The Yakut language belongs to the Turkic languages. It belongs to the Yakut people, which make up the bulk of the indigenous population of the Yakut ASSR. It is also widespread among the Evenks, Evens and Russians living on the territory of the YaASSR, as well as in adjacent areas outside the republic. Dolgans (Sakha), who live in the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) national district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, speak a peculiar dialect of the Yakut language.

The historical conditions of life of the Yakuts were such that they officially adopted Orthodoxy long ago, coexisting with shamanism. Therefore, most of the Yakut names are Russian. They are even called a word of Russian origin. apaspaannya(nickname) and consist of a name, patronymic and surname. However, the names borrowed from the Russian language underwent in the Yakut language the same sound transformations as all borrowed words, as a result of which their Yakut sounding is very different from the Russian one. So, russian name Gregory turned into Yakut Kirgielth, Fedor - in Suoder, Peter - in Buotur, Roman - in Araman, Xenophon - in Silupien etc. At present, in official cases (documents), the Russian spelling and pronunciation of names is preferred, but their Yakut spelling is also allowed in fiction.

Although proper names were given in the old days at baptism, their sound in the Yakut language was determined not by the official, but by the Russian folk pronunciation. For example, the fact that the Russian name Elena sounds in Yakut Oloono, due to the borrowing of the folk Olyona (Alena), Russian Irina turned into Oruune under the influence of the folk Orin (Arina), Evdokia became Ogdoochchuya from the folk Ovdotya (Avdotya). The same can be observed in male names. For example: Mukiite - Russian. Nikita (folk Mikita), Miimerei- Russian. Dmitry (folk Mitri), Ha6yryylla - Russian. Gabriel (folk Gabriel).

Patronymics are accepted in the official speech among the urban and rural population. They can also be heard in the village with emphatically polite handling. Middle names are formed according to the Russian model, but from the names in their Yakut sound, and Russian suffixes - ovich and - ram in the Yakut language, they change their vowel in accordance with the vocalization of the stem. Wed, for example: Bahylaya6ys - Vasilevich, Terentheyabus- Terentyevich.

Ohonoohoyo6us- Afanasevich, Bahylaya6yna - Vasilevna, Terenmeyebine

- Terentyevna.

Surnames in the Yakut language are either simply of Russian origin with phonetic changes, or are created according to their model. For example, Condocuop - Kandakov, Kondokuoba - Kandakova, Kerekin - Koryakin, Kerekine - Koryakina, Donuskuoy - Donskoy, Donuskaia - Donskaya.

Russian surnames, formed from their own names, in the Yakut language acquired a sound in accordance with the sound of these names. Wed, for example: Diaaky waslap - Yakovlev ( Diaakip - Jacob), Kirgielayep - Grigoriev ( Kirgielay - Grigory), Mapniyayan - Matveev ( Mapnyay - Matvey), Habyryyllayan- Gavrilov ( Habyryylla - Gabriel).

Many Yakut surnames were also formed from Yakut words, most often nicknames, which in pre-revolutionary life were used as proper names or together with them as a definition for them. This is how the heroes of literary works describing the life of the Yakut people before the revolution are called. For example: Uulaah Uy6aan ‘Sleepy Ivan’ (the name of the hero of the story “Caries Tuoluuta” by Erylik Eristin); Bahyaxtyyr Balbaara ‘Large, clumsy and fast in movement Varvara’; Swan Suonpuya ‘Fat Sophia’; Yrya Yldyaa ‘Song Ilya’.

Many modern surnames have evolved from nicknames. For example: Basygasov (from adjective bahygas ‘Able to draw’); Mandarov (mandar ‘Embroidery, pattern’); Senyabulev (sene6ul ‘Humiliation’).

Writers' pseudonyms also adjoin this kind of surnames: A. Beforeforduurap (beforeforduur ‘Friend’); Kunnuk Urastyuyran (V.M. Novikov); Tugunuurep (N.M. Andreev). Among the pseudonyms, surnames formed from Yakut words with the affix are very common - skye: Oyuunuskay, Oyuuruskay, Suntaariskay.

