Bosquet is the “green room” of the garden. Bosquets in a summer cottage Share with friends on social networks

Massifs with free outlines belong to landscape parks. The classification of arrays is extremely simple. They are natural and artificial, man-made. As a rule, they are created by cutting and planting. In one place they cut down, in another they plant.

Bosquets, by definition, are artificially created areas of trees. Bosquets of strict geometric shape are found in regular parks. Regardless of the shape, bosquets are divided into "groves" And "offices" .

• Bosquet type "grove" - the territory limited by the paths of the regular park is occupied by plantings. As a rule, these are trees of the first size, belonging to the same species: birch, linden, oak, pine.
• In a bosquet type "office" trees grow along the perimeter of the site, bounded by paths that intersect at right angles. They are planted very densely, in one or several rows. The result is green walls - trellises - made from trimmed trees ( Linden , beech, hornbeam) or bush ( hawthorn etc.). The space inside these walls is the office.

From the outside, both the “grove” and the “office” look the same. Only when you delve deeper into the “grove” will you discover a grove. And when you enter the “office” (one or several narrow passages are made in the trellises), you will see anything you want: a place for secluded relaxation, a green theater, a dance floor, a plantation of berries or medicinal herbs, a summer cafe.

Of course, in small private areas calling forest plantations bosquets or massifs can only be conditional: the scope is not the same. Therefore, it is worth recalling the golden rule of landscape design: everything should be proportionate and on a scale. In a small area, a modest group of trees will play the role of a forest.

Bosquets with arrays can play a lot of roles, for example:

• Handsome men. We think this statement does not need additional evidence. Only the lazy did not sing about the beauty of the forest.
• Workers. An orchard is also an array.
• Walls. They protect against noise and dust.
• Roofs. They create shadow.
• Lungs. They provide oxygen.
• A curtain. A forest area can create the necessary pause in the perception of a park landscape. When one magnificent view follows another, the viewer may become tired. Even the most brilliant play needs an intermission. Finding yourself in a forested area after an open space, you can give yourself the necessary respite. Attention switches from the so-called distant views to the near ones. The viewer admires the grass, the bark of trees, the play of sun glare on the ground...

In addition to arrays and bosquets, parks can also contain tree groups And curtains. These are areas of plantings up to 1 hectare, limited to open space. Curtains are considered a transitional element between an array and a more clearly defined tree group.

Bosquets on a summer cottage they give it nobility. An article about what bosquets are and their role in the decoration of a garden plot.

"Country Hobbies"
bosquets

How to create bosquets in the design of a summer cottage

City residents who have a suburban plot have an excellent opportunity to develop the hidden abilities of a gardener, gardener and

You can experiment as you like and, as a result, ensure that the area around the house becomes a real miracle of design art.

The possibilities are practically unlimited. Gazebos with tent coverings, pergolas, artificial ponds, flower beds and terraces - all this is well known to connoisseurs of beauty and order in their possessions.

The only novelty is bosquets, the fashion for which came to us from France, where this type of garden decor has been used for a long time and has not lost its popularity.

The classic form of a bosquet is a clear square with ornamental shrubs or low trees with a compact crown.

The geometric regularity of the bosquet can be emphasized by a sculpture or mini-fountain placed in the center of the square. A mandatory element is benches located at the same distance from each other and organically combined in shape with the green frame of the bosquet. Plants are trimmed to achieve laconic and expressive lines.

The basis for creating a bosquet can be any square-shaped platform. Young plants are planted along its edges, most often brilliant cotoneaster or Boumalda spirea.

Bosquets require well-drained soil and regular watering, which has a positive effect on their appearance. The corners are decorated with roses, and the center is covered with sea pebbles, small shells or crushed bricks.

Bosquets are better suited for large areas where the decorative properties of the planted plants are fully demonstrated. In this case, the area can be of considerable size, and its center can be decorated with an interesting sculptural composition or a flowerpot made of valuable stones: marble or malachite.

The soil is covered with a mixture of coarse sand and marble chips: it looks unusual and very beautiful. Such a “green cabinet” is an excellent place to relax in the summer heat and a source of pride for the owners, whose efforts in their suburban area make the bosquet look no worse than in France.

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On a hot summer day, when the room is stuffy and uncomfortable, you want to enjoy the coolness of the fresh air. Of course, you can use the shade of the spreading crown of a tree in the garden for this. Or you can relax in the bosquet or the so-called “green room”.

