Perennial onions: useful and decorative greens. Perennial onions: name, varieties, photos, cultivation and care The earliest perennial onions

In this article we will indicate certain varieties of onions that are planted in winter.

In the field of modern gardening, there are 4 species that are considered perennial and are planted under the snow:

• batun;
• slime;
• multi-tiered.

Having indicated the most popular types, we will consider each of them.

Batun

This species is the most popular among gardeners.

There are three names for this variety:

• winter;
• Siberian;
• Russian.

In the first year of life, the batun forms a shrub with up to 5 branches. In the next 2 years, their number grows to 60 pieces. After onions reach the age of 3 years, their growth can go in the opposite direction, and the stems go into the arrow, which makes this species unsuitable for further growth.

Leaves or, as they are called, feathers of the batun appear after the carpet of snow melts. The maximum amount of crop that can be harvested under favorable conditions is 3-4 times. The leaf length is from 30 to 40 cm.

Before the shoot starts, the leaves of this variety are very tender, soft and tasty, which makes it special.

If feathers are cut off in the early stages, they can be restored by loosening, watering and proper care.

In the process of following all the rules for caring for this onion, the cut feathers will become identical to those that did not go through the early cutting process.

The next important stage in caring for the variety in question is stopping flowering. When a flower appears on the onion stems, it must be cut off.

When considering the batun bulb, it is worth pointing out that the described variety does not form a classic bulb. Instead, your attention is presented to the false part of the plant, which has the shape of a regular thickening.

Before wintering, onions on which arrows have formed must be removed and the arrows cut off to reduce the risk of carrying pests of this plant.

Disembarkation rules

There are two ways to plant a trampoline:

• onion;
• seeds.

The batun does not have full-fledged bulbs

In the process of planting the onion variety in question using the first method, several rules must be followed:

1. It is advisable to plant onions in specially prepared beds, located at a distance of 15 cm from each other. The onions are planted as deeply as possible so that the head goes completely underground, and only part of the leaves remains at the top.
2. Hill up the plant about 3 times per summer.
3. Water with a mixture of herbal infusion or a mixture of other special products.

Special solutions are needed to protect the plant from pests and reduce the risk of unwanted shoots appearing.

During the sowing process, it is also necessary to follow certain rules:

• make a special bed for sowing;
• arrange the beds at a distance of 30 to 40 cm;
• deepen the beds to 2 cm;
• sow seeds in summer, but no later than August.
• maintain a temperature of 10 to 12°C.
• water thoroughly, as onions love a lot of water;
• It is advisable to frequently loosen and fertilize.

In case of sowing in early spring, it is advisable to:

• choose dry seeds;
• soak them;
• germinate until the first shoots.

Important! If you want to plant onions for a period of 3 to 4 years, it is not advisable to sow them in early spring, as there is a high risk of a large number of plants with arrows appearing.

Interesting! The spring onion is the most frost-resistant: it can withstand temperatures down to – 40°C.

A significant part of the harvest is harvested in the first 3–4 years, then productivity decreases. This species can live up to 10 years, justifying its name as perennial.

Harvesting

In the case of planting as an annual, onions are planted in the spring, and the harvest is harvested in the same season a year later around March.

In the case of planting trampoline as a perennial plant, the first cutting of the tops is carried out in the spring, the second - in the fall. After cutting, the leaves grow up to 25 cm in length.

Benefits of the plant

The batun contains several useful microelements, including the following:

• iron;
• potassium;
• magnesium.

Storage

It is advisable to store onions in a cool place. During storage, it is better for it to be rolled into a ring.

Pests

Like any representative of the flora, onions are susceptible to diseases and attacks by various types of insects.

The first disease we note is dew. It is expressed by a white coating on the leaves. To combat this disease, it is necessary to treat the plant with a special solution containing:

• a mixture of chloride and copper, of which the mixture contains 1%;

Second disease rust. It is expressed by a dirty yellow coating on the leaves. The plaque hardens over time and the leaves dry out.

Third - root rot– the neck of the bulb suffers from it. During the process of complete infection, it softens and acquires an unpleasant odor. To treat this disease, it is necessary to leave only healthy and fully ripened crops during the winter.

The fourth disease white rot. Expressed by fungus, yellowing of leaves. To prevent this disease, it is necessary to plant only healthy plants and well-dried onions.

In addition to the diseases listed, we will indicate a few more well-known ones:

• mosaic– a dangerous virus for onion leaves. It is expressed by white specks and lines. The leaves change, taking on a corrugated appearance.
• black mold- bottom rot. Accompanied by softening and rotting of the bulb and the appearance of a white coating on the bottom of the plant.
• smut- a fungus that appears on the bulb during storage.

Slime

This variety of the onion family is distinguished by its squat location, succulent leaves, characterized by a flat shape and wide size and the presence of a bright flower. It also differs in the mucus released during the cutting of the stem into two parts. According to numerous comments by gardeners, it was this mucus that served as the basis for the name of the described onion.

Planting and care

To plant a slime you need:

• prepare the soil in the fall:
• loosen by 20-30 cm;
• add to soil:
• about 6 kg of humus;
• about 30 g of potassium sulfate;
• in spring about 15 g of fertilizers containing nitrogen compounds;
• sow seeds in open ground from April to May, sometimes in June or July;
• sow seeds in special beds located at a distance of 35 cm from each other;
• loosen;
• water generously.

In the first year of life and subsequent years, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds, loosen and water onions.

During the second year, it is advisable not only to remove weeds, but also to clean away possible other plant debris.

In addition to weeding, the slime needs to be fertilized regularly. Among fertilizers, use potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate in grams.

Before the cold weather arrives and the soil completely freezes, the crop must:

• dig up;
• place in wooden boxes;
• let it freeze.
• after freezing, bring the boxes into a warm space and water them;
• After a month, onions can be eaten.

Important! Frequent cutting of leaves can cause the most tender form, high sugar content and beneficial vitamins.

Reproduction

This process is carried out in April using 5 false bulbs. Parts of the plant are buried to a depth of 35 cm for further growth.

