Do-it-yourself water heating schemes for a private house and some design nuances. Heating a country house with different boiler options: solid fuel, liquid fuel, electric, gas The most efficient heating system

Modern industry offers private home owners a variety of heating options: from solid fuel boilers to hydrogen generators and solar panels. However, choosing a heating system is far from the easiest task, since here you need to be guided by several criteria at once, which are worth considering in more detail.

Heating options for a private home

Schematic representation of the heating system of a house

We can distinguish the main types of fuel (energy) that can be used for heating:

• coke, firewood, coal (solid fuel materials);
• gasoline, diesel fuel (liquid fuel materials);
• electricity (it is also generated by solar panels).

Traditional types of fuel (coke, coal, firewood) are considered morally obsolete. Besides, their use is limited by the virtual impossibility of automating the heating process. A conventional wood-burning stove, for example, requires “refueling” with wood once every 6-7 hours, more advanced pyrolysis boilers operate non-stop for 10-12 hours.

Gas- is currently the cheapest fuel (at least for residents of Russia), but its use in remote settlements is not always possible due to the banal lack of a gas pipeline.

If you cannot connect to the main gas pipeline, it is still possible to autonomously heat your house with gas using a gas holder!

Conducting a separate branch to a small settlement is not economically feasible. It is for this reason that Russia, the leader in world gas reserves, is not even among the top twenty countries in terms of the level of gasification of the territory (and this is fully explained by objective reasons).

Liquid fuel has two significant disadvantages:

1. high cost;
2. danger of use.

However, if you use automotive antifreeze as a coolant when using liquid fuel for heating, you can save significantly. The fact is that such a coolant heats up extremely quickly, retaining heat for several days. In general, if you make a calculation based on the area of ​​the house, then the use of liquid fuel is sometimes even completely economically feasible (however, not every type of antifreeze is suitable).

Electricity- the most convenient type of coolant in terms of technical implementation, but it is expensive, and price increases occur regularly. Many people can give the example of solar panels. However, here we must take into account the following factor: of course, the country house in this case will be able to heat itself.

Standard solar panel on the roof of a house

But the cost of solar collectors is very high, and their operational life usually does not exceed 7-8 years. And most of the territory of Russia lies in a temperate climate zone with a relatively small number of sunny days a year.

Criteria for choosing a heating system

When choosing the optimal heating system for a private home, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

• the presence or absence of a main gas pipeline (about 67% of the territory in Russia is gasified);
• availability of fuels;
• approximate consumption of thermal energy (calculated in kW per square meter of area, if water is used as a coolant, then calculations are carried out in Gcal);
• presence/absence of communications (branches of main electrical networks, etc.);
• autonomous or connected to central heating networks.

Of course, it is necessary to take into account a lot of secondary criteria, such as the material from which the house is made, the climatic features of the area (for example, in the Far North it is simply physically impossible to use liquid fuel for heating, which loses its flammability already at -30C° - -35C °).

Pros and cons of different heating systems

Solid fuel

Solid fuel heating systems are the oldest and most traditional. Of course, in modern houses there are usually no stoves, but solid fuel boilers are widespread.

Their advantages include the following :

For a more visual representation of efficiency, the following data can be provided (calculated for a boiler heating 100 m² of living space)

• the average cost of heating a house for one month with a gas boiler is $10-$12;
• electric heater – 12$-20$;
• solid fuel boiler – 5$-7$.

Solid fuel heating systems also have disadvantages. :

• The efficiency of a boiler or furnace never exceeds 65%-70%, and to achieve the maximum coefficient, special combustion conditions are required (almost complete vacuum);
• minimum degree of environmental friendliness (presence of soot, soot, and other sediments);
• unsafe use (you must constantly ensure that carbon monoxide does not enter the room - you can use a special sensor for this);
• different frequency of fuel loading, depending on the brand of boiler;
• a rather expensive pump often breaks down;
• the need for auxiliary devices such as a boiler and heat storage tank.

When using solid fuel boilers, the Ministry of Emergency Situations recommends installing sensors to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide in the room. This can be a lifesaver for forgetful owners.

Liquid fuel

Diesel and gasoline are usually used as liquid fuels for heating. True, sometimes alternative fuels can be used: aviation kerosene, oil refining waste (fuel oil) and others. So, “exotic” is good only if the owner of a private house has access to a large amount of such fuel, and also neglects environmental standards: the same fuel oil can make the room so smoky that it will no longer be possible to clean it with your own hands.

Liquid fuel boiler: inside view

Advantages of an liquid fuel heating system:

• almost complete automation of the entire system;
• availability of fuel (not in the material, but in the physical sense);
• independence from external energy sources;
• relatively high efficiency (efficiency in liquid fuel boilers can reach 95%).

Unfortunately, the liquid fuel heating system has many more disadvantages than advantages:

• the high cost of the boiler itself and the burners for it (for example, the price of one of the most inexpensive boilers of this type, Kiturami STS 13 Oil, starts in Russia from $700-750, and its maximum power is quite small - 16.8 W);
• the relatively high cost of diesel fuel (the cost of “diesel” at domestic gas stations ranges from 45 to 52 cents);
• the need for a special room for using the boiler, as well as fuel containers;
• too much pressure is created in the boiler, the pressure of which must be manually adjusted all the time;
• the specific smell of the fuel itself and its combustion products;
• When gasoline or diesel is burned, sulfur oxide is released (up to 3% of the burned volume), which leads to metal corrosion and rapid boiler failure.

Electrical

Electric heating systems can be divided into 2 types:

1. electrode;
2. induction;

Electric boiler connection diagram

Electrode involve the use, as you might guess, of an electric boiler. The advantages here include simplicity of design, relatively low cost, high efficiency and minimal heat loss. But the disadvantages are also very significant: electric current can shock a person (the presence of an open electrode is always dangerous), low power and the need to prepare the coolant itself (antifreeze or water) to achieve its maximum thermal conductivity.

Induction They carry out heating this way: the coolant in them is heated by an induction element (the principle of operation is similar to the operation of a conventional electric heater), which begins to produce heat using a current that occurs when a magnetic field appears inside the boiler tank (the system is quite complex). Induction boilers have several advantages: a high degree of safety, the absence of separate heating elements that can break; rapid heating of water and its supply through pipes to all rooms, higher efficiency. Disadvantages include high cost and lack of natural ventilation inside the boiler.