Proper names, borrowed from the Russian language, are used in the Yakut language with Yakut diminutive-affectionate affixes. For example: Dyoguordeen from Djoguor(Egor), Maheeche from Maheele (Michael), Baibaaski from Baibal

(Paul), Semenchik from Semen (Semyon), Aanys from Aan (Anna), Oruunchuk from Oruune (Orina) Suokuche from Suokule (Thekla) Buotukke from Buotur (Peter) and others. These names, as if new, more euphonious and distinctive for the Yakut

linguistic consciousness, had a very wide use and continue to function in the colloquial language and fiction. They, possessing a dim diminutive meaning, are used by people of all ages. This is evidenced by their frequent accompaniment in the literature by an application such as wall ‘Boy’, ‘young man’ aboutfonnior'old man'. For example: Semenchik wall‘Boy Senya’,

Daays kyys ‘Girl Dasha’, Aanys emehsin ‘Old woman Annushka’, Meheche aboutfonnior ‘Old man Mikhail’. Truncated forms from Russian names are also used as new or just petting names. For example: Motuo, Motuona from Moturuon (Matryona), Boruscuo from Boroskuobuya(Praskovya), Okuluun from Okuluune (Akulina).

Along with these diminutive names, the Yakuts also use Russian diminutive forms, both phonetically modified and without change. For example: Baasa- Vasya, Boruonña - Pronya, Duongya - Dunya, Maas - Masha, Miise - Misha, Moruusa - Marusya, Kilaaba - Klava, Dioguosse -sibirsk. Egorsha.

After the revolution, among the Yakuts, as well as among all the peoples of the Soviet Union, new names began to spread. An example is male names such as Kommunar, Kim, Spartak, Marat, or such Russian names as Svetlana, Western European names Albina, Arthur, Rose, Ioannina, Clara, Karl.

Recently, the names of popular heroes of legends from oral folk art, the names of localities, rivers, birds, flowers, as well as poetic neoplasms, have become often used as personal names. For example, the names of the legendary ancestors of the Yakuts were widely used as male names: Elley (Ellay) Omofoy (Omogoi), name of the legendary rebel of the last century Manchaary (Manchars), derived from the nickname Manchaary Bahylai 'Osoka Vasily', as well as names in honor of favorite heroes of olonkho (epics): Tuyaaryma (from the verb tuyaar ‘Twitter’ (about a lark) Nyurgun (the name of the hero, meaning ’best’, ‘glorious’), Walan(part of the hero's name, literally: ‘young man’), etc.

The names of the heroines of popular works of modern Yakut writers are used as female names: Kunney (the heroine of the drama Suorun Omollon "Kukur uus"; the name is derived from the stem coon 'the sun'), Saisary (the heroine of the drama of the same name by Suorun Omollon).

We also note the names in honor of the largest rivers of Yakutia: female Lena (R. Lena in Yakut Olulne) and Yana- (R. Yana); male Aldan (r. Aldan), Vilyui (the Vilyui river, in Yakut Buluu is the name of the area through which the Vilyui river flows), Tommo (name of the village, in Yakut Tonmom- ‘non-freezing’); names from the names of birds, sung in the works of oral folk art, mainly female: Quoregei ‘Lark’ Kuoregeycheene ‘Lark’, Kymalykchaan ‘Crane’.

New names are formed from the names of various objects, in some way attractive to humans. This is very interesting, since in the old days, names were usually given to children in order to save their lives from the intrigues of evil spirits. In order to deceive the spirits, names were usually given such that they did not arouse interest. These were mainly the names of various unpleasant, and often simply unpleasant objects, which were usually replaced with an official name with age or sometimes remained with people for life as a second, unofficial name.

New names form diminutive forms using affixes - laan and -chaan.

An interesting feature of female names is the affix - and, transferred, apparently, from Russian female names.

In the list below, names borrowed from the Russian language, new names, and names formed from borrowed names are highlighted.

Yakut names, in addition to traditional national names, are largely borrowed from russian names, but they underwent sound transformations in the Yakut language, therefore the Yakut sound of the names is very different from the Russian. There are also names borrowed from other peoples.

In Yakutia, there is a tradition of the parallel use of Russian and traditional national names. That is, the Yakuts have a Russian given name and surname and a national name and surname.

Yakut language refers to the Turkic languages.