Pests

This onion variety is practically resistant to pests and diseases, therefore, how to deal with them is not entirely known.

This variety is also called Canadian, Egyptian, viviparous, horned.

In the first year of its life, the multi-tier plant resembles the shape of a trampoline with hollow leaves. During the second year, a multi-tiered flower arrow forms on the branches of the onion, usually about 3 tiers. There are small bulbs on the tiers. Such parts, when large, reach 2 cm in diameter. These shoots are located at a height of about 80 cm and leaves up to 15 cm long are born from them. The leaves of the plant are tender and tasty.

Bulbs are the only natural way of planting.

Landing

Harvesting

The harvest is obtained from underground bulbs. Aboveground bulbs are useful only after heat treatment.

Diseases

Multi-tiered grass is often susceptible to disease " false dew" To reduce the risk of disease, it should be watered with herbal mixtures and special solutions. It is also advisable to leave sufficient distance between plants so that they are easily ventilated.

So, we have indicated the most famous onion varieties for planting in winter and examined some aspects associated with them.

Finally, it is worth noting that the advantage of planting in winter is the constant availability of the required species, and, consequently, a supply of useful substances. However, the main disadvantage is storage. Since during this process, good fruits can be subject to disease and complete destruction.

Which are grown in an annual culture. In addition, perennial onions are very good honey plants: onion nectaries emit a strong, pleasant aroma that attracts bees. Therefore, it is advisable to grow onions in a plot for.

Perennial decorative onion

Gardeners use various types of onions, flower beds, alpine slides, lawns, mixborders, and edging garden paths. Onions are so diverse in shape, flower color, flowering duration and peduncle height that it is easy to create a beautiful onion bed that will decorate the garden all season from May to October.

You can collect onion seeds yourself. All you need for this is good pollination. Onions are a cross-pollinated crop, so bees are needed for pollination. Unfortunately, there are now very few bees in the wild. With the participation of wind, pollination is not complete.

For more information on how to grow perennial onions, read the article:

The collection of decorative perennial onions of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding (SibNIIRS) includes more than 50 types of onions. In terms of breeding, 5 types of perennial lek are being actively developed: chives, Altai onions, sweet onions, slime onions, and anzur onions.

Altai onion

The perennial Altai onion is listed in the International Red Book, because it practically never occurs in the wild. The thing is that the local population consumes it too actively. The bulb has excellent cold-hardy qualities and resistance to extremely low temperatures: if it is first frozen, it will continue to grow after thawing.

Altai onion resembles in appearance, it is called “mountain batun”. Altai onion grows very early, produces rich greens, and forms a fairly large bulb weighing approx. 100-120 g.

Sweet onion

Perennial fragrant onion is native to Southeast Asia. In China, for example, 80% of all onion plants are allium fragrant. It is also called Chinese onion, branched onion, etc. This is the latest of all onions, therefore, with a short summer (as in Siberia), the seeds do not have time to ripen. Currently, work is underway at SibNIIRS to develop a zoned variety of Onion, which ripens 2 weeks earlier than its Chinese counterpart.

Slime Bow

Slime onion is a well-studied species of perennial onion. It can grow in one place for 15 to 20 years. With age, the bush of the slime onion ages, the center becomes bare, and the shoots shift to the periphery, which is why the bush loses its decorative effect.

The most successful variety of slime onion is a new variety Waltz (launched in 2016). So named due to the shape of the leaf blade, twisted in a spiral, as if swirling in a waltz whirlwind. The bush does not become exposed, and the onion is always decorative. Used as food and as an ornamental plant. Attractive with both the shape of the leaf blade and beautiful flowering. It blooms in August and attracts bees very well. Another variety of onion Green prized for its rust resistance. It has a very long cutting life for greens.

Slime has a delicate, mild taste, and is especially useful for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the microelement composition, the slime onion does not irritate the gastric mucosa, has an enveloping effect, and is an excellent dietary product.

Read more about varieties, beneficial properties, planting and care rules in the article:

Chives

Perennial chives come in two varieties: European and Siberian. The European variety has a flattened, spread-out rosette, as if pressed to the ground. In the Siberian form of chives, it is more erect, and the period of economic suitability - the period of cutting off green leaves - is longer. The Siberian variety is late-flowering, and therefore the period of green regrowth is longer.

The European form quickly fades, turns yellow and loses its presentation. Although if you carry out regular cuttings of greenery - 2-3 per season, the foliage grows intensively. Cuttings should be done no earlier than from the age of three, i.e. After planting, it is better not to touch the onions for the first two years.

Read about the beneficial properties, planting from seeds and forcing chives into greens in the article:

Bow-anzur

Anzur onion is a collective name that includes 5 types of perennial onions - Aflatun onion, Giant onion, Tall onion, Rosenbach onion and Tallest onion. They are very similar in appearance to each other, differ in botanical subtleties: the structure of the flower, stamens, pistils. Many species in nature are listed in the Red Books.

Anzur onion is one of the earliest types of perennial onions. The first greenery appears while there is still snow, and flowering begins at the end of May-beginning of June. Azuras bloom in June, some species bloom in July, others in August.

The onion is used for food, but it must be cooked correctly. If you try it fresh, the taste will seem unpleasant, excessively bitter. The onions are bitter due to the presence of saponins - special substances that are not harmful, but unpleasant to the taste. Before eating an onion onion, it must be soaked in salted water (1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of water for two weeks, changing the water daily. Then, when the saponins are released into the salty solution, the onion is pickled as usual garlic or onion. It makes an absolutely wonderful gourmet dish. Excellent with meat and fish dishes.

The growing season of the anzur onion is very short: after flowering, the entire above-ground part dies, leaving empty space. Anzur onions are propagated according to the principle of tulips. At the end of August and beginning of September, the bulbs are dug up every 3-4 years. If the onion is not planted, it becomes smaller, goes deeper, and the decorative value of the inflorescences decreases.

Onion hybrids

Onion hybrids are very powerful plants. During flowering, their height reaches more than 120-130 cm. Hybrids produce early greenery and form a bulb. With regular transplantation (planting), the bulb forms quite large. There is a known hybrid of a batun with a multi-tiered onion, a hybrid of a batun with an Altai onion.

