly “thermodynamically” substantiate one or another method of saving fuel between types of energy obtained...” This is exactly what the political decision worked 50-65 years later, dealing a crushing blow to the fuel-saving energy policy of the entire Russian energy sector

In this decision of the Commission it was stated that “...technical and economic indicators of the degree of energy perfection of thermal power plants must comply with the requirements of state planning, fully reflect the national economic benefits of the combined production of thermal and electrical energy and thereby stimulate its development. They must be accessible to the understanding of a wide range of power plant and factory workers and allow the use of a simple reporting system at all levels.”

It was this political decision, like a time bomb, that worked 50-65 years later and dealt a crushing blow to the fuel-saving energy policy of the Russian energy sector. The “boiler room” of Russia blossomed like a cancer, the heat supply of waste steam to consumers from thermal power plants became “ineffective”, the existing 20-40-year-old heating networks from thermal power plants began to be dismantled en masse and low-efficiency rooftop and block boiler houses were built. Absorption and compression heat pumps, accumulation of waste heat from turbines in the ground, centralized cold supply - all this turned out to be not for Russia, all this was recognized “exotic for scientific dissertations.”

The root cause of the systemic crisis in the development of CHP plants was the “cloudy” NUR of CHP plants - the so-called “standard unit costs” (NUR) of fuel for the production of separate combined thermal energy by a combined heat and power plant and separately combined electric energy by a CHP plant. For state district power plants and boiler houses, the application of NUR is clear and understandable. But very few people can really afford to understand the “murky” NUR CHPP, and those who can...

It's not that they don't have time for impartial analysis, but they become higher-level managers and are forced to strictly adhere to industry regulations, even if they do not meet common sense and science. In reality, technical workers of thermal power plants are paid salaries and bonuses only for “reliable and uninterrupted...” and for the lost market of combined heat and electric energy, top managers will only be reprimanded at the balance sheet commission.

The essence of the “state planning and rationing of the 1950s” was that all fuel savings obtained from the combined production of thermal and electrical energy were fully attributed to the consumers of electrical energy. At the same time, thermal energy with exhaust steam from turbines produced at thermal power plants was obtained with obviously worse indicators compared to boiler houses.

According to the “physical method of 1950,” the NUR of fuel for heat from thermal power plants also included the costs of long-distance heat transport through main heating networks. For this reason, fuel costs at thermal power plants were 5-7% worse than fuel costs for heat from factory and municipal boiler houses (approximately 174-172 versus 165-168 kg.e.t/Gcal), where these electricity costs are for own needs could not have happened in principle.

“Alternative boiler house 2015” is a pure “physical method of 1950” minus “electricity for long-distance transport in heating networks 5-7 °%”.

It is the “physical method of 1950” and its clone - the “alternative boiler room of 2015” - that allows the political regulator of Russia’s tariff policy "legally" with the use of “muddy” NUR CHPPs, reduce the specific fuel consumption for combined electricity generation from the CHPP by half. More precisely, 2.3 times lower than at modern state district power plants, that is, from 320-340 to the level of 140-150 g.e.t/kWh.

It was this solution that made it possible to manipulate statistical reporting in a simple and uncomplicated way, using forms “No. 3-tech” and “No. 6-TP”, and “significantly improve the performance of the Soviet electric power industry” in the political struggle for primacy in comparison with the Western electric power industry.

Here we will allow ourselves a diversion and remember the “Letter to the Editor” by V. M. Brodyansky, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor at the Moscow Energy Institute, a leading specialist in the problems of thermodynamics and cryogenic technology.

Below is his quote:

“The discussion about the distribution of costs and fuel consumption at thermal power plants between electricity and heat has been going on for many years. Now it has taken on a fundamental character and has gone far beyond the private issue of distributing costs for thermal power plants. Essentially — this is one of the sections of the common front of the struggle between the administrative bureaucratic system of managing the national economy and management based on a scientific basis and taking into account the laws of economics. I consider it necessary to express some thoughts related to this long-standing matter.

The first thing that needs to be said is about the so-called “physical method”. It cannot be discussed at all as something that has even the weakest scientific basis. This is a typical product of an era when it was necessary to show at all costs that we are “ahead of the rest.” In relation to energy, this meant that one of the main indicators of its level is specific fuel consumption per 1 kW/h of electricity — “ours” must be better than “theirs”. An ingeniously simple way was found.

It is known from school physics that heat is equivalent to work (the second law of thermodynamics, which explains that this is not entirely true, is not taught in school). Based on this equivalence, it is quite legal, “according to physics,” to write off excess fuel from electricity to heat, since district heating has become widespread in our country. Immediately, without painstaking work to raise the technical and organizational level of the energy sector, we broke through to “first place in the world” in such a simple way. What has caused and still causes smiles among specialists throughout the civilized world is not taken into account by us.

The second question that arises in connection with the above situation is: why do so many energy figures (ministerial officials, representatives of other organizations, the scientific world) stubbornly defend clearly incorrect provisions?