Yakut male and female names

Differences between male and female names

It is interesting that the male and female Yakut names did not differ significantly. For example, girls were named Timir Ayakh, and boys were called Ayakh. It was possible to meet a Bylay man and a Bullay woman. Along with this, there were exclusively male names - Ayal, Sylan, Timirdey. And names that belong only to women - Chiskiy, Udagan. In modern Yakut names, gender is morphologically expressed only in some female names with the ending -а, following the example of Russian names.

Metamorphoses of Christian names

The early Christianization of the Yakut people, which began simultaneously with the annexation of Yakutia to Russia in the second half of the 17th century, led to the gradual ousting of pagan names. Although the Yakuts were officially considered Christians, they remained faithful to their folk customs for a long time, they combined Orthodoxy with shamanism, and baptismal names underwent such metamorphoses that it was difficult to recognize them. So, Gregory turned into Kirgielei, Fedor - into Suodera, Peter - into Buotura, and Xenophon became Silipien. Many Russian names have taken root in the Yakut language thanks to the folk form. Elena in Yakut sounds like Oloono (Olena), Irina - Oruune (Orina), Nikita - Mikiite (Mikita), and Gabriel - Habyryylla (Gavrila). It took a long time for Laglar to be called Nikolai, Mundu - Yegor, and Moto - Mikhail.

Traditional personal names usually have a literal meaning (names of animals, plants, other objects of nature). In the past, the custom was widespread to give a child a "disgusting" name in order to scare away evil spirits - a pagan custom well-known among other nations. However, now such traditional names, even if given to whom, are not used in society.

FEMALE YAKUT NAMES
Aldana - river Aldan
Aiyy Kuo - beautiful light deity
Altaana - copper
Altana - copper
Ayaana - the way, the way
Ayana - the way, the way
Aytalyyn - a bright deity
Aita - a bright deity
Aytalina - a bright deity
Aiyyn - a bright deity
Ayina - a bright deity
Aiyy - a bright deity
Kytalyyn - Siberian Crane
Kytalyna - Siberian Crane
Kүnnay - solar
Künniai - solar
Keskileene - the future
Keskilena - the future
Kerecheene - beautiful
Kerechene - beautiful
Michiye - smiling
Michie - smiling
Naryyaana - tender
Naryyana - tender
Nyurguyaana - snowdrop
Nyurguyana - snowdrop
Nyurgustaana - the land of snowdrops
Nyurgustan - the land of snowdrops
Sayaara - summer, summer
Sayara - summer, summer
Sainara - Thinking
Sainara - Thinking
Saisaar - from Saisar
Saisar - from Saisar
Saiyna - summer, summer
Saina - summer, summer
Sandaara - shining
Sandara - shining
Sargylaana - ray
Sargylana - ray
Sardaana - flower of sardaana
Sardana - flower of sardaana
Sakhaya - Yakut
Sakhaya - Yakut
Sakhayaana - Yakut
Sakhayana - Yakut
Tuyaara - light, airy
Tuyaaryma - light, airy
Tuyara - light, airy
Tuyaryma - light, airy
Tuskulaana - the future
Tuskulana - the future
Uyguun - wealth
Uiguna - wealth
Uygulaana - wealth
Uygulana - wealth
Haarchaana - snowy, snow maiden
Kharchana - snowy, snow maiden

MEN'S YAKUT NAMES
Ayaan - travel
Ainan - travel
Ay - inventor
Ayyy - to invent
Ayaal - to invent
Ayal - inventor
Aytal - the light deity-creator
Aikhal - joy
Ayhan - joy
Aikhal-michil - not losing weight
Aiyy Sienne - grandson of aiyy
Scarlet - blessed
Alaady - pancake
Arbay - bush
Atyrdakh - pitchfork
Baroon - Baron
Bebei - darling
Boltorhoy - chubby
Braaskai - drilled
Bergen - accurate
Dalbaray - chick
Dohsun - daring
Duolan - daring
Dyulustaan \u200b\u200b- stubborn, purposeful
Kuobach - the hare
Kytakh - a large wooden bowl
Kaskil - a better future
Manchaary - sedge
Michil - smile, joy, happiness
Nuucha - Russian, Russian
Nuolan - discreet, unhurried
Sallaat - soldier
Sulustaan \u200b\u200bis a star
Sergeh - empathetic, careful
Tolluman is fearless
Timir - iron
Tuskul is a better future
Walan is a man
Urui-michil - joy and celebration
Urgel - constellation Pleiades
Horula - who came from Horula
Chorrun - harsh, rude
Kharyskhan - protector of blood
Ergis - spinning, energetic
Erchim - energetic
Erhaan - brave blood
Erhan - brave blood
Erkin - honest
Elley - the progenitor of the Yakuts