Cheremsha

Cheremsha, so-called "bear" onion is a perennial herbaceous plant listed in the Red Book. Valued for its juicy wide leaves and early greenery. Ramson is cultivated and used in plantings.

Altynkol onion

Altynkolsky onion is a perennial onion, common in the wild only on the shores of Lake Teletskoye. A beautiful interesting plant, a type of chives, but more powerful and late flowering. It reproduces very poorly by seeds and by dividing the bush, so it is on the verge of extinction.

Tatyana Steinert, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

Perennial onions (video)

Onion quite unpretentious. It grows in one place for a long time, does not freeze, and produces early greenery. The leaves are fleshy and juicy. It can be propagated either by dividing the bush or by seeds - it overwinters and germinates well.

Slime Bow It also grows in one place for a long time. Propagated by rhizomes and seeds. Flowering with large lilac caps. The leaves of the slime are not tubular, like those of other types of onions, but flat.

Chives - unpretentious, beautiful. Looks good as a border along a garden path. Blooms profusely and brightly with lilac heads. After flowering, the bush is pruned for rejuvenation. It grows in one place for a long time, can be divided by rhizomes, and propagated by seeds. Good for greens, does not freeze at -7 - -5 °C. Produces tender soft greens from early spring to late autumn.

It is convenient to grow perennial spicy onions in your garden plot - fresh herbs are always available, many varieties have decorative properties and decorate the landscape. Most types of perennial onions are winter-hardy, produce stable yields until late autumn, have strong immunity and are able to resist fungal and bacterial infections.

The types of perennial onions are so different that they amaze with their characteristics. Onions are mainly grown for greens. Chives are highly decorative, but their leaves are useful and can be eaten, but their taste will be very different from what you are used to. There are types of perennial onions that taste like garlic.

Perennial sprouts are among the first to appear in the beds after the snow melts. Plantings of perennials withstand winter frosts (down to -40 C), the bushes do not freeze.

Description

Varieties of perennials are grown in different ways: in bushes, in the form of beds or individual rows.

On a note! As a rule, varieties of perennial onions do not form large bulbs, and only greens are used for food.

Distinctive features

Perennial onions are very different from their onion counterparts. Distinctive features:

• Winter hardiness and frost resistance.
• Resistant to onion fly and nematode.
• Grows in one place for several years without transplanting.
• Fruits from early spring to late autumn.
• Suitable for protected and unprotected ground.
• Does not impose special requirements on agricultural technology and soil fertility.

The feathers of young plants are rich in vitamins and microelements. Onion greens are a natural antiseptic and have antiviral properties; it is useful to eat during seasonal ARVI.

Productivity

You can harvest perennials from early spring until the first frost. Feathers are cut from the bushes partially or at one time. Within a few weeks, new greenery grows.

Names of species and varieties

Currently, breeders have isolated about five hundred varieties of perennial onions.

Falve onions have been known and successfully grown in the beds of Russian gardeners for decades. Batun has a number of valuable properties and includes vitamins and microelements.

The onion bush looks sloppy, its decorative properties are weak. The feathers can stretch to a height of up to 70 centimeters, while the stems themselves are wide and delicate. Batun reproduces by arrows. There are different types of batun.

April onion is grown both as a perennial and as an annual plant. Distinctive features and properties:

• One of the first to appear in spring from under the snow.
• The first harvest can be harvested at the end of April.
• Increased content of vitamin C.

On a note! Prone to developing arrows. Does not grow well in acidic soils. Sowing the beds is carried out with seeds, using the “bouquet” method.

May

Refers to high-yielding mid-season salad varieties of batun. Representative of domestic selection. The bulbs do not form; they grow the mayweed for greens. Decorative qualities are weak. The taste is sharp and pleasant. High content of vitamins and microelements.

May batun has strong immunity and is resistant to fungal diseases.

It is grown throughout our country. The bushes do not need to be replanted for several years without reducing the yield.

Withstands harsh winters without snow. The bulb does not form and is suitable for fresh consumption. The taste is sharp, with a piquant bitterness.

Tenderness

Forms a small spreading bush of small height, up to 40 centimeters. The feathers are tubular with a slight waxy coating. It winters well without additional shelter, is not afraid of temperature changes, and has good taste characteristics. Increased content of ascorbic acid.

Seryozha

Used for greens, it does not form an onion, although it is considered an interspecific hybrid of the baton onion and its fellow onion. The feathers are long, juicy, with a characteristic bluish tint. The taste of greens is sweet, rich, slightly spicy.

It is grown only by seedlings. Hilling up and seasonal feeding are mandatory activities.

Fat-leaved

An early ripening variety of domestic selection. It is characterized by winter hardiness and high growth rates of fresh greenery after pruning. The bush is semi-spreading, the bulb does not form. The stems are hollow, very juicy, suitable for making salads. High content of ascorbic acid.

A highly decorative type of onion, planted in flower beds and garden beds. The second name is drooping onion. It can be consumed fresh, as well as canned, dried and pickled.

Green stems remain tender and do not become rough until late autumn. The leaves are thick, wide and fleshy. Rich in microelements, high iron content in onion stems. Used as a folk healer: it pacifies pain, fights inflammation and fatigue.

Green

A high-yielding variety grown everywhere. Does not have any special care requirements. Forms compact small bushes. The stems are flat, wide, juicy, the taste is delicate with a slight garlicky smell.

Dwarf

Frost-resistant variety of slime, mid-season. The stems are wide with a slight waxy coating. It is distinguished by its compact bushes: the height of an adult plant is no more than 30 centimeters. Belongs to salad varieties, grown in flower beds and beds. Fruits until late autumn. Grows well in any soil, does not require watering, and tolerates drought.

Leader

Universal purpose. The bushes require watering and regular loosening. After cutting, new stems grow on the 40th day. Tolerates frosts down to -30 C.

Charm

Excellent as a decor due to the unusual beautiful flowers reminiscent of snow-white fluffy balls. The yield of the variety is average, the bushes are small and compact.