Operation of an induction electric boiler

Gas

Gas heating systems have the following advantages:

• gas is the cheapest fuel in Russia, if you do not take into account coal and coke;
• high efficiency (up to 99%);
• long service life (a cast iron boiler can last at least 30 years, a steel one - 50 years).

Negative sides:

• installation of a boiler of this type must be carried out under the control of special services (technical inventory bureau), the design and layout will also have to be coordinated with various authorities;
• Seasonal pressure surges in main gas pipelines can damage equipment.

Features of using heating systems depending on the material of the house:

Ideal for a wooden house– gas boilers, since wood will not absorb combustion products, soot and other deposits will not appear on it. For brick and foam block houses, everything is different. If the house area is from 200 m², it is better to use solid fuel heating systems; for buildings with an area from 100 m² to 200 m² - electric. Smaller residential buildings can also be heated with liquid fuel systems.

Calculation of gas boiler power and choice of coolant

For rooms with a ceiling height of up to 3 meters, the boiler power must be determined as follows: 1 kW of power per 10 m² of territory. You should be careful with gas boilers: the fact is that manufacturers indicate their power based on the optimal gas pressure in the pipeline (this is approximately 13-15 bar). In fact, the pressure is very often much lower, which is why the boiler will work only at a third of its real value.

If the house has a large area, then you should not buy one powerful boiler: it is better to buy several, but of lower power

Gas boiler power calculation

Well, it’s better to entrust such work to a specialist, since he will also pay attention to the following criteria:

• wall material, as well as their thickness;
• number of residential and non-residential, auxiliary premises;
• number of window openings and their size.

As for the choice of coolant, it is better to give preference to water rather than antifreeze: the latter can come into chemical contact with some materials (including plastic) that make up the pipes. And despite the savings (antifreeze retains heat longer than water), you can end up losing due to frequent replacement of heating pipes. Antifreeze is more relevant for large, non-residential structures such as industrial enterprises, shopping centers and other facilities. What kind of heating to use is up to the consumer.

Video

Watch a video about installing heating systems in a house.

Despite its apparent simplicity, competent and correct organization of heating is quite a complex task, especially for non-professionals. If you don’t have the necessary skills, or unexpected surprises in the form of the need to redo the work in the future, turning to specialists in the installation and design of home heating systems will help - in Moscow and the regions it should not be a big problem to find qualified installers. Therefore, you first need to decide whether it is worth developing a heating scheme for a private house with your own hands or turning to professionals.

Without specialized education, it is very difficult to perform calculations and installation Source nehomesdeaf.org

In general, in order to have high-quality heating at home, you can go in the following ways:

Contact a specialized service that will carry out both the creation of a heating scheme for a private house by the designer and the installation work;

Order partial execution of installation work by specialists;

Get professional advice and install heating in a private home yourself.

Regardless of the option chosen, you should imagine the entire installation process in stages. Even if you don’t have to do anything yourself, it never hurts to monitor the progress of the work being done.

What is home heating?

This is a set of engineering components designed to receive heat, transport it and maximize its efficiency in the desired room, in order to maintain temperature conditions there at a given level. Comprises:

Converter of stored fuel energy into heat (boiler);

Coolant transportation systems (pipes)

Shut-off and control valves (faucets, manifolds, etc.);

Devices for transferring heat to air or a hard surface (battery, heated towel rail, heated floor).

Sample project for installing a heating system for a private home Source yandex.ru

What is burned in boilers

The choice of boiler is initially made according to the type of fuel from which it extracts thermal energy:

Gas is a simple and inexpensive heating solution. The use of this type of fuel allows you to fully automate the heating process, subject to high-quality installation and configuration of the equipment;

Solid fuel is most often used in populated areas where there is no gas pipeline. Used: firewood, briquettes, coal or pellets. These types of boilers have a disadvantage - it is impossible to fully automate the heating process. They require the combustion chamber to be filled manually every 10 hours and a separate place to store the fuel. They also need to be cleaned periodically. An intermediate solution is to use an automatic dispenser - autonomy in this case depends on the size of the bunker. In some cases, it is possible to increase the operating time of the boiler without adding fuel to 5-12 days;

Electricity is the leader in terms of cost, and at the same time in terms of convenience and environmental friendliness of use. The main advantage of such devices is the ability to fully automate control. Also, such boilers require virtually no maintenance;

Liquid fuel (gasoline, diesel) is most often used in places where there are no other energy sources. The efficiency of such boilers is about 80%, which makes them relatively economical.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer heating and water supply services country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Video description

Comparison of fuel types in this video:

If there is no gas - pellet boilers BIODOM

If gas is supplied to the house, then it is almost guaranteed to be the optimal heating solution. But if there is no gas, even if there is a central highway nearby, then a prudent owner will consider not only the cost of heating, but will also add in the cost of connecting a gas pipeline to the house. In this case, pellet boilers look more economically profitable. Moreover, there are now innovative solutions on the market to automate their work.

It would seem that the evolution of pellet boilers stopped in the early 2010s, when manufacturers introduced screw feeding technology, which made it possible to significantly simplify the management of the home heating system. Everything that manufacturers have come up with in recent years was more like complicating the boiler for the sake of the complication process itself, rather than helping the boilers themselves become better and more efficient.

It seemed that it was impossible to improve the efficiency of pellet combustion and simplify the process of installation, startup and operation of pellet boilers. But in 2017, the BIODOM company appeared on the Russian market with its development - pellet boilers with BIOLOGIC technology. Back in 2004, having developed and patented its invention, this European company, overcoming the difficulties of an unknown brand, brought its know-how to the masses - a pellet boiler, all interaction with which consists of adding pellets and pressing the “Start” and “Stop” buttons.

BIODOM engineers paid a lot of attention to the energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the boilers they produce. Source biodom-ural.ru

Today, BIODOM boilers with BIOLOGIC technology are time-tested, and invariably, from year to year, they prove their uniqueness and performance. One of the main secrets is the use of solutions used in modern cars and their processing to control the combustion of solid fuel, which has become a unique novelty that has solved most of the problems in the industry.