The Yakut language belongs to the Turkic languages. It belongs to the Yakut people, which make up the bulk of the indigenous population of the Yakut ASSR. It is also widespread among the Evenks, Evens and Russians living in the territory of the YaASSR, as well as in adjacent areas outside the republic. Dolgans (Sakha), who live in the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) national district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, speak a peculiar dialect of the Yakut language.

The historical conditions of life of the Yakuts were such that they officially accepted right-Slavism long ago, coexisting with shamanism. Therefore, most of the Yakut names are Russian. They are even called by their Russian origin the word apaspaannya (nickname) and consist of a name, patronymic and surname. However, the names borrowed from the Russian language underwent in the Yakut language the same sound transformations as all borrowed words, as a result of which their Yakut sounding is very different from the Russian one. So, the Russian name Grigory turned into Yakut in Kirgieli, Fedor - in Suoder, Peter - in Buotur, Roman - in Aramaan, Xenophon - in Si-lupien, etc. At present, in official cases (documents), Russian writing is preferred and the pronunciation of names, but their Yakut spelling is also allowed in fiction.

Although proper names were given in the old days at baptism, their sound in the Yakut language was determined not by the official, but by the Russian folk pronunciation. For example, the fact that the Russian name Elena sounds in Yakut Oloono is explained by the borrowing of the folk Olyona (Alena), the Russian Irina turned into Oruune under the influence of the folk Orin (Arina), Evdokia became Ogdoochchuya from the folk Ovdotya (Avdotya). The same can be observed in male names. For example: Mukiite - Russian. Nikita (folk Mikita), Miimerei - Russian. Dmitry (folk Mitriy), Kha6yrylla - Russian. Gabriel (folk Gabriel).

Patronymics are accepted in the official speech among the urban and rural population. They can also be heard in the village with emphatically polite treatment. Patronymics are formed according to the Russian model, but from the names in their Yakut sound, and the Russian suffixes -ovich and -ovna in the Yakut language change their vowel in accordance with the vocalization of the stem. Wed, for example: Bahylaya-6ys - Vasilievich, Terentayebus - Terentyevich.

Okhonoohoyo6us - Afanasyevich, Bahylaya6yna - Vasilievna, Terenmeyebine - Terentyevna.

Surnames in the Yakut language are either simply of Russian origin with phonetic changes, or created according to their model. For example, Kondokuop - Kandakov, Kondokuoba - Kandakova, Kerekin - Koryakin, Kerekine - Korya-kina, Donuskuoy - Donskoy, Donuskaia - Donskaya.

Russian surnames, formed from their own names, in the Yakut language acquired a sound in accordance with the sound of these names. Wed, for example: Diakybylap - Yakovlev (Diaakyp - Yakov), Kirgielayep - Grigoriev (Kirgielei - Grigory), Mapniyayan - Matveyev (Mapniyay - Matvey), Ha-byryyllayan - Gavrilov (Khabyryylla).

Many Yakut surnames were also formed from Yakut words, most often nicknames, which in pre-revolutionary life were used as proper names or together with them as a definition for them. This is how the heroes of literary works describing the life of the Yakut people before the revolution are called. For example: Uulaah Uy6aan "sleepy Ivan" (the name of the hero according to the story of Erylik Eristina "Caries tuoluuta"); Ba-hyaxtyyr Balbaara "large, clumsy and fast in movements Varvara"; Suon Suonpuya "thick Sophia"; Yrya Yldyaa "Song of Ilya".

Many modern surnames have evolved from nicknames. For example: Basygasov (from the adjective bahygas "able to draw"); Mandarov (mandar "embroidery, pattern"); Senyabulev (sene6ul "humiliation").