Simbir

Salad

Belongs to mid-season winter-hardy varieties. The purpose of greenery is universal, the yield is above average. It has excellent taste characteristics and a pleasant light garlic aroma.

A treasure trove of health

Long-term yield is combined with high productivity. The greens are tender, mildly spicy, spicy, with an unobtrusive garlic smell. Belongs to early ripening varieties. Possible to grow in flower beds.

Waltz

A new variety released in 2015. Ripens quickly, the leaves are twisted into an original spiral. Does not require replanting for 5 years without loss of yield. It is winter hardy and resistant to fungal diseases.

Multi-tiered

Horned onion is the colloquial name for a multi-tiered type of perennial onion. It was brought to the beds of Russian gardeners from China. The “horned” relative differs from the batun in the type of flower arrow; the greenery looks like an onion.

The main stem of a multi-tiered onion ends in small onions. This is the first tier. Root bulbs should not be eaten. Chinese onions do not accumulate nitrates and contain a large amount of useful components and vitamins. This species does not have a “resting” mode; greens can be collected without interruption.

One of the most popular varieties of multi-tiered onions among Russian gardeners. The upper bulbs ripen to a large size. The shape is round. Likova is classified as an early ripening variety. Prefers neutral soils and plenty of sunlight.

Memory

A productive variety of perennial onion. The upper tier is formed from four bulbs of an original violet-burgundy color, elongated in shape. There is a high content of carotene in fresh greens.

Chelyabinsk

Considered a super early variety. The stems are distinguished by high taste characteristics: juicy, tender leaves with a slight pungency. Chelyabinsk perennial onions are not afraid of frost and harsh winters with little snow. Resistant to a wide range of fungal diseases.

Known since the Middle Ages, where it was used as a medicine and a decorative element for flower beds. It is especially valued in European countries.

Chives means “pruned onion” (translated from German). In common parlance it is often called restaurant onions or chives. It is a small bush with thin delicate leaves and a powerful rhizome. Flower-bearing arrows are beautiful with bright purple inflorescences. Often planted as a hedge or border crop.

Bohemia

The variety is high-yielding. Without transplanting, it can be grown in one place for five years. Capable of producing greens all year round if grown indoors or in a greenhouse. It has high decorative qualities and is a honey plant.

Honey plant

Belongs to Russian selection. It has excellent taste; the stems have a delicate, juicy taste with a spicy pungency. The honey plant is resistant to peronospora.

Chemal

Capable of producing up to 7 kilograms of greenery in one growing season. At the same time, it forms a small compact bush; the leaves grow back quickly after cutting. The taste of greens is pungent. The disadvantage is susceptibility to powdery mildew.

Spring

Forms a powerful, strong, tall bush. Tolerates frost and has good immunity. Productivity is up to 6 kilograms of greens per season, the taste is juicy, with a slight pungency.

Crocus

An early ripening variety of perennial onion. Frost resistance is average, does not tolerate winters with little snow, the yield is high, the stems grow quickly after cutting. It has a high content of vitamin C in fresh leaves.

Shallot

A variety of onion. Brought to Russia from Europe, native to the Middle East. There are several other names: family, Alexandrian, escalot. It is a representative of two-year-old onions. From the seeds, seed onions are grown, which are planted the following year to obtain a full harvest. One seed bulb ripens into a large “family” consisting of 5-6 new bulbs.

Airat

Medium-ripened shallots. The bulbs are yellow in color with a spicy, pungent taste, and have an elongated shape. Capable of raising up to 5 children in an onion family.

Pomegranate

Family onion with early ripening. Resistant to yellowing of leaves, it is able to delight gardeners with delicious fresh herbs for a long time. Red onions, weighing up to 40 grams.

Sturdy

Heirloom onions designed for long-term storage. The bulbs ripen large, oval, pale red in color. The robust plant is distinguished by its ability to resist fungal diseases and is resistant to the formation of shoots.

Vitamin basket

Super early ripening variety. Forms several onion families of 4-5 bulbs each. The color of ripe onions is pale golden. Differs in the ability for long-term storage. Strong immunity to fungal and bacterial diseases.

Emerald

Late-ripening variety intended for long-term storage. Forms 4-5 bulbs in one family, flattened in shape, weighing up to 35 grams. The color when fully ripe is brown-red.

Other types

In addition to the above varieties of perennials, there are other species and varieties belonging to the onion family.

Oblique bow

In common parlance - bitter garlic. Oblique onions received this name for their resemblance to real garlic bushes. It is often used in decorating flower beds and vegetable beds because of its beautiful and original inflorescences. The root bulb cannot be eaten; the greens are suitable for preparing salads and decorating dishes.

Giant

The leaves are juicy, without a waxy coating, suitable for canning and cutting for greens. Able to live in one place without transplanting for more than 5 years. It has good winter hardiness.

Newbie

Winter-hardy variety of oblique onions. The leaves can be pickled and eaten fresh. Grows without loss of yield in one place for more than 10 years. Requires sunlight and is easy to care for.

Used as a seasoning. The second name is Jusay. Popular in Asia, the Middle and Far East. In Russia it is grown as a border plant and in spice beds.

Note: When grown next to berry bushes, it protects plants from aphids and other insect pests.

The bush is low-growing with a horizontal rhizome. A wonderful honey plant. The inflorescences are formed on the arrows and have a pleasant strong aroma. The leaves are flat, not tubular. The arrows, like the leaves, are eaten.

Witch Doctor

Winter-hardy fragrant onion. Produces fresh greens from early spring to late autumn. Honey plant. The leaves are tasty, mildly pungent, and high in iron and fiber.

Fragrant

High-yielding variety with a pronounced garlic aroma. It is characterized by high winter hardiness. Does not require complex agricultural technology and regular care. An excellent seasoning for soups and preserves.

Spicy

Salad variety of medium late ripening. Not afraid of cold weather and temperature changes. Delicious seasoning for salads and soups. Used as part of a flower arrangement on alpine slides.