Regarding officials, everything is clear and does not require special analysis: once it is ordered, it means — necessary. But the most interesting thing is that supporters of the “physical method” do not even want to listen to what the thermal power plants themselves say! And they, although they do not know thermodynamics, fulfill the requirements of its laws strictly.

Author's Note: It was this phrase that in 1994 outraged me and, as a self-respecting specialist who had worked at the station for 20 years, forced me to sit down and do the calculations. Over the course of a year and a half, having carried out manual calculations and developed a simple mathematical model of the turbine mode diagram, I became convinced of the absurdity of the “physical method” approved by the state for use. But it is impossible to prove to anyone the absurdity of the technique. Previously there was a political order. Now, in the conditions of the monopoly of the electric power industry, there is no qualified driving force capable of defending the interests of end consumers.

From the experience of Mosenergo, Lenenergo and other Russian energy systems, we know that the heat load can vary within a maximum of approximately 20%. In this range, the increase in fuel consumption for heat supply (with a constant electrical load) ranges from 48 to 82 kg/Gcal. These indicators, obtained by direct measurement, cannot raise doubts.

If in this situation the calculation is made using the “physical method”, then for each gigacalorie it would be necessary to allocate from 160 to 175 kg, that is, two to three times more (“reducing the cost” of electricity in this way). In fact, statistics show that the increase in fuel consumption for supplied electricity ranges from 300 to 400 g per 1 kW/h.

Thus, thermal power plants, knowing nothing about theoretical discussions and instructions from their superiors, give indicators that directly correspond to the exergy distribution, maliciously ignoring the “physical method”. It is possible, probably, even here, with special effort, to come up with some kind of “physical” refutation, but this will not change the essence of the matter.

The third circumstance related to the discussion about the distribution of costs for thermal power plants is the fear that abandoning the “physical method” will negatively affect the fate of district heating, the study of which some experts have devoted many years to. These considerations, while humanly understandable, should not justify the use of an incorrect technique. Further use of indicators that not only distort the actual situation, but also ultimately lead to excessive fuel consumption, must be stopped. This will still happen due to the introduction of market laws in the energy sector. The ratio of electricity and heat tariffs will invariably change in favor of the former.”

Now let's return to the main line of our story. So, by adopting an understandable “physical method” in 1950 in order to show the advantages of the domestic electric power industry in Soviet times and, especially, at the present time, the USSR Academy of Sciences caused heavy damage to the fuel-saving thermal power industry of Russia. But, if during the time of the USSR State Planning Committee, heating as a national program that ensures effective fuel conservation had its worthy development, then with the transition to supposedly “market” relations, it was heating that became an unjustified victim of the super-monopoly of the federal electric power industry and politicized regulators of the energy and tariff policy of the Russian electric power industry.

The management of the electric power industry and the Ministry of Energy, lobbying for the “alternative boiler house” method of thermal power plants, are faced with the task of reducing electricity tariffs at any cost, even at the expense of an unreasonable increase in tariffs for waste heat from steam turbines of thermal power plants, the main consumer of which is the housing and communal services complex. Apparently, today’s regulators of the Ministry of Economic Development, FTS, REC, FAS and the heads of the Ministry of Energy did not know, forgot or do not want to know the sad picture of 1992-1996. Then, during the transition from a planned economy to a “conditionally market” one, due to the absurd “physical method”, a clone of which is the proposed “alternative boiler house” method, there was a massive disconnection of heat consumers from thermal power plants throughout the country and the construction of their own quarterly and rooftop boiler houses began .

With the introduction of the “ORGRES methodology” in 1996, this process was somehow stopped. With the introduction of the “alternative boiler house 2015” methodology, this sad picture of the refusal of heat from thermal power plants will resume again, and especially for steam consumers. Oil refineries and industrial consumers, even with existing tariffs, set the task of abandoning steam from combined heat and power plants, and with the introduction of an “alternative boiler house” they will even more so build their own steam boiler houses.

The managers of the electric power industry and the Ministry of Energy can somehow be understood - they are responsible for the electric power industry. But it’s impossible to understand the motivation of the former Ministry of Regional Development and the newly created Ministry of Construction! After all, housing and communal services already in the period 1996 to 2014 had a small, only 20%, but a reduction in the cost of the fuel component in the tariff - instead of the justified 70%.

The paradox of the strong-willed political regulation of tariffs of the lobbied method of the “alternative boiler house” is that in the production of thermal and electrical energy, the entire huge effect of fuel savings in the amount of 45-48 °% is completely attributed to the reduction of fuel costs for electricity, supposedly improving by 2.3 times the efficiency of the electric power industry from 37 °% to an absurdly unattainable value of about 85%o (from 332 to 145 g.t/kWh). At the same time, heat consumers of housing and communal services, who have a legal technological right to waste heat from steam turbines of thermal power plants with fuel costs three to four times lower, will subsidize the electric power industry with fuel using the “alternative boiler house” method. Instead of real costs, waste heat (about 4070 kg.e.t/Gcal) will be paid for by politically imposed costs of 163-168 kg.e.t/Gcal of the “alternative boiler house” + “main heating networks”.