• Boilers have become compact - space can be allocated for them in a house of any size.
• Installation has become as simple and time-consuming as installing an electric boiler.
• The chimney was reduced to the smallest possible size and became the same as that of a gas wall-mounted boiler.
• Activating a new BIODOM pellet boiler is easier than starting a microwave - after pressing the “Start” button, reliable automation will do the rest, including adjusting for pellet quality.
• The cost of installation and operation is one of the lowest compared to boilers operating on other types of fuel.

Video description

For a clear overview of the operation of the BIODOM boiler, see the following video:

Coolant transfer devices

For use as a coolant, a universal solution in terms of price and efficiency would be to use ordinary water. True, such heating systems in private homes will require the installation of additional equipment. It includes the following elements:

Capacity to compensate for the expansion of liquid when heated (open or membrane type);

Circulation pump;

Hydroarrow;

Buffer tank;

Collector. Needed if a beam distribution system is used;

Container for indirect heating;

Sensors and devices for taking their readings (if automation is used).

Note. The expansion tank is an integral part of the water heating system. It must be installed without fail.

When water is heated, it increases in volume, which in a confined space increases the pressure in the pipes and often provokes their rupture. An expansion tank into which excess water is forced out helps to avoid such consequences.

This is what the expansion tank looks like in the system Source infourok.ru

The circulation pump ensures the movement of coolant through a network of pipes. The use of several pumping units for a large number of circuits is possible due to the installation of a separating hydraulic arrow or a buffer tank, which simultaneously serves as a heat storage tank. The use of such equipment is especially indicated for multi-storey private houses.

Distribution manifolds are most often installed to power heated floors or when connecting radiators using a radial circuit. As for the tank for indirect heating, it is a container with a coil that heats water for hot water supply needs.

Measuring instruments are installed for visual monitoring of temperature and pressure in pipes. To ensure automation of the heating process, pressure sensors, temperature regulators and controllers are installed.

Types of batteries by shape and material

There are various types of heating devices on the market, each of which has its own design features and characteristics. When installing heating in a private home, an important condition for the correct operation of the entire installation is the competent selection of the heating unit.

Properly selected batteries are the key to uniform heating of the room Source zerocreation.ru

The following types are distinguished:

Sectional batteries made of cast iron. Their disadvantages are bulkiness, unsightly appearance, possible violation of the integrity of the joints between sections, as well as a low degree of heat transfer; In return, they are resistant to pressure changes and have an impressive service life.

Sectional batteries made of bimetallic materials. The radiator sections are made of light alloy metal, and their inner part is lined with stainless steel. They are distinguished by durability, practicality and aesthetic appearance. Unlike cast iron radiators, bimetallic ones can withstand higher pressure;

Sectional batteries made of aluminum are made of light alloy metals without the use of steel. They have high thermal conductivity, and the operating pressure is comparable to that of cast iron radiators;

Panel batteries made of steel. They are non-separable welding structures with decorative cladding and have high heat transfer rates. The disadvantages include low operating pressure, which limits the scope of application.

• A convector is a pipe with fins designed for the same pressure as in the main pipelines.

Important! The use of steel pipes for hidden installation of liners is strongly discouraged. It is also prohibited to join different materials together - a common mistake is connecting copper pipes to aluminum radiators.

The pipelines through which the coolant enters the heating devices can be made of polymer and combined materials, copper or steel.

Pipelines and splitters made of various materials Source kvadro72.ru

The basis for choosing any autonomous heating circuit is the purchase of a boiler that has the necessary design and runs on a specific type of fuel. Main selection criteria:

Reliability and safety;

Operating on a commonly available type of fuel;

Compact dimensions;

Ease of maintenance and adjustment;

Maintainability;

Video description

In our video we’ll talk about heating in a private country house. Our guest is the author and presenter of the Teplo-Voda channel Vladimir Sukhorukov:

Safety is an absolute advantage of a water heating system. But besides the positive aspects, it has disadvantages:

• The difficulty of heating large rooms due to significant heat loss during the circulation of coolant through the pipes;

Additional costs for hiding an extensive network of pipes and heating devices under the cladding to preserve the aesthetics of the appearance of the rooms;

Large battery dimensions;

Possible problems may arise after draining the coolant from the pipes, in the form of air plugs.

What does a thermal imager show if there is air in the sections? Source zerocreation.ru

What heating systems are used according to the wiring method?

Structurally, a water heating system can be implemented in the following ways:

Single-circuit. It is closed and focused only on heating the premises;

Double circuit. Requires installation of a boiler of a certain design. It is aimed at both heating rooms and supplying hot water to taps.

According to the method of distributing heating from a boiler in private houses, the following varieties are distinguished:

Single pipe connection

The pipes are looped here, and the batteries are connected one after another. The coolant moves from the boiler to each radiator in turn. Its significant drawback is uneven heating of heating devices. The further they are located from the boiler, the lower their temperature. At the same time, such heating arrangement is quite common due to its efficiency and simple design.

Difference between one-pipe and two-pipe connections Source oventilyacii.ru

To reduce heat loss, you can use the following tricks:

Install radiators with an increased number of sections last;

Increase the temperature of the coolant, but this will increase costs;

Install a pump - switch from gravity to forced water circulation. In this case, water will pass through the system faster and return to the boiler

Two-pipe connection

Here, additional discharge pipes are used, which remove the cooled coolant from the batteries back to the boiler. Hot water is transferred without heat loss.

Also, parallel connection makes it possible to save on material.

Radiant heating distribution

This type of heating distribution in private houses is essentially a lot of small autonomous circuits. The water pressure and temperature in each of them can be adjusted separately. It is still used quite rarely due to the complexity of execution. In addition to a large number of pipes, it requires the installation of additional equipment, namely a collector, which plays the role of a storage tank with subsequent distribution of the coolant.

Video description

An example of radiant heating wiring in this video:

Fluid circulation methods

The coolant moves through the pipes by gravity (convection and expansion), or by forced means. In the first case, the liquid heated in the boiler, due to convection, moves through a network of pipes to the radiators. This movement of water is called direct current. Next, the coolant cooled in the batteries moves back to the heating boiler, after which the cycle is repeated. This segment is the reverse current.