Altaic

Representatives of this type of onion are listed in the Red Book and are not very common. Grows on soils enriched with calcium and rocks. The second name is rocky or mountain onion. Externally, the Altai onion looks like a batun, is capable of forming up to 30 bulbs on one bush, and has a powerful root system.

Blushing

In Russia, it is distributed in the Caucasus and Crimea. It has high decorative qualities due to its beautiful inflorescences. Forms a low bush, up to 40 centimeters high.

Aflatunsky

Inflorescences in the form of huge purple balls. Forms a bush up to 1 meter high. High decorative qualities. Not afraid of prolonged drought and frost. Honey plant. The bulbs are rich in phytoncides that have an antiviral effect.

Features of cultivation

The variety and type of representative of the onion family is chosen to suit the growing region and the gardener’s goals: fresh herbs, a harvest of bulbs or decoration of alpine hills and flower beds.

Planting and transplanting

Perennial onions are easy to grow. It is important to choose the right place, because this onion does not like transplanting. As a rule, perennials are planted as seedlings in pre-prepared soil and a selected area. The onion should take root quickly, but suddenly something goes wrong, the plant grows slowly, turns yellow, and begins to fade. In this case, try replanting the plant.

The bush is dug up along with a lump of earth and transferred to a new place. It is important to take into account all the mistakes of the first landing.

Site selection

The site should be sunny, soil with a neutral pH. Stagnation of water at the roots is not allowed; the location of the bed should not be in a lowland. Shadow is also undesirable.

Neighboring onion beds can include berry bushes, flower beds, or other herb plants.

Crop rotation predecessors can be anything other than other members of the onion family.

Soil preparation

The soil can be prepared in the fall: dig deep with compost and wood ash. In spring, the beds are loosened and a little superphosphate is added. It is advisable to disinfect the soil with potassium permanganate or scald it with boiling water.

It is necessary to determine the acidity of the soil using litmus paper. If the acidity is high, it is necessary to liming using slaked lime or chalk. Onion plants do not like weeds; they must be removed during autumn and spring digging.

Important! You cannot add fresh manure to the beds; the onions will get burned, turn yellow and die..

Planting scheme

Many types of perennial onions are grown as border plants. The distance between bushes depends on the width of the mature bush being formed.

Family onions are planted according to the principle of planting onion sets, but the interval between onions is increased for a “large family” to 15-20 centimeters.

Deadlines

Perennial onions are planted in autumn or early spring. The choice of timing depends on the purpose of planting and the purpose of the onion beds. Onions are sown for seedlings in mid-March; young seedlings can be planted in the ground from the end of April. The soil temperature should reach +10 C. Planting dates may vary depending on the region and climatic conditions.

Mulching

The spaces between the onion rows are covered with mulch as a preventive measure against weeds and to save moisture. The best option is sawdust, straw or sand.

Dividing the bush

An excellent way to propagate perennial onions is by dividing the bush. The procedure is best carried out in August. The plant is carefully divided, trying not to damage the root system, and transplanted to a new location.

Care

Perennials do not require complex care. If you choose the right place in advance, caring for the plants will consist of weeding and loosening. Watering is usually adjusted to the rainy season.

Weeding and loosening

Watering

After planting plants in the ground, watering is required. Water should not get on the leaves; it is better to water at the root. In the future, onions cannot tolerate excessive moisture and excess moisture at the roots. An outbreak of fungal diseases begins, the leaves turn yellow, and the perennial withers.

The irrigation system is adjusted to current weather conditions.

Protection from diseases and pests

Perennials are susceptible to standard onion diseases: downy mildew, rust, onion fly and thrips. Plants should be regularly inspected for signs of disease.

Preventative treatment includes:

• Spraying the leaves with a solution of brilliant green: 10 drops per 10 liters of water.
• Sprinkling plants with wood ash in windless, dry weather.
• Compliance with crop rotation rules.
• Timely removal of weeds.
In general, perennials are unpretentious; if the location is chosen well, they do not get sick and do not cause difficulties in care.

Top dressing

Perennial onions do not need special feeding. A one-time watering of the beds with bird droppings or mullein infusion during the period of active growth is sufficient.

Preparing for winter

In late autumn, perennials are pruned, the bushes are covered with humus and mulched with straw and sawdust. Plants with poor frost resistance can be covered with spruce branches, which are immediately removed in the spring after the snow melts.




Harvest and storage

To achieve long-term storage of the crop, it is necessary:

• Dry the onion and treat it with an ultraviolet lamp.
• Meet harvest deadlines.
• Stop watering 2-3 weeks before harvest.
• Peel and discard onions before storing.

Not all types of perennials form bulbs and are suitable for long-term storage. This factor must be taken into account when choosing a variety. As a rule, perennials are grown for greens.




If a gardener chooses a perennial to grow for decorative purposes, it is recommended to pay attention to the following types:

• Aflatunsky.
• Oblique.

When growing for turnips:

• Shallot.

For herbs and seasonings:

• Fragrant.
• Batun.
• Slime.
• Multi-tiered.



Some species will fit perfectly into flower beds and alpine hills and will bring fresh fragrant greenery throughout the spring and autumn period.

Subtleties of growing winter varieties

Planting onions before winter has been practiced by gardeners for many years. It is important to choose the right variety. In cold winters with little snow, all plantings may freeze out. Features of care:

• Mulching the beds with humus mixed with sand.
• For the winter, the plantings are covered with fallen leaves or spruce branches.
• In the spring, after the threat of frost has passed, the beds are cleaned and loosened.

Growing winter onion varieties is preferable in southern regions with a temperate climate and relatively warm winters.




Growing by seeds

Any type of onion can be grown from seeds. The peculiarity of the method is that the seed must be fresh, collected no earlier than a year before planting. The germination rate of onion seeds drops quickly.

You can grow seedlings from seeds or plant grains directly into the ground. Pre-sowing preparation includes:

• Calibration and rejection of seed material.
• Seed disinfection.
• Soil preparation and disinfection.
• Soaking and germination.

The timing of sowing depends on the method of cultivation: seedling or non-seedling method, as well as the region of cultivation and natural and climatic conditions.

