Demo version of the exam in biology. Demonstration options oge in biology

SPECIFICATION
control measuring materials
of the unified state examination of 2018 in BIOLOGY

1. Appointment of KIM USE

The Unified State Exam (hereinafter - the Unified State Exam) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs of secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).

The Unified State Exam is conducted in accordance with Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation”.

Control and measuring materials make it possible to establish the level of mastering by the graduates of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education in biology, basic and specialized level.

The results of the unified state exam in biology are recognized by educational organizations of secondary vocational education and educational organizations of higher
vocational education as the results of entrance examinations in biology.

2. Documents defining the content of the KIM USE

3. Approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of the KIM USE

The basis for the development of the CIM USE is the invariant core of the content of biological education, which is reflected in the Federal component of the state standard for secondary (complete) general education, various sample programs and textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of secondary general education in biology.
KIM USE examines the mastery of the knowledge and skills of the main sections of the course of biology: "Plants", "Bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens ”,“ Animals ”,“ Man and his health ”,“ General biology ”. This allows you to check the main content of the course, to ensure the content validity of the CMM. The content of the KIM USE does not go beyond the course of secondary school biology and does not depend on which program and which textbook is taught in a particular educational organization.

In the examination work, tasks for the section "General Biology" prevail, since it integrates and generalizes the factual knowledge gained in basic school, considers general biological laws that manifest themselves at different levels of organization of living nature. These include: cellular, chromosomal, evolutionary theories; laws of heredity and variability; ecological patterns of biosphere development.

Tasks that control the degree of mastery of knowledge and skills cover the most significant issues of the content of the course in biology and check the graduates' scientific worldview and biological competence.

4. The structure of the KIM USE

Each version of the CMM examination paper contains 28 tasks and consists of two parts, differing in form and level of complexity. Part 1 contains 21 tasks:

7 - with multiple choice with or without a picture;
6 - to establish compliance with a drawing or without it;
3 - to establish the sequence of systematic taxa, biological objects, processes, phenomena;
2 - to solve biological problems in cytology and genetics;
1 - to add missing information in the scheme;
1 - to add missing information in the table;
1 - for the analysis of information presented in graphical or tabular form.

The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word (phrase), number or sequence of numbers, written without spaces and separating symbols.

Part 2 contains 7 tasks with a detailed answer. In these tasks, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in an expanded form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with a high level of biological training.

In part 1, tasks 1-21 are grouped according to meaningful blocks presented in the codifier, which provides a more accessible
perception of information. In part 2, tasks are grouped depending on the types of educational activities being tested and in accordance with thematic affiliation.

It is known that the conditions for the USE have not undergone significant changes over the past 6-7 years. And suddenly in the summer of 2016, "like a bolt from the blue" the information passed that they say everything - there will be no more tests!

The rumors turned out to be grossly exaggerated. In addition to Part 2 of the examination work, the test Part 1 () is also preserved.

What awaits applicants in 2018?

This year, already in August, the FIPI employees published the drafts of the Codifier, Specifications and A demo of the exam paper itself.

It became clear that this year, fortunately, there will be no surprise.

Those who started preparing for the biology exam since last year may not change anything in their preparation strategy. And who will start preparing from September this year can be sure, judging by the published Demo version of 2018, that the examination work and the conditions for the examination will be completely the same.

As before, I advise all applicants not to neglect the information set forth in the Codifier and the Specification, so that the strategy for preparing for the USE in biology is the most optimal. For this I have on my blog a whole series of video tutorials ““.

Many questions from the 2018 Exam Paper Demo already.

In this article, as always, I wanted to sort out some "delicate", not very well-written Demo questions.

And you know, I just have no complaints about the 2018 Demo!

Nevertheless, I will comment on some tasks.

12. Select three correctly labeled captions for the figure showing the structure of the ear. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) external auditory canal
2) eardrum
3) the auditory nerve
4) stirrup
5) semicircular canal
6) snail
Even very small arrows in the figure allow you to give clear answers..