The pseudonyms of writers adjoin this kind of surnames: A. Doforduurap (doforduur "friend"); Kunnuk Urastyuyran (V.M. Novikov); Tugunuurep (N.M. Andreev). Among the pseudonyms, surnames formed from Yakut words with the affix -skay are very common: Oyuunuskay, Oyuuruskay, Suntaariskay.

Proper names, borrowed from the Russian language, are used in the Yakut language with the Yakut diminutive-affectionate affixes. For example: Dyoguordeen from Dyoguor (Egor), Me-heche from Maheele (Mikhail), Baibaasky from Baibal

(Pavel), Semenchik ot Semen (Semyon), Aanys ot Aan (Anna), Oruunchuk ot Orune (Orina), Suokuche ot Suokule (Fyokla), Buotukke ot Buotur (Peter), etc. These names, as if new, are more euphonic and distinctive for the Yakut

linguistic consciousness, had a very wide use and continue to function in spoken "language and fiction. They, possessing a dim diminutive meaning, are used by people of all ages. This is evidenced by the accompaniment of their application, which is often found in literature. genie like wall "boy", "young man", оfonnor "old man." For example: Semenchik wall "boy Senya",

Daays kyys "girl Dasha", Aanys emehsin "old woman Annushka", Mekheche оfonnor "old man Mi-haila". Truncated forms from Russian names are also used as new or simply petting names. For example: Motuo, Motuona from Moturuon (Matryona), Boruscuo from Boroskuobuya (Praskovya), Okuluun from Okuluune (Akulina).

Along with these diminutive names, the yaku-ty also use Russian diminutive-affectionate forms, both phonetically changed and without change. For example: Baasa - Vasya, Bo-ruonnya - Pronya, Duunya - Dunya, Maasa - Masha, Miise - Misha, Moruusa - Marusya, Kylaaba - Klava, Djoguosse - Siberian Egorsha.

After the revolution, among the Yakuts, as well as among all the peoples of the Soviet Union, new names began to spread. An example is such male names as Kommunar, Kim, Spartak, Marat, or such Russian names as Svetlana, Western European names Albina, Arthur, Rosa, Yanina, Klara, Karl.

Recently, the names of popular heroes of legends from oral folk art, the names of localities, rivers, birds, flowers, as well as poetic neoplasms have become often used as personal names. For example, the names of the legendary ancestors of the Yakuts were widely used as male names: Elley (Ellai), Omofoy (Omogoy), the name of the legendary rebel of the last century Manchaary (Manchary), which arose from the nickname of Manchaara Bakhylai - "Sedge Vasily", and also names in honor of favorite heroes of olonkho (epics): Tuyaaryma (from the verb tuyaar "twitter" (about a lark), Nurgun (a hero's name meaning "the best", "glorious"), Walan (part of the hero's name, literally: "youth" ) etc.

The names of the heroines of the popular works of modern Yakut writers are used as female names: Kunnei (the heroine of the Suo-run Omollon's drama "Kukur uus"; the name is derived from the basis of kun "sun"), Saisara (the heroine of the drama of the same name by Suorun Omollon).

Let us also note the names in honor of the largest rivers of Yakutia: the female Lena (river Lena in Yakut Olulne) and Yana - (river Yana); male Aldan (river Aldan), Vilyui (river Vilyui, in Yakut Buluu is the name of the area through which the river Vilyui flows), Tommom (name of the village, in Yakut Tonmom - "not freezing"); the names from the names of birds, sung in the works of oral folk art, are predominantly female: Kuoregei "lark", Kuoregeycheene "lark", Kymalykchaana "zhu-ravlik".

New names are formed from the names of various objects, in some way attractive to humans. This is very interesting, since in the old days, names were usually given to children in order to save their lives from the intrigues of evil spirits. To deceive the spirits, names were usually given such that they did not arouse interest. These were mainly the names of various unpleasant, and often simply unpleasant objects, which were usually replaced by an official name with age or sometimes remained with people for life as a second, un-official name.

The new names form diminutive forms with the affixes -laan and -chaan.

An interesting feature of female names is the affix -а, apparently transferred from Russian female names.

The Yakut language comes from Turkic. But it became widespread among Russians, Evenks and Evens living in the territory of Yakutia and adjacent republics. There is also a peculiar dialect on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Yakut culture is a mixture of shamanism and Orthodoxy.