There is probably no summer resident who does not grow onions on his plot of land. In addition to annual varieties, gardeners also grow perennial onions. If you choose the appropriate type of vegetable and follow the rules of cultivation and care, you can provide your family with not only tasty bulbs, but also herbs for the season. In addition, this activity does not take much effort and time.

There are a huge number of varieties of green onions. They differ in taste, appearance, ripening period and cultivation characteristics. Each variety description has its own nuances that must be adhered to in order to get a good harvest. Due to their attractive appearance, onions are often grown as an ornamental plant. Gardeners value onions because of their ability to ripen early.

The plant contains amino acids and vitamins that the human body needs. The main purpose of planting green onions is to obtain greenery. Onions improve digestion, have a positive effect on metabolic processes and increase the protective properties of the immune system. The vegetable lowers cholesterol levels and removes toxins from the body.

Characteristic

Onions form a false bulb, which, under good climate conditions, continues to produce new green feathers. A short dormant period makes it possible to plant onions in protected ground or indoors.

Popular varieties

Knowing about the advantages of the crop, no one will refuse to grow perennial onions. Greens that appear in early spring are rich in vitamin C, which the body needs after the winter period. There are more than 500 species of onions that used to grow exclusively in the wild. Today, the vegetable is successfully grown by people. Any variety of perennial onion takes root on a plot of land without any problems.



Batun

One of the most common types of perennial onions. Popularly it is called the bow or tatarka. The benefits lie in the components included:

• riboflavin;
• vitamin C;
• potassium;
• magnesium.



Tatarka is not a compact species. The bush tends to grow widely and, at the same time, the greenery bulges in different directions. In appearance, each feather resembles a pipe. It is round along its entire length, and empty inside.

Green feathers can reach a height of 60 cm, and a diameter of 1 to 2 cm. Onions have one unusual feature - propagation using arrows. Their appearance changes the taste of the vegetable. To please your loved ones with dishes with the addition of herbs, it is recommended to cut the flowers when they first appear.



fragrant onion

In appearance, the vegetable is similar to a drooping onion. Its leaves are flat and can grow to a length of more than 50 cm. Fragrant green onions do not change their taste both at the beginning and at the end of the season, which other types lack. The culture is rich in ascorbic acid, but has low fiber content.

The feathers at the site of the breakdown quickly grow back, so the plant continues to produce greenery until mid-November. Bulbs of this species are not eaten. They are small in size. The bulb is covered with a special shell that helps it survive severe frosts.



Slime

Gardeners often neglect this representative of the onion family. Slime or drooping onion has the ability to germinate quickly. Thanks to this, it can be enjoyed in the first days of May. Green feathers are rich in iron and at the same time have a piquant taste containing garlic notes.

The taste of slime may vary depending on the season. At the beginning of germination it is soft and pleasant. At the end of August, the onion feels stiff. For this reason, many gardeners refused to grow it, and in vain. The garlicky taste of the vegetable helps housewives use it in canning. This is a great alternative to garlic.



Penetrating bow is indicated for people suffering from anemia. Has a high iron content.

Shallot

This variety of perennial onion is grown for the purpose of preparing restaurant dishes. Not only the green part is eaten, but also the bulbs. This type is especially appreciated by chefs working with French cuisine. New feathers quickly grow at the cut site.



Outwardly it is similar to onions, so it is difficult to distinguish them. The difference is that shallots have more feathers than shallots. Free of characteristic pungent odor. Therefore, girls often choose it as an additional ingredient in salad.

Perennial varieties of onions are used as ornamental plants, but this rule does not apply to shallots and it is not a matter of appearance. Not every crop can have a positive effect on a vegetable. If the onion doesn’t like the neighborhood, it will affect its taste - it will completely lose it. This fact is confirmed by people who planted onions with unsuitable crops.



Schnitt

Onions also have other unusual names - skoroda or chive. It is used not only for cooking, but also for decorating the garden. A representative of alliums grows well in open ground, front gardens and on the balcony. A distinctive feature is small flowers that look like balls. The color varies from soft pink to deep purple.



Bulb-like flowers appear in late spring and do not disappear until autumn. Perennial chives are used before obtaining greenery on the land. The bulb, which is underground, is unsuitable for food. It may not be dug up and remains in the soil until the next season.

The feathers reach 45 cm in length. They are about 5 mm in diameter. Shredded green empty tubes can decorate even the most boring dish. With the beginning of flowering, the vegetable changes its taste, begins to age, and the arrows themselves become hard. Therefore, it is better to use it for food in early spring.



Growing a vegetable

If a person decides to grow perennial onions, he needs to decide on the territory. It is important to understand that in the next 6 years, the land will be occupied only by onions. Favorable development of the plant occurs in well-drained and loose soil. It should be neutral and slightly acidic. Excessive moisture harms onions.



Preparing beds for culture begins with the following activities:

1. In the fall, the beds are dug up.
2. Fertilizers are applied - phosphorus, potassium or manure.
3. Weeds are removed in spring.
4. Application of nitrogen-based fertilizers.

Growing and care is an important process that should be given due attention in order to get a rich harvest of onion feathers. The land plot should not be in direct sunlight. It's good if it's partial shade. The growing area is protected from spring or autumn flooding.



On average, perennial onion species have a 2-year development cycle. In the first year, the plant pleases with a small rosette with leaves. On the second, flower stalks, fruits and seeds appear. The flowers die off at the end of the season, and the onion develops thanks to the regenerating buds that are in the root system. Transplantation is carried out in two ways: seeds or part of the plant.

Propagation by seeds

As a rule, summer residents place the seed in open ground at the end of winter or early spring. The first sprouts from seeds appear above the soil two weeks after planting. Over the next few months, the onion develops slowly, requiring constant attention. In order not to spend a lot of time on growing, experienced gardeners use the seedling method.



In March, the seeds are placed in prepared boxes with soil. To provoke early emergence of seedlings, planting material is soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate. He must spend at least a day there. Then the seeds dry out.

Seedlings must grow in optimal conditions. Before emergence, the temperature ranges from 20 to 22 °C. If sprouts appear, maintain a temperature of 18–20 °C. Seedlings are planted in open ground in mid-May.