Western experience

The absurd result of hidden cross-subsidization of fuel is not confirmed either theoretically or practically and is the result of many years of political collusion of the “electric power industry monopoly” with tariff policy regulators. It is characteristic exclusively of the Soviet energy sector, which was part of a planned economy, and then they also try to transfer it to the Russian “pseudo-market” energy sector through “murky” and uncertain standard specific fuel consumption at thermal power plants.

There are no such political somersaults in energy regulation in any Western countries with advanced energy technology! On the contrary, not allowing such a concept as an “alternative boiler house for thermal power plants,” in Western energy they are based on Wagner’s method - the method of “equivalent CES” (condensing power plant).

Here are some quotes:

1. Poland, 1965:“...in accordance with Wagner’s method, the same amount of fuel should be consumed to produce electricity at a thermal power plant as it is consumed at a powerful industrial condensing power plant built simultaneously with this thermal power plant. When calculating, the fixed costs associated with the production of electricity at a thermal power plant should be taken to be the same as the fixed costs in the electric power system where condensing electricity is generated...” .

2. USA, 1978:“The equivalent IES method completely coincides with the cost allocation method used in the United States, where The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) was introduced in 1978. According to this law, electricity produced at thermal power plants or at alternative power plants must be assessed based on the saved costs at large CPPs. The electric power system is obliged to purchase electricity from the thermal power plant at a cost that corresponds to the cost of constructing and operating new power in the system. This law is considered the most successful energy law in US history. It provided significant fuel savings and accelerated the construction of new thermal power plants and alternative power plants...” .

3. Germany, 2001:“...in the GDR, as in Russia, fuel savings during combined energy production at thermal power plants were attributed to electricity, and fuel consumption for heat generation was calculated in the same way as for boiler houses. In a market economy, this gives an absolutely false signal, which resulted in the acceleration of the construction of boiler houses and a decrease in the load of Russian thermal power plants. Fuel losses amount to millions of tons per year. In the methods adopted in Western Europe, the fuel savings of combined cycles are attributed to heat energy, which, of course, increases the competitive ability of CHP plants over boiler houses. As a result, without changing the total costs for the consumer, due to a slight increase in electricity tariffs, the tariff for heat energy received from thermal power plants decreased by a quarter..." .

4. Poland, 1983:“A very simple criterion was proposed to verify the correctness of the method for allocating costs for thermal power plants. It is formulated as follows: the cost of heat produced at a thermal power plant should decrease as the steam pressure at the turbine outlet decreases. In the limit, when the steam pressure tends to the pressure in the condenser, the cost of heat should tend to zero..." .Comment from the author of the article: I draw your attention to exactly “to zero”, and not to 100% of the price of an alternative boiler house (Table 1)!

5. France, 1987: “The main consequence of the tariff modifications is the significant difference in marginal prices between low-load periods, when the marginal price is equal to the cost of fuel, and periods when peaking devices with very high operating costs must be put into operation, and also when meeting additional demand requires the development of new equipment . The marginal cost can thus vary by a factor of 20:1 between the two extremes...” .

When provided with “condensing” electricity from the most modern state district power station and thermal power plant, the fuel efficiency coefficient ( TO pit) for the end consumer from the field of housing and communal services, is no more than 32-35%. The remaining 68-65% of fuel energy is irretrievably lost into the environment, including at state district power plants the heat discharge into the atmosphere through cooling towers is 45-48 % fuel energy, and 8-12% of fuel energy is spent on heating wires and transformers in electrical networks.

Subsidizing electricity production with fuel at the expense of waste heat consumers is illiterate, absolutely pointless and completely deprives investment motivation for the implementation of the latest technologies!

This contradicts all physical laws and is a clear example of a monopolistic conspiracy between the largest consumers of electricity and the electricity complex with regulatory authorities. Without mastering the analysis of marginal fuel costs, violating the principles of continuity of production of thermal and electrical energy in combined energy production, energy regulators (Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Energy, Federal Tariff Service, Regional Energy Commission, Federal Antimonopoly Service) are increasingly increasing the hidden cross-subsidization of electricity with fuel for the account of consumers of waste heat from steam turbines of combined heat and power plants, the country's housing and communal services complex, shifting all unnecessary costs to them.

Later confession of being wrong...

N. L. Astakhov is one of the leading ideologists of the practical 50-year application of the “physical” method from 1966 to 2002, the developer and executor of many regulatory documents, starting with the “Instructions and guidelines of ORGRES 1966”, up to the “Methodological guidelines for drawing up a report from the power plant and the joint-stock company for energy and electrification on the thermal efficiency of equipment RD 34.08.552-95".

Seven years after writing the last instructions on the “Current ORGES Method” in 2002, N. L. Astakhov was forced to admit the mediocrity and fallacy of using the “physical method” and the feasibility and validity of using the exergy method in his article “Some methods for distributing fuel consumption of power boilers Thermal power plant between electricity and heat."