To increase the circulation rate of the heat carrier through the pipes, specialized pumping units are used that are installed between the return flow pipes. There are models of heating boilers with built-in pumps.

Natural way of circulation

The coolant moves here naturally, without the application of extraneous forces. It uses the simplest physical principle, thanks to which water is heated in a kettle, and this happens because its hot layers are lighter than cold ones and rise to the top.

An example of natural coolant circulation Source santehnika-nk.ru

This is how the whole process happens - the water heated in the boiler rises to the highest point of distribution and then moves by gravity under the influence of its own weight (the pipes are at a slope of 3-4 degrees). Passing through the batteries, the water cools, its density increases, and when it enters the heating boiler, it displaces the already heated layers to the top.

Heating systems based on this type of circulation are quite simple and do not require the installation of additional equipment, which simplifies the installation process. But they are only suitable for houses with a small area due to restrictions on the contour length of 30 meters. Also, the disadvantages include the need to install pipes with a large diameter and low pressure levels.

Artificial circulation method

The implementation of forced movement of liquid through pipes requires the mandatory installation of a pumping unit that ensures increased circulation. The coolant circulation is ensured by the difference in forward and reverse pressures. The installation of such structures does not require calculations and compliance with the slope of the pipes, which is an undoubted advantage.

With forced circulation there is no need to make pipe slopes Source zerocreation.ru

The disadvantages include energy dependence - if the electricity goes out in winter, then without a generator, water simply will not move through the pipes. This is an important point that must be taken into account when choosing the type of coolant circulation.

Installation of heating with forced movement of coolant can be done in houses with any square footage. The power of the pumping unit is selected individually.

Heating system calculation

To make a correct heating installation, you should calculate the basic parameters, which will make it possible to determine the required boiler power, the dimensions of the pipeline and the capacity of the radiators.

First, calculate the dimensions of all rooms. To maintain moderate temperatures, you should install a boiler with a power of 70 W/m³, including a mandatory reserve of 20% to reduce the load.

Video description

For questions regarding air heating, see this video. :

The capacity of the required batteries is calculated individually for each room. The initial power indicator of the heating boiler is multiplied by the dimensions of the room. 20% is added to the resulting value and divided by the power indicators of one battery section. The result is rounded. It shows the required number of battery fins per room.

Mistakes made during installation

The most common mistakes when performing calculations or installing heating are:

Incorrect determination of the required boiler power;

Incorrect strapping;

Illiterate choice of the heating scheme itself;

• Incorrect installation of all elements.

Insufficient boiler power is the most common error. It occurs when, during the selection of a heat generator for heating and hot water supply needs, the necessary additional power for heating water is not taken into account.

Incorrect selection of heating scheme leads to additional costs for reworking the entire structure. This mistake is made when installing a single-pipe distribution with more than 6 radiators. A large number of batteries does not allow them to warm up.

The last heating elements in the chain will always remain cold Source interistroy.ru

Also, during installation, the slopes of the pipelines are not observed, pipes of poor quality are connected, and inappropriate additional equipment is installed.

When installing heated floors, the pipes must be insulated in order to avoid heat loss on the way to the heating “snail”.

A common mistake when connecting pipelines is exceeding the exposure time of the soldering iron to the pipes required to obtain a reliable joint. As a result, their internal diameter decreases and a bottleneck is formed.

Conclusion

A correctly selected heating scheme in a private house and its correct installation will provide heat to all rooms during the cold season. You can install heating in a private house yourself, but if you have doubts about your abilities, it will be more economical to turn to professionals.

In order for your stay in a private house to be as comfortable as possible, it must certainly have such an important element as a heating system for a private house. Only with its help can you create surprisingly pleasant, comfortable living conditions.

Of course, the coolant plays an important role in any heating system. In fact, its presence is a prerequisite, otherwise the heating device in a private house simply will not be able to function efficiently. Almost all modern heating systems use water as a coolant.

Heating system of a private house

The most correct option is to contact a specialized company, whose employees will help you choose a heating system for a private home and provide installation services for heating systems.

Professionals will be able to advise which type of heating system will be most efficient to use in your home, and will install it correctly.

It should be noted that sometimes home owners, not wanting to hire additional specialists, take on the installation of the heating system themselves. In fact, there is nothing complicated about this - you just need to follow certain installation rules.

What does the heating system consist of?

Quite often, the heart, the main element of any heating system is the boiler. It is he who heats the coolant, the task of which is obvious - to spread heat throughout the house. And, of course, liquid can best cope with this task. In most heating systems, it is customary to use water as a coolant.

A system with a coolant of this type is made closed. That is, the water in it circulates around the ring, and adding coolant is required extremely rarely.

Today, the two-pipe heating system, which is shown in the photo, is recognized as the most reliable and practical:

It consists of two circuits closed on the boiler - coolant supply and return. The first serves to supply the liquid heated in the boiler to the radiators, where it gives off its heat. After cooling, the coolant returns through the return pipes to the boiler for reheating. In this case, the most rational and most effective is the parallel arrangement of radiators - thus, they warm up at the same time, which makes it possible to uniformly warm up all rooms. It is important to remember that the heating efficiency is affected by the distance between the coolant supply and return circuits. The permissible minimum is the height from the window sill to the floor.

Many experts argue that such a heating system is less efficient than the old stove heating.

It should be admitted that they are partly right - after all, due to the passage of coolant through pipes and components, a certain loss of coolant occurs. However, we should not forget that stove heating does not make it possible to heat all rooms evenly at the same time. In addition, using a stove is very inconvenient due to the need to store a large supply of firewood. If you use a wood-burning boiler, much less fuel is required.

Most often, a fairly simple and at the same time very effective two-pipe heating system with natural coolant circulation is used. It allows you to heat your house with high quality without using additional equipment - electric circulation pumps. The reason for the popularity of this heating system for private houses is explained by the fact that there are frequent cases of power outages - and in this case (without electricity), the system simply will not be able to work.

All that is necessary for the correct and highest quality operation of such a heating system in a private home is strict adherence to the rules during its installation and a supply of fuel.