Vegetative method

Onions can reproduce not only by seeds. You don't have to collect seed to grow new crops. Dividing a bush is another effective and easy way to propagate a perennial. Moreover, this option is suitable for any type of vegetable.

The principle of division is simple. To do this, take a bush that has reached 3 years of age and divide it into small bushes. It is best to carry out the procedure in mid-spring or at the end of summer. If a perennial grows on a site for a long time, it is ready to reproduce.



How to grow a full-fledged plant from individual bushes that produces a rich harvest of greenery? To do this, you need to take the separated part with the bulb and place it in the ground to a depth of 8–11 cm. The root system must be developed, otherwise the crop will not take root or will be weak. If, after dividing a large bush, such specimens are present, they are planted to a depth of 5 cm.

Perennial care

Despite its unpretentiousness, the plant needs basic care. The development of the bulb and yield will depend on a person’s interest in this issue.



Watering

Perennials like to grow in moist soil. At the same time, there should be no water standing in the bushes. Excess liquid provokes root rot and damage to the crop. Periodic watering is recommended, which is done after each appearance of a new feather.

Fertilizer application

Varieties of perennial onions like periodic feeding. In the fall, potassium and phosphorus are added, which allows the bushes to survive the winter well. After collecting the last feathers, the soil is enriched with nitrogen. In the fall, apply any other fertilizers.



Attention to the soil

Perennial onions do not tolerate proximity to other crops, in particular weeds. A person must prepare for numerous weeding of beds with greens. During the season, the soil can be loosened. Small pests are not so dangerous, but they should also be gotten rid of.

A competent approach to choosing a variety of perennial onions allows you to provide the gardener’s family with vitamins for the whole season. Successful ones are those that do not require careful care, are resistant to disease and produce a stable harvest. If you eat vegetables regularly, you can increase the protective properties of the immune system.



Perennial onion (name genus in Latin Allium) has excellent decorative, nutritional, and medicinal properties.

The genus includes about 500 species. However, about 200 of them are grown in Russia. Mostly in gardens you can find garlic, shallots, leeks, and onions. Such varieties of perennial onions, such as fragrant, slime, chives, wild garlic, batun, oblique, multi-tiered, etc., unfortunately, do not enjoy such popularity.

Properties

Varieties of perennial onions differ not only in taste, but also in the characteristics of cultivation, appearance, and ripening periods.

They can be planted in flower beds and garden beds - some varieties are in no way inferior to ornamental plants in their aesthetic qualities.

Most gardeners appreciate varieties of perennial onions (photo some of them can be seen in the article) their ability to ripen early. Indeed, in the landscape that has not yet turned green at the beginning of spring, only young, succulent onion shoots stand out noticeably.

This plant is rich in vitamins and essential amino acids. As a rule, they are planted. After all, the substances it contains have a positive effect on metabolic processes and immunity, and essential oils improve digestion. In folk medicine, the properties of these plants to increase hemoglobin and promote the removal of excess cholesterol from the body have long been known.

Perennial bows Many summer residents also plant them for decorative purposes. Plants perfectly complement a flower bed, borders along paths, or an alpine slide. Flowers attract pollinators, so nearby crops will not be deprived of the attention of bees.



Characteristic

Perennial bows frost-resistant - they can withstand temperatures down to -40 degrees. Plants are practically not susceptible to diseases and are resistant to pests. In addition, the crop produces a good harvest for 3-5 years even with repeated cutting.

U perennial onion A false bulb is formed. Under favorable climatic conditions, it continuously produces leaves. The dormant period is quite short, so crops can be grown indoors or on protected ground.

In open space, a plot isolated from the main crop rotation is perfect for perennial onions (pictured Below you can see where the crop grows). This site will be used for about 5-6 years. It is important to protect it from flooding in spring and autumn.

Onion roots are string-shaped. They lie at a depth of about 20-30 cm. Accordingly, the soil on the site should be highly fertile, slightly acidic or neutral (pH 6-7), and have a light composition. Rhizome and root weeds will greatly interfere with growth, so they must be removed. If there is horse sorrel or horsetail on the site, then liming is necessary before planting onions.



Perennial onions: cultivation and care

Soil preparation is carried out in the same way as for onions. In the autumn, manure, compost or humus is added for digging at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m2. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are also used. In the spring, nitrogen nutrient mixtures are added under the rake.

Perennial bows You can sow, or you can propagate by divisions. The seeds of the crops are small (especially chives) and have low germination rates. It is recommended to plant fresh seeds. If they lie down, the germination rate will drop below 80%. In this case, it is necessary to increase the seeding rate. Before adding to the soil, the seeds are disinfected.

Growing perennial onions in general, it is not accompanied by difficulties. Seeds are placed on ridges, ridges or flat surfaces. It depends on the type of soil. The first two methods are used on cold ground and in lowlands. Sowing in open ground begins in April-May. In this case, it is necessary to mulch with humus or peat in a ratio of 0.5 kg per 1 m 2 of soil. In the spring and summer, cuttings and seedlings are planted.

In the second and subsequent years, you need to regularly feed the crop. In early spring, as well as after cutting, 10 g/1 sq.m. is applied. m. potassium and nitrogen mixtures and 15 g of phosphorus.

During the first year, a plant with 1-3 branches is formed. Next year, flower arrows with spherical inflorescences will begin to appear in the same quantity.

By the end of April - beginning of May, the first to appear are baton, chives and multi-tiered onions. A little later, the fragrant and slime sprout.

To obtain a harvest in winter, in the fall you need to select three- and four-year-old planting material and dig it up. Plants are placed in boxes, sprinkled with peat or soil. Before planting, they must be stored at a temperature of 0 to 2 degrees.

Schnitt

Varieties of perennial onions so many. We will focus only on some of them. It's worth starting with chives.

This variety is also called chisel or skoroda. Chives are used primarily for decorative purposes. It is grown by many gardeners throughout most of the country.

On average, the life cycle of chives is 3-5 years. This plant reproduces well by seeds, self-sowing, hummocks of bulbs, and forms overgrown turf.