Bosquets began their existence in French parks in the 16th century. In the open air, closely planted trees and bushes formed halls, offices and labyrinths.

The significant difference between a bosquet and a hedge is that the plants that form the bosquet are trimmed, giving them a variety of shapes. Today, bosquets are popular among gardeners not only because of their luxurious appearance, but also because of their versatility.

A “green room” on a personal plot protects from heat, wind, dust and prying eyes. Inside it, depending on its size, you can organize a children's playground, a place for receiving guests, or a work office. In this case, the bosquet can be from 50 cm to 3 m in height.

The main rules for constructing a bosquet

When forming a bosquet, it is important to adhere to the basic rules:

• We plan the correct geometric shape.
• We only use plants that can be cut.
• Bosquet care is carried out in the “Cut, cut, cut” mode.

First of all, you need to choose a location for the “green room”. Since the main components of a bosquet are plants, you need to choose a sunny place. The area must be level. Then we draw up a plan and mark the boundaries of future plantings.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that paths and a platform must be built before planting plants, so that later excavation work does not disturb the root system. It’s best to give the finished floor the opportunity to “settle” over the course of a year and show its flaws. For paving areas and paths, granite, basalt, marble, gravel, and pebbles are used. The main thing is that this work is done thoroughly.

Now - the choice of plants. Here everything depends on the height of the walls of the “green room”. Plants reaching a height of no more than 1 m are suitable for decorating a children's playground. And for an office, naturally, tall species are needed. Let us consider in detail the characteristics of plants suitable for central Russia.

Plant selection: low-growing (up to 1 m)

Birch leaf spirea (Spiraea betulifolia) is a slow-growing plant that blooms in June with white flowers collected in inflorescences. Grows on any soil, shade-tolerant. The leaves are green, orange and red in autumn.

Spiraea bumalda "Anthony Waterer" (Spiraea bumalda "Anthony Waterer") - has a dome-shaped crown, blooms from early July to early October, the leaves are reddish when blooming, then green, and orange in the fall. Shade-tolerant, undemanding to soil and moisture. Flowering is stimulated by early cutting.

Barberry - its disadvantage is that it is prickly, but this is more than compensated for by its beauty. Such varieties as “Berberis thunbergii “Pink Queen”, “Berberis thunbergii “Rose Glow”, “Berberis thunbergii “Red Pillar”, “Berberis thunbergii “Darts Red Ladi” differ from other varieties of barberry in the rich red color of their foliage from spring to autumn. It blooms in May, grows quickly, is shade-tolerant, and is not demanding on soil and moisture.

Mock orange (Philadelphus) or garden jasmine will make the bosquet not only beautiful, but also fragrant from May to June. The bush blooms so profusely that the leaves are not visible, and the scent of strawberries is all around. For the low walls of the bosquet, the varieties “Avalanche” and “Pompon” are suitable. This plant is capricious, loves fertile, well-drained soils, does not tolerate shade, and is moisture-loving.

The horizontal cotoneaster (Cotoneaster horisontalis) has a very beautiful structure, the branches lie on top of each other like a layer cake. It blooms in May-June with small, scentless, white-pink flowers. The fruits ripen by September and decorate the bush with bloody drops all winter. The plant grows on fertile soils, does not require moisture, and is shade-tolerant.

White snowberry (Simphoricarpos albus) got its name for the decorative white pearl berries that remain on the bush throughout the winter. The shrub is unpretentious, grows very quickly, and loves heavy pruning.

Shrub caragana (Caragana fletux) is an unpretentious plant, blooms in May with bright yellow flowers, shade-tolerant, drought-resistant. Since it belongs to the legume family, it is capable of enriching the soil with nitrogen.

Cossack juniper "Variegata" (Juniperus Sabina "Variegata") is very beautiful. The needles at the base of the branches are green, and towards the end they are creamy white. The plant does not tolerate shade and stagnant water. Low-growing varieties also include: “Juniperus communis “Gold Cone” - has a narrow-conical crown shape that does not require cutting, “Juniperus media “Gold Coast” - grows very slowly, “Juniperus squamata “Blue Carpet” - a very fast-growing shrub that reaches a width of 2.5 m. Attention! The shoots of this plant are poisonous.