« Physical method. All savings from district heating are attributed to electricity. Specific fuel consumption does not reflect the technical characteristics (fresh steam parameters) of thermal power plant equipment. For the T-250-240 turbine, operating with three-stage heating of network water, and for the R-6-35 turbine, the specific costs for both electricity and heat are almost the same. Based only on the values ​​of specific fuel consumption, it is impossible to answer the question: for what purpose was the fresh steam pressure increased from 35 to 240 kgf/cm2.

The current method. Prediction and analysis are complex. When the TPP operating mode changes, both specific fuel consumptions change.

Analogue of the exergy method. Fuel savings from district heating are entirely attributed to heat. The method reflects the real relationship between the electrical and thermal loads of turbine units, as well as the thermal output (fuel consumption) of boilers. The specific fuel consumption for electricity is almost equal to the specific consumption of the condensation cycle. Therefore, its value for a combined heat and power plant (as well as for a CPP) directly reflects the technical level of the equipment (fresh steam parameters). The forecast and analysis of specific fuel consumption, as when using the physical method, is simple.”

Damage to the country and city from the “murky” NUR CHPP

Let’s weigh the cost of damage from the “alternative boiler room” caused to a settlement, city, or country. The cost of damage to society is determined by the amount of lost fuel savings from the utilization of waste heat from steam turbines, which can be used for combined heat and power supply:

• for modern state district power plants and thermal power plants operating in condensing modes, the fuel saving potential is at least 49-55% of the annual fuel consumption of the state district power plant;
• for modern heating “alternative boiler houses” the fuel saving potential is at least 7580 % from the annual fuel consumption of the heating boiler house;
• for modern condensing combined cycle gas turbine units, the potential for fuel savings is at least 25% of the annual fuel consumption of the combined cycle gas turbine unit

A good example

As an example, let us consider in detail what the energy sector of the city of Omsk lost from the use of the “physical method of 1950” in 1992-2006. An analysis of the technical and economic indicators of the work of JSC Omskenergo in 1992-2006 shows that the use of the “physical method” for calculating tariffs led to the massive disconnection of heat consumers from thermal power plants and the construction of inefficient quarterly and rooftop boiler houses.

Here are the numbers and facts:

1. With the existing reserve of unused thermal capacity (about 2531 Gcal/h or 40% of thermal capacity), JSC "Omskenergo" - Omsk thermal power plants lost about 562 Gcal/h of "live" heat consumers in 2005-2006 alone.

2. In the city of Omsk, in the coverage area of ​​the heating networks of the joint-stock company Omskenergo, more than 18 primitive hot water boiler houses were built, the heat load of which could be connected to the existing heating networks of Omskenergo JSC.

3. The following main heating mains DN 500-600 mm were dismantled and instantly sold: “CHP-4 - TPK” (about 166 Gcal/h), “CHP-2 - TPK” (about 96 Gcal/h), as well as “CHP -5 - poultry farm - village "Rostovka" (about 100 Gcal/h).

4. It is precisely because of the “physical method of 1950” that the Omskenergo CHPP has a very low degree of utilization of electrical capacity - only about 59% (5951 million kWh for 2005 instead of 9940 million kWh for 1990).

5. The number of hours of power use (HHUR) of the Omskenergo CHPP was about 2700-2900 hours/year against the real value of 6600 hours/year.

6. Using the “physical method,” the federal regulator ensured a more than one-and-a-half-fold increase in purchases of condensing electricity from the wholesale energy market (3,020 million kWh in 2005 versus 1,901 million kWh in 1990). Instead of covering only the peak parts of the graph (no more N peak = 1500-2000 h/year), the wholesale market regulator took 99% of the base part of the load schedule N base = 6480 h/year.

Additionally, we will also consider the lost fuel saving effect for Omsk from January 10, 1950 to the present. If in 1950 the political regulator had not imposed the “physical method” on the use, then based on the heating load of Omsk consumers (18.83 million Gcal/year in 2005) and the use of high steam parameters at city thermal power plants (240 ata, 560 °C) the potential for combined electricity generation for Omsk would be 14.123 billion kWh.

This would fully ensure not only the own consumption of electricity directly by all consumers of the Omsk region (9.1696 billion kWh), but would even allow the import of electricity into neighboring regions at the level of 4.953 billion kWh.

The lost fuel saving effect for Omsk was about 35.9%:

100% - 64.1% = 35.9%, that is

8.122 - 5.206 = 2.916 million tce/year.

“Climate template” of the region’s energy intensity

The climatic pattern of the region’s energy intensity using the example of Omsk allows us to clearly and visually show the efficiency of combined energy production at the 130 ATA CHPP - versus the separate production of electrical energy at a modern state district power plant and thermal energy at the best “alternative boiler house” with annual fuel savings of up to 40.3% (Table .2).

From the table 2 clearly shows that a coal-fired thermal power plant of 130 ata can provide year-round electricity generation with NHIM = 8445 h/year (this is 96.4%!) is always more profitable than generating electricity at the most modern state district power plant, even with a pressure of 240 ata and even on gas!

The root reason that these indicators are not ensured lies in the fact that using the “physical methodology” and the “alternative boiler house” the combined electricity of the thermal power plant is purchased with a fuel component not of 336.6 g.e.t/kWh, but at a price “alternative boiler house”, underestimated by 2.37 times: 122.8/86.5% = 142 g.t/kWh.