One of the main requirements, which is extremely important to comply with for the further operation of the system, is to create the maximum possible difference in height between the outlet of the system and the highest point of the system. That is why the most rational option is to locate the boiler with a pipe in the basement. If there is no basement, the boiler is installed in a recess on the ground floor. No less important is the creation of a slope for the return line. It is performed horizontally, starting from the first radiator of the system.

In a heating system of this type, there is one more mandatory element - an expansion tank. It is used to create maximum pressure in the system, which is extremely important for normal circulation. The operation of the tank is based on the usual gravitational principle. It should be placed as high as possible - the ideal place would be the attic. It is the height of the location, and not the amount of liquid in the tank, that determines the pressure.

The tank should have a medium volume. After all, its additional function is the ability to control the coolant level, which, if necessary, can simply be drained from the tank.

It should be remembered that such heating systems for a private home can only operate correctly if the coolant is water. A system with this principle of operation of the expansion tank is called open.

Closed systems are those in which the expansion tank is in no way connected to the outside world. That is, it does not have the ability to pump out coolant. In such a system it is customary to use a compensation tank. This is a small container, the internal cavity of which is divided into two parts by a flexible membrane. One of the parts is filled with coolant. The pressure in the system is regulated by bending the membrane in one direction or another. Since the system is closed, this allows antifreeze to be used as a coolant.

Pipes for heating system

For a long time, exclusively steel pipes were used to create the heating system. This was quite inconvenient, since installation took a long time, and rough seams subsequently greatly spoiled the visual perception of the system and the types of heating of private houses.

Fortunately, today it is possible to install a heating system of any complexity using metal-plastic pipes. They are thinner and more flexible. Their surface is made of special heat-resistant plastic, and the inside is made of a thin layer of aluminum. There are a huge number of additional elements on the market for metal-plastic pipes - corners, connections, taps. They allow you to both connect pipes to each other and connect a different type of pipe to them.

Since today there are quite a large number of types of metal-plastic pipes, special attention should be paid to the markings when choosing them. Pipes intended for heating systems are marked with the symbols “PE-RT-AL-PE-RT”.

The advantage of metal-plastic pipes is that they are quite easy to work with. Quite flexible and lightweight, they can be cut with a regular hacksaw or metal scissors.

In order for the heating methods of a private home to be as airtight as possible, all components should be carefully installed. In this case, it is rational to use press fittings - they perfectly preserve the integrity of the pipe.

What should you do first?

So, you have decided to create a high-quality and reliable heating system in your home that works with liquid coolant. The first thing that needs to be done when planning any type of heating systems for a private home is to create a detailed plan, a diagram of the future system. It should indicate: the location and level of the boiler, the duration of the pipeline, the placement of radiators and all additional components of the system, up to Mayevsky taps. After this, you should determine what kind of boiler power you need. After all, a weaker one will not be able to create the required level and rate of heating. And it is simply irrational to use a stronger one - after all, it will only work at half its power.

Quite often, homemade heating boilers are used when creating a heating system. They have a lower cost, but it is impossible to determine their exact power.

If you decide to supplement the types of heating systems in a private home with just such a boiler, then you should simply calculate the maximum volume of coolant that this boiler can hold. To do this, simply divide the volume of the room (or the total volume of the premises) that will be heated by 1000. That is, the volume of a room of 100 m2 is equal to 300 m3. We divide this indicator by 1000 and get 300. Accordingly, this is the amount of coolant that a homemade boiler should contain.

It should be noted that the size of the boiler directly depends on its power. That is, the higher the power, the larger the boiler. Of course, before creating a heating system plan, you should find an ideal place where the boiler installed will not disturb anyone. In this case, the level of the boiler’s location should be taken into account - it should be the lowest point of the system. The ideal solution is to locate the boiler in the basement. If your house does not have a basement, take care of a convenient niche in the floor. It is advisable that the boiler be located in a separate room, access to which can be limited for security reasons.

It is important to understand that certain types of boilers (gas, electric boilers) require special placement conditions. If you don’t know anything about them, be sure to contact specialists for advice before installing the system.

What to consider

When installing the main line, you should take pipes whose diameter is twice as large as the pipes that will supply the coolant directly to the radiator. This rule applies to both supply and return pipes. When installing the pipeline, the pipes must be secured with special rings - this way you can get rid of sagging.

Even if the system consists of metal-plastic pipes, the vertical riser running from the heating boiler to the expansion tank must be made of steel pipe. If there is no tank, the first few meters of the pipe should be made of steel. When connecting a membrane expansion tank, you can use a pipe of smaller diameter.

This is because the intense heat rising from the boiler can damage the plastic part of the pipe. It is better that the metal-plastic pipe is located only in a heated room.

If possible, you can lay two heating circuits, each of which, in turn, will consist of supply and return pipes. Such heating options for a private home are undoubtedly more expensive. However, if repairs become necessary, one of the circuits can be closed.

Air bleed valves must be installed on each radiator, as well as on the coolant supply and return lines.

Its excessive accumulation in the system can cause serious damage. The installation of radiators should be carried out in compliance with one condition - the side from which the return pipe exits should be located slightly lower - this is necessary in systems with natural coolant circulation.

When using a homemade heating boiler, it should be taken into account that the direct line pipe should be located as high as possible. This will avoid destructive water hammer. The heating boiler should be installed with a slope of 5 mm, which should be made towards the return line.

Rules for operating the heating system

When the installation of the system is completely completed, it should be filled with coolant. In this case, all valves that are used to bleed air must be open. After the heating systems of a private home are filled with coolant, the boiler should be lit using a small amount of fuel. This makes it possible to check the uniform heating of the system - there should be no excessively hot or cold areas (in this case, open the radiator valve and drain the water until hot water flows out).

There should be no extraneous sounds when heating in the boiler. Minor leakage of coolant in the area of ​​threaded connections is allowed.

After several test runs, the threaded connection stops letting water through. Then you can start heating the boiler at full power.

Boiler power is a very important indicator that must be selected correctly. If the power is higher, there is a possibility of the boiler boiling, which, in turn, can lead to the most dire consequences not only for the heating system, but also for the entire house. If the boiler power is too low, this affects the return temperature level - it does not exceed 40 degrees.

Properly installed working heating methods for a private home should not produce any extraneous sounds. In addition, the temperature difference between the supplied coolant and the return does not exceed 40 degrees. A video on how to install the system can be viewed below.