The size of the bulbs is small. They are not eaten. The value of this plant is the narrow, hollow, slightly rough feathers. Their width is about 2-7 mm, and their height is about 40 cm. Onion greens will remain tender and will not harden if you cut them in a timely manner.



Schnitt flowers are spherical. The shades are very diverse - from pink to purple. Flowering does not affect the quality of the life cycle. This period falls on May-August.

Chives are a very unpretentious plant. It successfully takes root in the northern regions. However, the crop requires abundant watering.

Some gardeners plant it exclusively for greenery, others use the plant to decorate the site. Chive islands effectively highlight borders; They also look great on alpine slides. In the latter case, it is preferable to plant onions on the eastern and southern sides.

Varieties of chives

They are selected depending on the climatic characteristics of the region:

• Crocus and Bohemia bear fruit well. They do very well in regions with warm winters.
• Vitamin, Honey plant, Sonnet are frost resistant.

Preparing for winter

When preparing, the plant is cut almost to the root. It can be transplanted into a pot and left for 2 months. In winter, the seedling will produce fresh greens.

Schnitt is one of the first to appear after the snow melts. In early spring, the leaves of the plant are very soft, and in early summer they become coarser and become tough. By the beginning of the flowering period, they become pungent and are almost not eaten.

shallot

This species is considered one of the delicacies. Shallots are valued for their delicate aroma and sweetish taste of the leaves. The bulbs of the plant, although rare, are also used as food. The plant is especially popular in France.

Shallots are typically grown for their greens. It has a lot in common with onions. At the same time, shallots are more branched, and small oblong bulbs form nests. They are fairly easy to separate when digging. The next time they are planted, they multiply very well. The ability to quickly renew allows shallots to be grown on an industrial scale.



Features of the view

Shallots, unlike a number of other perennial onions, are a demanding plant. It requires a special area. Shallots are not suitable for growing for ornamental purposes. Neighborhood with annual onions can lead to the degeneration of shallots and loss of their taste.

The most common varieties in Russia can be considered Siberian Yellow, Sprint, Druzhnaya Semeyka, Banana, Delicatessen.

Most shallot varieties are suitable for planting in the middle zone of the country. In addition, it tolerates cold well; its bulbs remain viable even at very low temperatures. Therefore, it can often be seen in gardens in the Far East and Siberia.

Bulbs for the next planting are usually dug up at the end of summer. To get juicy greens, it is recommended to sow immediately after the snow melts. To ripen the bulbs, sowing is carried out under the first snow, in the fall.

Perennial onion batun

It is considered one of the most common types. Batun is grown in almost every garden. This species is also called Tatara or Dudcha.

As a rule, the batun is planted in a separate bed. The plant takes root well next to flower crops.

The batun has a very branched bush, with succulent, long, fist-shaped leaves. Their height reaches 60 cm. You can cut greens from spring until the end of the season.

In terms of taste, the batun is in no way inferior to onions, but in terms of the amount of useful substances it is the undoubted leader. The batun contains ascorbic acid, potassium salts, riboflavin, etc.



The crop propagates well by seeds obtained after flowering. The plant can be grown in one area for 6 years if it is properly watered and fed regularly.

The most common varieties are Baikal, Izumrud, Trinity, Totem, Molodets, Russian Winter, Maysky, April, etc.

Slime

It is also called drooping onion. The slime emerges immediately after the snow melts. At the beginning of April, the greens are already suitable for eating.

Slime is considered one of the earliest species and the leader in the amount of iron. Onions have a rich, mild taste that does not change throughout the season.

Slime grows as a low bush. Its leaves are succulent and pale green in color. After cutting, they quickly recover. Blooms with large purple single balls.

Compared to other perennial onions, the yield of slime is not very high. The average life cycle is 4 years. Upon completion, the plant is replanted and well fed.

Reproduction is carried out by seeds.

Among the main varieties, Vitamin Glade, Leader, and Fount of Health are especially popular.

Slime is often grown for decorative purposes. It is planted on alpine hills, in flower beds.

Uksun

This species is rarely found in the areas. Vinegar is also called mountain garlic. Externally, it is close to garlic. It has the same thick stem, from which alternately flat leaves emerge. Their thickness reaches three centimeters. However, vinegar blooms like all onions.

This culture is distinguished by its taste properties. It tastes like both garlic and onion. The leaves are ready for consumption at the end of May. However, by the end of the summer the leaves become hard. They are used instead of garlic in canning.

Multi-tiered bow

This species is the only viviparous one. Its bulbs ripen above the ground and produce new leaves. The multi-tiered bow is also called Egyptian, horned, or walking.



During the first year it resembles a batun. In subsequent years, the development of the bow occurs with the help of arrows.

Greens can be eaten throughout the season. All summer it does not lose its properties. Multi-tiered onions have a spicy, pungent taste.

The bulbs can also be eaten. They are also used for sowing. The bulbs take root well in the ground. They form nests like shallots.

Main varieties: Pamyat, Odessky winter, Likov, Gribovsky 38.

It is worth saying that multi-tiered onions are not planted for decorative purposes and next to other varieties.

Cheremsha

This species has become popular due to its early ripening period. In early April, you can eat the first greens. Wild garlic is also called wild garlic or bear onion.

After flowering is completed, active growth of the crop stops. Wild garlic bulbs are not used in cooking. The leaves of the plant are similar to the leaves of lily of the valley.

The most popular varieties are Bear and Bear's Ear.

Wild garlic is not grown as a garden decoration. At the same time, it feels great next to berries and fruit crops. The plant contains phytoncides - substances that repel pests.

fragrant onion

It is rich in fiber and vitamin C. The leaves of the plant are belt-shaped.

During the first year, 2 shoots with 3-6 leaves are formed on each. Their length is about 30 cm. In the second year, flower arrows are formed. White flowers are collected on them in a simple umbrella. They smell nice.

Among the varieties, Stargazer is popular. The dark green leaves of this plant grow up to 60 cm quite quickly. The leaf width is 1.5 cm. A promising (new) mid-season variety called Piquant has also been introduced. It contains more vitamin C and is more frost-resistant.