Conclusions and Conclusion

1. The use of standard specific costs (NUR CHP) and the “alternative boiler house” methodology for combined energy CHP is categorically unacceptable! The cost of an error is up to 237-300%!

2. Modern thermal power plants with steam parameters of 130 ata and specific electricity generation at thermal consumption W = 0.62 MW/Gcal always at 40.3 % more economical than "GRES + boiler house".

3. In terms of electricity, a thermal power plant is always equally economical with a state district power plant with specific fuel consumption of -336.6 g.t/kWh (fuel - coal), but taking into account the fact that they are located in the center of electrical loads and there are no 4-6 % losses in main power lines, they should always be in the base part of the load schedule, and state district power plants - in the peak part of the load.

4. In terms of thermal energy, the specific heat costs from steam turbines of a combined heat and power plant are always approximately three to four times lower than the “alternative boiler house” and amount to no more than 54.14 kg.e.t/Gcal instead of the alternative boiler house 165 kg.e.t/ Gcal

5. To standardize and regulate the technical and economic indicators of thermal power plants, it is necessary to switch to clearly identified indicators: fuel efficiency factor TO power supply [%] and specific electricity generation from heat consumption W[MW/Gcal].

6. The use of NUR has almost completely stopped the introduction of the latest fuel-saving technologies: long-distance main heating networks from nuclear power plants, absorption and compression heat pumps, seasonal heat and cold accumulators in the ground, combined refrigeration supply based on trigeneration (electricity plus heat plus cold), etc.

7. The Institute of Electric Power Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation (USSR Academy of Sciences), the Ministry of Economic Development and the Federal Antimonopoly Service should apologize to the country for withdrawing from practical issues of forming a competitive fuel-saving tariff energy policy of the Russian Federation.

8. To eliminate the system of hidden cross-subsidies, it is necessary to develop and implement a new type of energy product “Agreement for Combined Energy of Combined Heat and Power Plants”.

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2. Bogdanov A.B. History of the ups and downs of heating in Russia // Energy Saving, 2009. No. 3. P. 4247. Internet resource: http://exergy.narod.ru.
3. Brodyansky V.M. Letter to the editor // Thermal power engineering, 1992. No. 9. pp. 62-63.
4. Bogdanov A.B. Boiler installation in Russia is a national disaster // Heat supply news, 2006. No. 10-11 // Energorynok, 2006. No. 3-6. P. 4650. Internet resource: http://exergy.narod.ru.
5. Shargut Y., Petella R. Exergy: Translation. from Polish / Ed. V.M. Brodyansky. Reworked and additional ed. - M.: Energy, 1968. 280 p.
6. Shargut Ya.Ya. Distribution of costs for the production of heat and electricity at thermal power plants // Thermal Energy, 1994. No. 12. P. 63.
7. Kudryaviy V.V. Germany is reforming its energy sector wisely // Industrial Gazette, 2001. No. 7-8.
8. Shargut J. Thermodynamic and economic analysis in industrial energy (in Polish) // Warszawa WNT, 1983.
9. Lesker V. Kalan J.B. Tariff and load management: French experience / EDF (Paris, France), IEEE Transactions of Power Systems. Vol. 2.No. 2. May 1987. Internet resource: http://exergy.narod.ru.
10. Ministry of Energy of the USSR. Technical Directorate for the Operation of Energy Systems “Instructions and guidelines for standardizing specific fuel consumption at thermal power plants.” - M.: BTI ORGRES, 1966.
11. Astakhov N.L. Guidelines for drawing up a report from a power plant and a joint stock company for energy and electrification on the thermal efficiency of equipment RD 34.08.552-95: Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia. - M.: OJSC Firm ORGRES, 1995.
12. Astakhov N.L. Some methods for distributing fuel consumption of thermal power plant boilers between electricity and heat: Jubilee reports. scientific - practical Conf. dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Civil Service IPK. T. 3. - M.: OJSC "Firm ORGRES", 2002. P. 90-97.

News

Work on the new version 325.12.11 of the RaTeN-325 software package has been completed (07/31/2013).

- a new report has been added containing details of the calculation of technological losses of coolant and thermal energy in water heating networks,
- a mode has been implemented for importing (copying) data from reference books “Standard temperatures” and “Temperature graphs” from one enterprise to another,

Work on the new version 323-66.09.1 ​​of the RaTeN-323-66 software package has been completed (07/31/2013). The software package is supplemented with the following functions:

- a new report has been added containing details of the calculation of standard specific fuel consumption for supplied thermal energy,
- the control system over incorrect assignment of initial data for calculations has been expanded,
- The set of configuration options has been expanded.

Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 10, 2012 No. 377 was published and came into force. 12/19/2012 published in the "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" and on 12/30/2012 Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 08/10/2012 No. 377 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 11/28/2012 under No. 25956) "On the procedure for determining standards technological losses during the transfer of thermal energy, coolant, standards for specific fuel consumption in the production of thermal energy, standards for fuel reserves at thermal energy sources (except for thermal energy sources operating in the mode of combined generation of electrical energy), including for the purpose of state price regulation ( tariffs) in the field of heat supply."
With the issuance of the order, clause 21 of the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2010 No. 2485-r was executed. The order introduced changes to the orders of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated September 4, 2008 No. 66 and dated December 30, 2008 No. 323 and No. 325. The changes were taken into account in the software packages RaTeN-323-66, RaTeN-325 and RaTeN323-DES. Work on a new version of the RaTeN-325 software package has been completed (08/16/2012). The software package has been supplemented with the following functions: - the ability to change sorting has been added to steam network passports,
- when calculating steam networks, if negative values ​​appear when calculating SQRT in iterations, a message has been added indicating that the calculation is incorrect. The program “Disconnection of subsubscribers” has been developed,
designed to expand the capabilities of working with subsubscriber outages in the software package "ARM-Teplopredpriyatie" ("ARM-Teplosbyt"). about the capabilities of the program and its cost. All RaTeN software systems have received new certificates of conformity. The software complexes "RaTen-325", "RaTen-323-66" and "RaTen-323-DES" received Certificates of Conformity in the voluntary certification system in the housing, communal and construction complexes of the Russian Federation "ZHILKOMMUNSTROYSERTIFICATION". Certificates are valid throughout the Russian Federation from 04/01/2012 to 03/31/2015. Information and methodological letter of CJSC Roskommunenergo dated March 12, 2012. CJSC "Roskommunenergo" prepared an information and methodological letter dated March 12, 2012 "On calculations and justification of draft standards for specific fuel consumption for supplied thermal energy from heating (industrial heating) boiler houses."
The text of the letter can be found on the website of CJSC Roskommunenergo (http://www.roskomen.ru) in the “Useful information” section. Work on the next versions of the RaTeN-323-66.8.4 and RaTeN-325.12.5 programs has been completed (04/10/2012). In PC "RaTeN-323-66" in the calculation of thermal energy costs for the boiler house's own needs for the component "Thermal energy losses with blowdown water", the ability to delete an erroneous calculation for a boiler in which blowdown is not provided has been added. This feature is implemented by adding a standard function for entering an “empty” value when selecting the type of purge. In PC "RaTeN-325" in the section "Summary calculation of losses" a new form has been added (form. 2), containing detailed information on losses of thermal energy and coolant in water networks in terms of quarters, months, purpose of networks and types of losses. The form is not mandatory, since it is not provided for in the Instructions, but it expands the possibilities for analyzing the calculation results. The option to import data has been added to the PC "PaTeH-323-66" and PC "PaTeH-325". Data can be imported from text files of a given structure. A block for creating adjustment invoices has been developed for the software package "ARM-Teplopredpriyatie" ("ARM-Teplosbyt"). This addition implements the provisions of the letter of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation dated September 28, 2011 No. ED-4-3/15927@. The version with the specified block is provided free of charge upon request to users of the software package who have active support. Work on a new version of the RaTeN-325 software package has been completed. Scientific and Technical Center Kompas LLC together with Roskommunenergo CJSC have completed work on preparing a new version of the RaTeN-325 software package, taking into account the provisions contained in the Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 01.02.2010 No. 36 “On amendments to the Orders of the Ministry of Energy Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 325 and December 30, 2008 No. 326" and the Information Letter of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation and the Commission for Approval of Standards dated December 28, 2009, regarding improving the quality of preparation of calculations and justification of standards for technological losses during the transfer of thermal energy. The new version is free. transmitted upon request to users of the software package who have current support. An additional module "Loading boilers" has been developed for the software package "RaTeN-323-66". The Compas Scientific and Technical Center has completed the development of the additional module "Boiler Loading" for the RaTeN-323-66 software package. The work was carried out in response to numerous requests from users of the software package - heat supply enterprises and expert organizations. In accordance with the “Instructions ...”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 323, the calculation of the group NUR for the boiler room should be made on the basis of individual NUR boiler units, their productivity and operating time by month of the planned year. And the distribution of heat loads between units should be based on the principle of minimizing fuel costs. When determining these parameters, a well-known problem arises, a kind of “vicious circle”: the total volume of thermal energy production of the boiler house is calculated as the sum of output values ​​(supply to the network) and costs for own needs, and costs for own needs, in turn, depend on the volume production and distribution of loads between boilers. This task is not regulated in any way by the “Instructions…”, i.e. goes beyond its scope, which, however, does not negate its mandatory solution when calculating the NUR. For such problems, the iterative method is usually used. But due to the need to carry out a detailed item-by-item calculation of the volume of own needs at each step of the iterative procedure, it becomes very labor-intensive with manual calculations. The "Boiler Loading" module fully automates the entire iterative procedure for determining the volume of thermal energy production of a boiler house through supply and auxiliary needs, as well as calculating the distribution of loads between boilers. Detailed calculation results are presented in the form of a table, convenient for their analysis. These results are then exported to the main part of the RaTeN-323-66 software package, where they are used to calculate the NUR. The RaTeN-325 software package has been supplemented with a new important option. The current version of the software package "RaTeN-325" ensures the calculation and formation of table 6.2 in accordance with Appendix 6 to the "Instructions for organizing work in the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on the calculation and justification of standards for technological losses during the transfer of thermal energy", approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30 .2008 No. 325. The table contains, in the context of sections of the water heating network, data on pipelines and hourly heat losses through the thermal insulation structures of pipelines. Currently, the development of a new version of the software package has been completed, which has been supplemented with a new important option. The formation of four new tables has been ensured, significantly complementing and detailing Table 6.2. The new tables also contain the following data, broken down by sections of the water heating network, monthly and for the year as a whole (total and average hourly):