A bit of history

An interesting fact is that many Yakut names were still borrowed from the Russian language. But this is easy to explain. The Yakuts have adopted Orthodoxy for a long time. Therefore, most of their names are Russian. In the old days, they were given at baptism. The ancient names have changed a lot and now sound in a modern way. Although the Yakuts call each other in their own language among themselves, in communication with the Russians they prefer the officially accepted options, more familiar to outsiders.

Model of Yakut names

In modern times, the Yakut model of names is trinomial. It consists of first name, patronymic and last name. And most often it sounds in Russian (Yegor Zakharovich Sokolov). But often the surnames are of Yakut origin (for example, Mogusov). Sometimes there is also a personal name in the Yakut language. Among the surnames, the most common are Ivanov, Vasiliev, Petrov. There is also a "church" origin (for example, Dyachkovsky).

In the Yakut language, simple folk forms of names are mainly entrenched. There are diminutive or transformed forms. Earlier, affectionate affixes ("kaan", "chik", "ka", etc.) were widely used.

They are still used today. But the more popular are the affixes "chaan" and "laan". Moreover, they are used for people of any age category. Diminutive Yakut names can be found not only in conversations, but also in fiction.

Meaning of names

The meaning of Yakut names can be quite interesting. For example, before the adoption of Orthodoxy, some names were given to children immediately at birth, while others were acquired by them a little later. The initial ones were formed from the Yakut appellatives. And the choice had different motives: physical disabilities, circumstances at birth, "protective" against diseases and hardships.

For example, to deceive "evil spirits", the name given at birth was considered forbidden. Instead, the child was given a nickname. It was also used as a name. For nicknames, animals, names of objects, traits of character or appearance, etc. were chosen. In modern times, such “underground” names have lost their etymological meaning. But many Yakut names have survived. And most often belong to older people.

The semantics of the nicknames are now very clear. It goes back to common nouns (Kuobakh - "hare", Atyrdakh - "pitchfork", etc.). The largest group of nicknames consists of emphasizing or bad character traits of a person, his appearance, manners or physical disabilities. For example, Boltorhoy (chubby), Sergeh (sensitive), etc. Often a nickname was given by the name of the area or its characteristic features.

Nicknames are sometimes given in modern times. You can find a Yakut who has a nickname, a middle and Russian name. But nevertheless, in modern times, newborns receive a Yakut name, which is chosen from the folk epic, popular works, and large rivers. But quite often completely new Yakut names are created. For example, after the revolution there appeared "Kommunar", "Karl", "Klara".

National nicknames among the Yakuts did not previously have an explicit division into male and female. In modern times, everything has changed somewhat. Some nicknames came to be considered names, divided into male and female, or referred to both genders.

Female and male names

The Yakut names of girls, like boys, came from the names of strong animals and birds. They seemed to "share" their qualities with newborns (for example, Khota - "eagle"). Over time, as aunts got older, the original names or nicknames did not quite match the native speakers. In this case, the child was assigned an additional name, already "adult" (for example, Taragay "bald").

Girls were often named by the names of rivers (for example, Lena, Yana), and boys - Vilyui, Aldan. The legendary Yakut ancestors were very popular among male names: Elley, Manchaary. Or favorite heroes of legends: Tuyaaryma, Nyurgun. Among female names, the names of famous Yakut writers or their heroines are still popular. Poetic new formations were and remain very relevant. Of these, new male and female names of the Yakuts often appear.

Popular names

Most popular male names:

• Aikhal - not losing weight;
• Ayhan - joy;
• Bergen - accurate;
• Dohsun - daring;
• Nuolan is reasonable;
• Timir - iron;
• Tolluman is fearless;
• Erhan is brave blood.

• Ayana - path, road;
• Altana - copper;
• Kerechene - beautiful;
• Michie - smiling;
• Sainara - thinking;
• Naryyana is tender.

It is worth noting that the Yakut names of boys did not differ much from girls (Byllay, Ayakh, etc.). But there were also exclusively female ones - Udagan, Chiskiy. And also only male ones - Timirdey, Ayal or Sylan. In modern times, gender can only be determined by the ending "a".