Modern technologies offer many options for heating suburban housing: from ultra-modern and thermal pumps. The cheapest fuel is considered to be network gas, but it is not always possible to connect a country house. Prices and options for alternative fuels, features of new systems are in this material.

Read in the article

Alternative and traditional heating of a country house (prices and options)

Let's consider the main types of fuel that can be used to heat private households in our latitudes:

• and coal;
• fuel oil, diesel, gasoline, ;
• network and bottled gas;
• electricity (network, );
• geothermal energy.

Each of the listed types has its pros and cons. When choosing a type, it is important to take into account the family’s financial capabilities to purchase and operate the system, the availability of fuel and the possibility of combining different types of fuel.

Saving on qualified technicians can result in system problems. That is why it is important to think through everything to the smallest detail, draw up a project competently and entrust the work to professionals.

What is a heating system project?

For design, the area of ​​heated premises, power and probable heat loss are taken into account. The number in each room and the length are calculated. Quantity and character also matter.

Detailed calculations allow you to optimally spend funds and further minimize system maintenance costs. You can turn on the water heating.

When designing a system, it is necessary to take into account the climatic characteristics of the region. For example, in the conditions of the far north, a liquid fuel boiler will be ineffective, since its fuel loses its ability to ignite at minus thirty degrees.

Which heating is better for a private home: comparing different types

So, before installing, you should know:

• is it possible to connect to the network gas pipeline;
• what fuel is most available where you live;
• Is there enough power in the local power grids for connection;
• how much thermal energy is required to heat the house.

Solid fuel and its features

The use of solid fuel materials, coal and, is considered an obsolete type of heating. Although, one can argue with this statement. In a situation where housing is located in a place difficult to access by road transport, this type of fuel is the only option. The power line may not meet the required loads, there is no network gas pipeline, and bottled or liquid fuel is difficult to deliver. So it remains proven over centuries. Although it does not heat automatically, it guarantees warmth in the most severe frosts.

For your information! The costs of heating with solid fuel are one and a half times less than the costs of heating with a gas installation.

Advice! When considering electric heating of a country house, options and prices for devices, pay attention to one of the most aesthetic and modern types of system - heating baseboard. It will not interfere with the arrangement of furniture and will heat the room as efficiently as conventional radiators.

Related article:

What is this latest heating system? Price, reviews from system owners, reviews of the best manufacturers, recommendations from professionals for self-installation - in this material.

Network gas, cylinders and gas holders

Network gas is available to 67 percent of the population of our country. Where there are gas mains, other types of heating systems have not been used for a long time. Cheap blue fuel does not require the creation of storage facilities, storage for future use or constant monitoring of the heating device. The cost is relatively low and starts from 20 thousand rubles.

If for some reason network gas is not available, alternative options can be used. You can connect several cylinders to the boiler or install a system with capacious liquefied gas storage. The container is filled with special machines. These alternative options are completely autonomous and depend only on the ability to refuel the tanks. Such gas will cost a little more than network gas.

Advantages and disadvantages of gas heating

For your information! Gas heating is the most environmentally friendly way to heat your home. With a gas boiler, there will be no foreign smell, burning or soot in the room.

Geothermal heating as an alternative option

Article

When building a private house, one of the most important stages is the installation of a heating system, because the comfort and coziness of the household depends on this. Fortunately, today the market offers various options for arranging a heating system. In supermarkets you can easily purchase equipment, materials and tools that may be needed during installation work.

Many owners, who already spend a lot of money on construction, seek to save money and take on the task of completing some of the stages with their own hands. You can set up a heating system if you have at least the slightest idea of ​​what it is, how it works, and what it should consist of. Of course, it is better to first consult with a professional who will help you calculate and choose the most profitable and effective options in each specific case.

Before choosing a heating system for a private home, you need to find answers to a number of questions. It is necessary to take into account the parameters of the house, the number of storeys, the total area and size of each of the heated rooms, determine where the boiler will be located, which unit to install, which coolant. All elements of the heating system are available in the construction supermarket, however, you will have to assemble them yourself.

Today, two types of heating systems are actively used: open and closed. Open or gravity consists of the following elements:

• boiler where the coolant is heated;
• expansion tank;
• radiators;
• heating pipes.

The main role in open systems is played by gravity, under the influence of which the heated coolant from the boiler spreads over the batteries. The main advantage of this option is its energy independence. As for the disadvantages, there are more of them: the system warms up slowly, the coolant constantly evaporates from the expansion tank, and the latter must be located at the highest point of the system.

A closed heating system requires the installation of a closed expansion tank and a circulation pump. This option is more practical, since you can additionally make a “warm floor”, the house is always warm and cozy, the elements of the system are arranged arbitrarily, there is no need to calculate and observe the slope of the pipes when performing installation work.

Types of heating systems

In most cases, owners of private houses prefer heating systems with water coolant. This is the most versatile, convenient and economical option, however, there are others. There are two main questions that you need to find answers to before you start installing a heating system: what to warm up with and what to heat with.

• Air. This can be either an all-air heating system or a “warm floor”. In this case, the low heat capacity of the air must be taken into account. This option justifies itself when heating rooms such as a corridor, hallway, veranda;
• water vapor used primarily for heating large industrial premises. Such a system requires constant monitoring;
• Water- the most optimal way to heat a large private house. Such a system is efficient and compact, undemanding in maintenance. Plastic pipes are used for the arrangement;
• Antifreeze its qualities are in no way inferior to water coolant, however, it is much more expensive and releases toxins, so you definitely need to take care of high-quality sealing.

As for the heat source, there may also be different options. For our latitudes, natural gas is considered the most economical fuel, so most households use gas heating boilers for heating. There are also electric, solid fuel and combined ones. There is a wide range of models on the market, which allows you to choose the most suitable option in each specific case.

With water coolant

Water heating is an affordable, economical, effective option for heating a private home, which has been used for many years, but has never lost its popularity. To ensure high-quality operation of the heating system, it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of radiators, buy a powerful boiler, correctly connect all the elements and start the coolant (water). This system is easy to maintain, durable and reliable. Liquid circulation through the pipes is carried out either using a circulation pump or by gravity.