- standard losses of thermal energy through thermal insulation structures of pipelines;
- standard losses of thermal energy with leakage;
- standard coolant losses;
- total standard losses of thermal energy through thermal insulation structures of pipelines and with leakage.

The new version is distributed free of charge upon request to users of the RaTeN-325 software package who have current support. Work on a new version of the RaTeN-323-66 software package has been completed. In connection with the release of the Information Letter of the Ministry of Energy and the Commission for Approval of Standards dated September 21, 2009, regarding the calculation of NUR for thermal energy supplied by heating (industrial heating) boiler houses, Scientific and Technical Center Compas LLC together with Roskommunenergo CJSC " have completed work on preparing a new version of the software package "RaTeN-323-66", taking into account the provisions contained in the Letter. The new version implements the following main additions: 1. The ability to calculate the CH component "Thermal energy loss with blowdown water" for steam boilers has been provided , having continuous and periodic blowing.
2. The scheme for calculating the CH component “Thermal energy consumption for heating boiler room premises” has been fundamentally changed. In accordance with the Letter, the possibility of separate calculations for the working (lower) and upper zones of the production premises is provided. The calculation of thermal energy costs for supply ventilation and its accounting as part of the MV system has been implemented.
3. The possibility of calculating the NUR separately by type of fuel used by the heat supply enterprise has been provided, and a new output form for such calculation has been introduced. The new version is distributed free of charge upon request to users of the software package who have existing support. Information letters from the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation and the commission for approval of standards dated September 21, 2009. The Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (Department of State Energy Policy and Energy Efficiency) and the Commission for the approval of standards for specific fuel consumption, standards for creating fuel reserves for boiler houses and energy enterprises of the housing and communal services complex, standards for technological losses of electrical and thermal energy issued information letters (clarifications) on September 21, 2009 "On improving the quality of preparation of calculations and justification of standards...". Letters were issued according to the following standards:

- “Specific fuel consumption for supplied thermal energy from heating (industrial heating) boiler houses”;
- "Creation of fuel reserves for boiler houses of the housing and communal services complex and energy enterprises";
- “Specific fuel consumption for supplied electrical energy by diesel power plants”;
- "Technological losses of electricity during its transmission through electrical networks."

The texts of the listed information letters can be found, for example, on the website of ZAO Roskommunenergo (http://www.roskomen.ru) in the “Useful information” section.

All RaTeN software systems have received new certificates of conformity!

The software packages "RaTeN-325" and "RaTeN-323-66", which are significantly expanded new versions of the well-known PCs "RaTeN-265" and "RaTeN-268", received Certificates of Conformity in the voluntary certification system in the housing and communal services sector of the Russian Federation "Roszhilkommunsertifikatsiya" Certificates are valid throughout the Russian Federation and are valid from 04/01/2009 to 03/31/2012.

The expansion of previously existing PCs and their renaming are associated with the issuance of new orders of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 Nos. 323 and 325 and, accordingly, the loss of force of previously valid orders of the Ministry of Industry and Energy dated October 4, 2005 Nos. 265 and 268, which established the procedure for calculating fuel and energy standards standards .

The development of a software package that implements the calculation of standards for creating fuel reserves has been completed.

The Kompas Scientific and Technical Center and Roskommunenergo CJSC have completed the development of the computer program "Calculation of standards for creating fuel reserves in boiler houses." The program implements calculated ratios in accordance with Section III of the “Instructions on the organization of work in the Russian Ministry of Energy to calculate and substantiate the standards for creating fuel reserves at thermal power plants and boiler houses”, approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated September 4, 2008. No. 66.

Structurally, the program is implemented as part of the RaTeN-268 program, widely used by heat supply enterprises, expert organizations and regional government tariff regulatory bodies, which provides the calculation of specific fuel consumption standards for boiler houses.

By order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008. No. 323 approved the “Instructions for organizing work in the Russian Ministry of Energy to calculate and substantiate specific fuel consumption standards for supplied electrical and thermal energy from thermal power plants and boiler houses,” and also declared the order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation dated October 4, 2005 No. 268 to be invalid. In this regard, the developed integrated program received a new name RaTeN-323-66 “Calculation of standards for specific fuel consumption for thermal energy supplied from boiler houses, and standards for creating fuel reserves in boiler houses.” In terms of calculating the NUR, the program implements all the innovations provided for in the Instructions.