Canadian spruce (Picea glauca "Conica") is a low-growing variety of spruce and, without pruning, forms a low wall. Prefers sunny places, but in spring it needs to be protected from the bright first sun. Does not tolerate drought, grows well in fertile soil.

Selection of plants: tall (over 2 m)

European larch (Larix deciduas) is a large tree up to 30 m in height and is easy to trim. The needles bloom in April, emitting a pleasant aroma, and fall off in the fall. The only thing that decorates larch all year round are brown cones. The plant develops well in illuminated, non-flooded areas. “Larix kaempferi” is also suitable for bosquet.

Juniper - tall varieties: Juniperus virginiana "Glauca", Juniperus squamata "Meyeri", Juniperus chinensis "Blue Alps". In characteristics they are no different from their shorter counterparts.

Thuja is an evergreen plant that easily tolerates spring replanting, lends itself to any pruning, and after it keeps its true shape for a long time. Does not tolerate drought or shade, prefers fertile soils. In central Russia, only one species takes root - the western thuja “Thuja occidentalis”. The most common varieties of western thuja: “Brabant”, “Columna”, “Smaragd”, “Holmstrup”, “Danica”.

After the plants have been selected and planted, all that remains is to wait for them to grow and carefully care for them. It will take 3 to 5 years before we can begin to form a bosquet. Each plant requires an individual approach to watering, fertilizing and pruning. You need to be very careful about feeding, since cropped plants, along with the lost mass of foliage, also lose a lot of nutrients.

Specifics of the North-West region

The plants listed above will grow well in warm regions of the country with mild winters. Creating “green rooms” from these plants in more northern latitudes inevitably imposes a number of restrictions. Most of these plants can be grown in a warm, sunny place, sheltered from the winds. The exception would be the thuja, since it needs partial shade in the afternoon, otherwise its branches will burn out.

So, a slightly modified list of plant species suitable for creating bosquets, for example, in the Leningrad region:

1. Bush linden - suitable for rooms with high walls;
2. Compestry maple - looks luxurious, suitable for tall hedges, trims well, has a compact crown, but is expensive and is usually planted individually (so-called solitary plantings);
3. Hawthorn - generally suitable, but suffers from powdery mildew, and in hedges, as well as in the walls of green rooms, this scourge is quite difficult to get rid of;
4. Cotoneaster - plant only in the sun and in a windless place;
5. As for barberries, use only Thunberg barberry;
6. Spirea cinerea "Grefsheim") - considered one of the best flowering shrubs. The flowers of this spirea are formed on the shoots of the second year of life, so if you want to get abundant flowering, do not cut the bush. If a decision is made to form bosquets from this spirea, you should forget about flowers. Spiraea grefsheim is compact and has a beautiful leaf;
7. Lemoine mock orange (Philadelphus lemoinei) - denser than the common mock orange, but still: the wall of a green room formed from it will be quite loose, and you will have to forget about flowering, just as in the case of spirea;
8. Plum leaf hawthorn (Crataegus prunifolia) - winters great and looks great in hedges, but has a rather high price;
9. Hungarian lilac - grow under conditions of fantastically well prepared soil for planting and a warm microclimate.

Good luck in choosing plants for your “green room”!

There are many types and forms of tree and shrub plantings, they are even more diverse, thanks to this there are closed, semi-open and open spaces in parks and gardens.

Let's consider the main design elements of tree and shrub plantings, moving from the penumbra of the “green cabinet” through the labyrinth to the sunny parterres: shrub arabesques and topiary tangles.

This diversity provides the opportunity to organize all forms of leisure from solitude, quiet and relaxation and admiring/enjoying the beauty of unique landscapes created by the hands of skilled craftsmen according to the designs of remarkable landscape architects and designers of the past and present, to active games, walking or cycling along alleys and paths park or garden.

All tree and shrub plantings, like herbaceous ones, are divided into two groups of landscape architecture elements: strip-area and single-group. Band-area elements are more widespread, so let's start with them.

Area tree and shrub plantings include groves, massifs, monogardens and bosquets.

Untrimmed tree and shrub plantings that form the closed space of the park include groves.
A grove is understood as a significant area of ​​the park territory occupied by planting trees of predominantly one species. Groves are usually proportionate to the area of ​​the park and are the main elements of its enclosed space. In practice, their names are usually abbreviated, for example, birch grove - birch forest. Accordingly, by analogy: lime forest, pine forest, spruce forest, oak forest, aspen forest - according to the dominant type of trees.
I will not give photo examples of groves, since even I can distinguish a linden from an oak or aspen.