• Forced circulation- a great way to heat a large house on two or three floors. A mandatory element of such a system is a pump that supplies cold water to the boiler and hot water from it. There are fully automated pumps on sale that are capable of starting independently at the right time and controlling the temperature of the coolant;
• Natural circulation. Water can circulate independently through the elements of the heating system if the equipment is placed correctly during installation and the pipes are positioned at a certain slope. This option is used extremely rarely today and justifies itself in one-story houses with a small area.

Any boiler is suitable for installing a water-based heating system, but only an electric one does not require a chimney. The number of radiators and pipes depends on the area of ​​the house.

Air heating

An air heating system is increasingly being used, which involves installing special ducts or air heaters in each room of the house through which hot air flows. Heating elements can be located on the ceiling or walls. There are several types of air heating.

• Local used if there is a need to heat a separate room. The essence of the method is that a fan heater is installed in the room, which heats the air to the optimal temperature (drying it out);
• Central can be called a complete heating system. The air is heated by special equipment and supplied to individual rooms through ventilation ducts;
• Air curtains- an expensive, but very convenient and functional way to heat a house. Devices that resemble air conditioners in appearance are installed near the entrance to the rooms. Through them a flow of heated air enters the room.

Air heating is used less often today than water heating. The main reason is high cost and impracticality. You can set up such a system in a country house, in a small house, but this method is not suitable for heating a two-story mansion.

Electric heating

The use of electric convectors is justified in cases where it is not possible to use other types of fuel. The equipment is installed in one room, easy to connect, and simple to maintain. Modern models are equipped with a whole arsenal of functions: automatic switching off and on, adjusting the air temperature in the room. Convectors are small, compact, they do not take up much space and can be moved from one room to another.

To equip your home with such a heating system, you need a powerful, new electrical network. Old wiring is unlikely to withstand such increased voltage. When choosing this option, be prepared for high utility bills.

Electric convectors are ideal if you need to temporarily heat a room (in a country house, for example), but in a large private mansion it is better not to use them.

Steam heating

A steam heating system can be used to heat large private homes, commercial and industrial premises. Only a professional can set up such a complex system with his own hands. To ensure its functionality, reliability and safety, everything must be done according to the instructions; even the slightest mistake during installation can lead to the system either not working or soon breaking down.

The operating principle of this option is that water flows through the pipes in a gaseous state. To start the system, one boiler will not be enough; additional equipment is installed that is responsible for filtering water and converting it into steam. Main advantages: the system warms up quickly, provides warmth and comfort in every room, and significantly saves energy. Disadvantages of steam heating:

• expensive equipment (as you will need to install a special boiler and filters);
• requires professional maintenance;
• emergency situations may occur.

Water vapor in a closed system is supplied under pressure, so if a radiator or pipe ruptures, a person nearby may be burned or seriously injured.

Heating system "warm floor"

A modern, effective and very comfortable way to heat a house is to install a “warm floor”. The system is installed during the construction or major renovation of a house. It is advisable to use this option if you plan to use ceramic tiles as a floor covering.

“Warm floor” can be installed everywhere: in the bedroom and nursery, in the living room and kitchen, in the bathroom and toilet. In this case, heat will come from below. A whole network of pipes or wires is installed under the floor covering, through which the coolant passes. If water is used, a special lining must be laid on the base of the floor, which will not allow thermal energy to escape downwards. Next, the pipeline is laid, then the screed and floor covering. The option is quite labor-intensive, but economical.

It’s easier to create an electric “warm floor” with your own hands. In a specialized store you can buy either special mats or wiring. In the first case, installation is very simple, you do not need to use any additional elements, just ready-made mats with a floor covering on top. In the second, a thin layer of screed or ceramic tiles are laid on the cable.

Selecting a heating boiler

A mandatory, if not the main, element of the heating system is the heating boiler. The modern market offers a wide range of options that differ in technical characteristics, cost, size and appearance. A few years ago, gas equipment was at the peak of popularity. Today they are being replaced by electric and solid fuel appliances. When choosing a boiler, a number of criteria should be taken into account.

• Convection- the most common, has a simple design, uses only the energy of the fuel that burns. Condensation costs more, but produces more heat;
• The combustion chamber. If it is open, air is used from the room. In closed chambers, air can be consumed both from the room and from the street, however, a chimney is required;
• Circuit. To provide comfort and warmth to your household, you need to take care not only of the heating system, but also of the water supply. The issue can be solved using a double-circuit boiler, which will both heat the house and provide hot water.

When choosing a gas, electric or solid fuel boiler, you should pay attention to such parameters as unit power, fuel consumption, size and design, and cost.

Advantages of gas boilers

Gas is an affordable and economical fuel. Gas boilers are considered the most common and are widely used in the installation of heating systems in private homes. The equipment can operate on natural or liquefied gas. The advantages of gas appliances include the following:

• ease of operation;
• reduction in heating costs;
• high performance;
• environmental Safety;
• reliability and durability.

To install such equipment at home, it is necessary to develop a gas project and agree on all the details with the company that supplies the fuel. You can install and connect the boiler yourself without outside help, but a gas service representative must put it into operation.

With the installation of a gas heating boiler, difficulties may arise already at the installation stage. First of all, the device should be adapted for operation in conditions where there is an increased range of operating gas pressure. It is very important to pay attention to this if you have purchased an imported boiler. You will also need to install a chimney to remove exhaust gas. Only turbo boilers are equipped with special turbines through which combustion products go outside.

Electric heating boilers

The best option in cases where there is no access to a gas main is to install an electric heating boiler. Its power is enough to heat a house on two or three floors. The equipment is capable of efficiently heating a cottage with an area of ​​up to 300 square meters. m. This option does not provide for the installation of additional ventilation or chimney. During operation, electrical appliances do not emit harmful substances and do not pollute the air or the room in which they are located. Compact dimensions allow you to install the boiler in a small, not necessarily separate, room.

How to choose a heating boiler that runs on electricity? Which device is best suited for heating a private home? How to save on buying an electric boiler, but still get really high-quality equipment?

But there are also disadvantages to electric heating systems. Firstly, the house must have powerful, reliable electrical wiring. Secondly, the numbers on receipts will increase significantly. Modern models are used not only for heating, but also for hot water supply. They are completely safe, convenient, and effective. Prices for equipment depend on the manufacturer, the power of the device, and additional functions.