The new program is fully compatible with RaTeH-268; when switching to it, automatic transfer of existing user databases is ensured.

A wide demonstration of software systems for calculating fuel and energy standards will take place on April 6 - 8, 2009. in Moscow

CJSC "Roskommunenergo" and the Russian Association "Utility Energy" named after. E. Khizha, with the participation of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, is holding the 42nd seminar-consultation on the topic “Rationing of fuel and energy resources: calculations and justification of standards using new methods” on April 6-8, 2009 in Moscow.

The consultation seminar will cover methodological issues of calculating and justifying specific fuel consumption standards for supplied electrical and thermal energy, creating fuel reserves in heating (industrial heating) boiler houses, technological costs (losses) of electrical and thermal energy during transmission through electrical and thermal networks , arising from the Instructions for organizing work on the calculation and justification of standards approved by the Ministry of Energy of Russia in December 2008.

The annual supply of thermal energy to the network from the boiler house for 2016 amounted to 913.1 Gcal.

The calculation of heat consumption for the boiler house’s own needs was carried out using the calculation method in accordance with the requirements of Section V “The procedure for determining specific fuel consumption standards in the production of electrical and thermal energy”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 323 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 08/10/2012 N 377) and in accordance with the information letter of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated September 21, 2009. The calculation of the total thermal energy consumption for the boiler house’s own needs in the form of hot water was carried out according to cost elements on a monthly basis.

Thermal energy consumption for heating boilers.

Boilers are heated from a cold state.

Loss of thermal energy by boiler units.

The calculation was carried out using q 5 boiler units, taken equal to 6.0% for the Bratsk and KVR-0.6 boilers, 8.0% for the KVR-0.2l TFG boiler from the table values ​​of paragraph 57.1 (Table 10) “Instructions for organization in the Ministry of Energy of Russia of work on the calculation and justification of specific fuel consumption standards...", approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 323.

Other losses.

For hot water boilers, a coefficient of 0.001 is applied.

Thermal energy consumption for heating the boiler room.

In accordance with the information letter of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated September 21, 2009, the calculation of thermal energy consumption for heating the boiler room of the boiler room is carried out in two conditional zones - working (lower) and upper (more than 4 m from the floor level). If the height of the boiler room is less than 4 m from the floor level, then the consumption of thermal energy for heating the premises of the boiler room of the boiler room is not taken into account in the total consumption of own needs, since the amount of heat released into the environment by the boiler units of the boiler room fully ensures the maintenance of the design temperature in the boiler room of the boiler room .

The height of the boiler room of the boiler room is more than 4 m; accordingly, the consumption of thermal energy for heating the boiler room was carried out in two conventional zones - working (lower) and upper (more than 4 m from the floor level).

Thermal energy consumption for heating the office premises of the boiler rooms located in the building is included in the internal needs.

Heat consumption for the boiler house's own needs, according to expert calculations, amounted to 14.5 Gcal (1.56% of thermal energy production).

Based on the calculation of the heat loads of consumers, the calculation of heat losses in heating networks and the calculation of heat consumption for the boiler house’s own needs, the calculation of thermal energy production for the boiler house on a monthly basis was carried out, depending on the average monthly outside air temperatures. Thermal energy production by the boiler house for 2016 amounted to 927.5 Gcal.

Boiler room: The fuel burned is coal, there is no backup fuel. Regular adjustment work was not carried out on the boilers of this boiler house. There are no regime maps. When carrying out calculations, the individual standard fuel consumption rate at rated load was adopted for new equipment according to the passport efficiency - for the KVR-0.6 boiler - 173.8 kg fuel equivalent / Gcal, for the KVR-0.2l TFG boiler - 174.2 kg equivalent fuel/Gcal - taking into account the standard K1 coefficients of clause 49.1 (Table 3) and the aging indicator in accordance with clause 46 (Table 2) “The procedure for determining specific fuel consumption standards for the production of electrical and thermal energy”, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 323 (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 10, 2012 No. 377).

Individual fuel consumption standards for Bratsk boilers are taken from the table values ​​of clause 45 (Table 1) - 213.2 kg equivalent fuel/Gcal, taking into account the standard K1 coefficients of clause 49.1 (Table 3) and the aging indicator in accordance with clause 46 ( Table 2) “The procedure for determining specific fuel consumption standards for the production of electrical and thermal energy,” approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 323 (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated August 10, 2012 N 377).

There are no plans to repair major equipment at the boiler house during the 2016 heating season. Therefore, loading of boilers is carried out according to the principle of priority loading of boilers with the greatest efficiency in accordance with standard characteristics, taking into account minimizing the number of operating boilers.

Operating mode of boiler room equipment:

January, February, March, November, December - the KVR-0.6 boiler is in operation, the remaining boilers are in reserve.

April, May, September, October - the KVR-0.2l TFG boiler is in operation, the remaining boilers are in reserve.

As a result of the analysis of materials and the calculations performed, the value of the standard specific fuel consumption for supplied thermal energy from the boiler house for 2016 was 178.0 kg equivalent fuel/Gcal.