Located in the peripheral and outlying parts of the park, they have a decisive influence on the volumetric-spatial structure of the park as a whole.
This is due to the fact that there are edges around them, and inside the groves there are areas of ponds, clearings or lawns. Connected by park paths and alleys, the groves are a combination of a number of unique landscape compositions. A brief description of them is also necessary, but the description of landscape compositions is the most difficult section, to which we will return at the end of our educational program.

The second place in terms of area by type of tree and shrub compositions is occupied by arrays and bosquets. They refer to the elements of the park that form the semi-open space of the park - a transition from closed to open space.

An array or grove is a fairly large form of planting used in landscape parks. Functionally, the array represents a transition between open and closed types of plantings. Typically, an array consists of untrimmed, free-growing trees and shrubs, deciduous or deciduous-coniferous species or species, which gives such compositions special expressiveness and beauty.

On the left is an array of deciduous trees planted on both sides along the canal, landscape motifs of a regular park, Chantilly Park, France
On the right is an array of coniferous-deciduous trees and shrubs, Lower Park, Greater Windsor, England

Sometimes plants in an array (or even a grove) are planted in a checkerboard pattern; we’ll talk about this planting method in more detail next time.

Edge is a planting that is an important element of a landscape composition or ensemble. The edges are bordered by groves, massifs, clumps and other large tree and shrub groups along the perimeter. The goal is to create a coloristic effect, eliminating the “border” or gap between two different spaces. It is the edge that provides a smooth transition from closed space to open space, and vice versa, for example, from a lawn or clearing to a grove. This requires careful selection and combination of breeds.

edge in Chantilly park edge of Tsaritsyn landscape park

Small tree and shrub monogardens, as part of parks, are found quite often, but little attention is usually paid to their photography and characterization. Perhaps because the fruit plants that are planted in parks are ungrafted, the tradition of admiring the blossoms has not become widespread in our country.

The most common shrub monogardens include rosaries (shrub varieties of roses), syringarias (shrub species of syringe - lilac) and heather gardens.
Left - from Irene grove (syringarium) in Dikanka, Poltava region, Ukraine; on right -Heather Garden, Wisley Botanic Garden, Surrey, southern England

There are a huge number of types of monogardens, just imagine how many types of fruit and berry trees and shrubs exist. And most of them are used as plantings in parks around the world.

Bosquet is also a fairly large geometric form of planting used in regular parks. Functionally, a bosquet also represents a transition between open and closed types of plantings, but it is a more complex formation. In the historical past, bosquets played a large role in the structure of regular parks, but now their place is often given to massifs; they are more picturesque.

There are several types of bosquets:

“Green grove”, where coniferous or deciduous, trimmed trees are planted in several even rows (the Romans preferred five rows) usually in the shape of a square or rectangle - a purely areal form of planting. This type of bosquet is rare.

“green grove” - deciduous bosquet with crowns in the form of balls (or what remains of it)
in the Catherine Park of Tsarskoe Selo, outskirts of St. Petersburg

“green grove” - deciduous bosquet with crowns in the form of cylinders
(right, behind the first branch of the water parterre), Versailles, France

“Green hall” or “green office” or “green theater”. They differ from each other in the size of the internal space; in the “halls” it is larger, and the stage of the “green theater” is the largest. Clipped plants are planted around the perimeter of the territory, usually in two rows. The interior space of the “hall” or “office” is used as a place of rest or privacy, and the “theater” as a stage for a performance. These forms are complex because rows of trees form the outline of the walls of a roofless building in a regular park. Such elements of park design are also very rare nowadays. I didn’t find any examples online, although I saw with my own eyes “green offices or halls,” but I don’t remember exactly which ones and where (in which park) in France and Germany. Therefore, I use examples from tutorials offered on the Internet. As always, friends, I hope for your help and I have no doubt that you will find such parks and show us all wonderful examples of “green offices, halls and theaters.”

"green office"

“green hall”, which, in the traditions of antiquity, is surrounded by a green arcade

“green theater”, where some ancient play is performed against the backdrop of green theater scenes,
actors, according to all the rules of the genre, three

To decorate any bosquets, geometric curly haircuts are widely used. The crowns are shaped like parallelepipeds, balls, cubes, pyramids (the latter form is more often used for conifers).