Solid fuel models

Solid fuel boilers that operate on the principle of Kolpakov stoves have very high efficiency. To maintain the coolant temperature, it is necessary to add fuel to the boiler once a day. Modern models on the market are safe and effective. The equipment is mounted on the floor, although it is compact in size, however, it requires a separate room. The main advantages of solid fuel units:

• the body does not heat up, so there is no risk of getting burned;
• Not only peat, but also firewood, sawdust, and paper can be used as fuel;
• all devices are characterized by high power;
• compact size and modern design;
• economy.

However, there are also disadvantages. The operation of such heating devices is accompanied by the accumulation of dirt and dust in the room, so it is recommended to allocate a separate room for the boiler. There should be a place in it for storing fuel, and it is also necessary to clean the device from ash from time to time.

To heat a house using a solid fuel boiler, you will have to spend at least an hour until the coolant warms up. In addition, it is necessary to properly design the chimney. During operation of the equipment, you need to ensure that the combustion chamber does not become clogged. The advantages of solid fuel boilers include the fact that it depends only on the owner what kind of winter will be for his home: warm or cold, because he himself prepares the fuel.

Combined units

In some regions, a problem such as lack of gas or electricity often occurs. But this does not mean that the residents of the house are doomed to the cold, because there are combination boilers on sale that can operate on not one, but two types of fuel. The most common models are those that can run on gas and solid fuel. This ensures the reliability and autonomy of the heating system. Each such device is equipped with two combustion chambers. You can switch from one type of fuel to another by changing burners.

Combined heating boilers are not without their disadvantages. For example, they cost more than gas or solid fuel equipment separately. The efficiency of such units rarely exceeds 90%. To install the device, you need to allocate a separate room and arrange a chimney.

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of which heating boiler to choose. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, you should focus on such parameters as the area of ​​the house, heat loss, type of coolant, availability of one or another type of fuel.

A powerful, reliable unit will ensure uninterrupted and efficient operation of the heating system in a private home.

Heat loss calculation

In the process of planning a heating system, it is necessary to calculate the heat loss of each room and the entire house. To carry out calculations correctly, you need to know the following data:

• design and thickness of walls;
• thermal resistance of materials;
• the average temperature of the coldest month and the average winter temperature.

The main criterion necessary for calculating heat loss is the thermal resistance of materials. It can be obtained from special collections and tables. This parameter needs to be multiplied by the thickness of the material (in meters), we get the thermal conductivity of each layer of the wall, which we multiply by the temperature gradient and by the area of ​​the room.

What is heat loss at home? Formulas for calculating the power of a heating system for a private home. What criteria should be taken into account when calculating heat loss?

DIY heating system installation

Installation work should begin with the installation of the heating boiler. If the equipment power does not exceed 60 kW, you can install the device in the kitchen; if it is higher, a separate room should be allocated for the boiler. Heat sources that burn different types of fuel must have air flow. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the removal of combustion products. This can be done with the help of a properly equipped chimney.

When installing a heating boiler, certain rules must be followed. The distance to the nearest equipment and walls must be at least 0.7 m. The wiring of units that operate on different types of fuel is practically the same. The figure shows an option for piping a gas boiler with a forced circulation system.

This tying method is used most often. Other schemes provide for the presence of their own pumps to ensure continuous circulation of the heated coolant.

If solid fuel heat generators are used to service the heating system, the following nuances must be taken into account when connecting them: due to the inertia of the device, the coolant may overheat and boil. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is necessary to install a circulation pump on the return line. An additional security system is also installed, which consists of the following elements:

• safety valve;
• automatic air vent;
• pressure gauge

An important function is performed by the safety valve, because it is responsible for relieving excess pressure in cases where the coolant overheats. The most effective piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler is shown in the figure below.

Another problem that is often encountered when operating a heating system with solid fuel boilers is the accumulation of condensate on the elements of the unit. This happens due to cold water entering the hot cut. To prevent condensation of the coolant, a three-way valve and a bypass are installed in the systems.

Installation of heating pipes

It is impossible to install a heating system in a private house without a pipeline. In old houses there are cast iron pipes from the last century. They boast a long service life, durability and reliability. However, today such products are used extremely rarely, because they have been almost completely replaced by lighter, more convenient and cheaper pipes that can be made from the following materials:

• steel;
• copper;
• stainless steel;
• polypropylene;
• polyethylene;
• metal-plastic.

Copper and steel products are strong and durable. They are excellent for arranging a heating system in multi-storey country cottages and private houses. The only drawback is the high cost. The most affordable polypropylene pipes, however, it is quite difficult to carry out the entire complex of work yourself.

The most suitable options for arranging a heating system pipeline: metal-plastic or polyethylene products. Such pipes are used in systems with different types of coolant, as well as for laying water-based “warm floors”. The products have excellent technical characteristics, are cheaper than metal ones, and are easier and more convenient to work with due to their low weight. Metal-plastic and polyethylene pipes are reliable, durable, safe, and have a long service life.

Selection and installation of radiators

Previously, traditional, cast-iron, not very aesthetic batteries were available, which were used in every private house or high-rise building. Today, in specialized heating equipment stores there are so many models of radiators, they all differ from each other in price, technical characteristics, and appearance, that it may be difficult to choose. As a rule, these products are classified depending on the material from which they are made.

• Aluminum The batteries are light, durable, reliable, and have excellent heat transfer performance. The products are made from solid alloy, which ensures their durability;
• Bimetallic Radiators are used primarily in central heating systems. Internally they are equipped with a tubular steel frame;
• Steel panel batteries– the best option that experts recommend for use when installing a heating system in a private home. To regulate the air temperature in the room, you can install thermostatic valves;
• Cast iron Heating radiators today are presented in a wide range. These are not Soviet “accordions”, but durable, safe and reliable products, which are characterized by an attractive design.

When choosing heating radiators, give preference to those that you like the most and suit the price. Modern models are efficient enough to provide warmth and comfort in a private home.

The type of heating system and type of coolant depends on the number of floors and area of ​​the house, the availability of one or another fuel. You can install a heating system in a private home with your own hands, if you follow the recommendations for selecting and installing equipment.