Strip design elements for tree and shrub plantings include:

“Green wall” - framing parterres, alleys, stairs or very large areas; created from very closely planted tall plants (usually about 2 m high), trimmed on both sides to fit a flat wall surface. Plants can be supported by a trellis - a wooden or metal lattice, or a wire stretched in several rows and attached to posts.

Topiary, deciduous or coniferous trees were planted in one or two rows, framing the side edges of the parterres. Thus, the idea of ​​King Louis XIV: “parterre - hall of the palace” extended over a vast territory.
The modern Versailles Park carefully preserves the fantasies of the “Sun King,” and the fact that plants are now displayed in “tubs” (due to the high cost of the project) does not detract from the overall impression.

"green walls" of the Grand Parterre of the Park of Versailles

"green walls" of the water parterre of the Versailles canal park

"green wall" along the stairs in Linderhof park, Germany

“Green corridor” - is formed by planting high “green walls” on both sides of a path or alley, opposite each other, the crowns of which, visually closing, form an area of ​​constant shadow.

“green corridor” - alley of Versailles Park, France

Green arcades are plantings of tall trees (for example, cypresses), the tops of which are connected by grafting, resulting in the formation of tall Gothic or Romanesque living arches.

"green arches and arcades" of Granada, Spain

"green arcades" of the Schwetzingen Palace park, Germany

Hedge - plantings of trees and/or shrubs, which are trimmed into the shape of a “green wall” - closed, impenetrable plantings.

Hedges can be multi-tiered: one-, two- and three-row, of varying heights. In multi-tiered three-row hedges, each subsequent row, starting from the path, is 25-50 cm higher than the previous one. To create hedges, plants are used that are easy to trim, often climbing (hawthorn, cotoneaster, etc.). The fence can be winding, forming niches and ledges.

hedges of Catherine Park, Tsarskoe Selo, environs of St. Petersburg, Russia

Three steps of the lawn are separated by a bush border and hedges: the first, narrow, is almost invisible, it is separated from the second by a narrow bush border, the second and third steps are separated by a low bush fence. Perpendicular to them on the left are two fragments of a high hedge, separating the stepped lawns and the “green grove” from other parts of the park.

winding hedge in the park of Birona Palace in Rundale, Latvia

Shrub plantings are widely used to form such widespread elements as borders and ridges, which are almost an obligatory part of open space compositions.

bush edging between two lawns, Lower Park, Great Windsor, England

The design elements of predominantly shrub plantings, which are a combination of areal and linear forms “in one glass,” include a labyrinth, topiary and parterres.

The labyrinth is one of the widespread and favorite design elements of tree and shrub plantings among visitors of all ages. A labyrinth is a system of intricate passages or an intricate passage with one or several exits, usually arranged from single-tiered, trimmed hedges (plantings of shrubby species of hornbeam, linden, laurel). In the historical past, labyrinths had religious, pilgrimage or educational significance; nowadays they are created exclusively for entertainment purposes.

Labyrinth Horta park, Barcelona, ​​Spain

Topiary is a very fashionable nowadays, but known since antiquity, topiary cutting of trees and shrubs. Most often, topiary is a bizarre interweaving of ribbon forms of low-cut shrubs over a large area, resulting in the formation of a resemblance to the patterned parterres of the past.

Rocamadour near Toulouse, France

Many shrub parterres - heritage monuments - make a much stronger impression on park visitors with the volume of their compositions, moreover, the degree of preservation of such ensembles is higher than that of flower parterres.

The trimmed bush holds its shape well, so the smallest details of the arabesque lace pattern are better visible.

If necessary, from shrub ridges you can create any geometric shapes of containers for flower plantings, of a contrasting or complementary nature.

contrasting parterre, Versailles Park, France

lace parterre of Hellbrunn Palace Park, Salzburg, Austria

combination of lacy parterre of a regular park and landscape tree plantings
English park of the Upper Palace Park Het Loo, the Netherlands

These are the main, but not all, design elements of areal and ribbon tree and shrub plantings of all types of space in parks. However, even these are quite enough to have an idea of ​​the compositions and ensembles that decorate the gardens and parks of our and other countries of the world.

The next, final step in considering herbaceous, shrub and tree plantings will be familiarization with individual and group forms/design elements of landscape gardening compositions and ensembles.