27. It is known that all types of RNA are synthesized on a DNA template. A fragment of a DNA molecule, on which a region of the central loop of tRNA is synthesized, has the following nucleotide sequence: GCT TCTAC ACT GTT ACA. Establish the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA region that is synthesized on this fragment, and the amino acid that this tRNA will carry in the process of protein biosynthesis, if the third triplet corresponds to the tRNA anticodon. Explain the answer. To solve the problem, use the genetic code table

.

Now, when this test is repeated already, it becomes even ridiculous. How many "copies were broken" in the comments on my blog when they tried to prove to me on behalf of the "experts" that there was nothing to "reinvent the wheel" and once given we will build a DNA chain along it i-RNA... And on the site I will solve the Unified State Exam, the wrong decision hung for a whole year.
1. The region of the central loop of tRNA will have the following nucleotide sequence: CGA AGG UGA CAA UGU.
2. The central triplet of this region of the CAA is an anticodon to its complementary mRNA codon. You should find this codon of i-RNA, since the table of the genetic code is built on the correspondence of codons (triplets) of i-RNA to certain amino acids, which is what you need to know to establish the translation of a protein molecule. This codon i-RNA will be ACU.
3. According to the table of the genetic code, we find that the amino acid threonine corresponds to this m-RNA codon.

Well, applicants, I wish you successful preparation for the exams. You will have to work a lot, but also have time to rest so that your "brains do not boil."

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If any of the students or tutors in biology have questions about the article, please contact us in the comments.

On my blog you can buy answers to all tests OBZ FIPI for all the years of examinations, etc.

Final exams are just around the corner. It's time to start intensive training. Including those who have chosen the Unified State Exam. Quite a few this year, as in the past, will choose biology for this kind. Now we are going to talk about what awaits graduates in the Unified State Exam in Biology in 2018.

The relevance of the discipline

Who is most likely to prefer the USE in biology in 2018? First of all, those students for whom such specialties as biologist or biotechnologist, ecologist, biophysicist, zoologist, paleontologist, veterinarian are desirable.

The discipline is also considered mandatory for those who dream of the profession of a doctor and are going to storm medical universities. A strong knowledge of biology and a high exam score in the subject are also required for future psychologists, psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, and defectologists. Another profile area: universities and sports faculties.

Dates of the Unified State Exam in Biology in 2018

As usual, graduates 2017-2018 school year to take the Unified State Exam in Biology, in which three stages are programmed.

The preliminary one, which is expected on April 4, 2018, may be attended by graduates of previous years or current schoolchildren who have documented that they will not be able to meet the main USE dates. There is also a reserve - April 11.

For those who have a force majeure that prevents them from coming to the exam at the usual time, the option of an additional chance is left. This USE will be able to come in September to students who prove that they missed the main stage for a good reason.

How did the graduates of the previous years cope with the subject?

About 7% of all graduates choose this subject for the Unified State Exam... In addition, over the past few years, their number has decreased: from 129 thousand in 2016 to 112 thousand in 2017.

There is another alarming figure: 18% of schoolchildren did not pass the last exam in biology, in 2017. There were about the same number of them a year earlier, even a little more: by 0.3%.

The main group of graduates passed this exam with a C grade, gaining an average of 53.2-53.8 final points.

Are innovations expected in the exam in biology in 2018?

Should the graduates of this year and future applicants expect significant changes in the Unified State Exam in Biology in 2018? Hardly. If there are adjustments, they are minimal and insignificant. Since in 2017, KIMs on this subject were seriously revised.

The questions of the test format disappeared from them, where it was enough to choose, even at random, one answer option from those provided in CMMs.

The number of questions has decreased, and by much: now 28 versus the previous 40... You need to master these tasks in 210 minutes. The approximate "storyboard" is as follows: it is optimal to spend approximately 5 minutes for each of the questions of the first section and 10-20 minutes for each task of block 2.

New requirements have appeared for the tasks of the first block, new types of tasks have been included here, for the implementation of which specific skills are needed: skills in working with tables and various graphic schemes, including diagrams and graphs. The ability to both analyze and synthesize the available information is also encouraged.

Content of examination CMMs

On this test, the graduate is required to show how the material on the development and structure of plants, fungi, lichens, animals has been mastered. The basics of the structure and life of a person will also be presented with questions of tickets. Students are also expected to know the basics of the theory of evolution, an understanding of general biological laws, a deep understanding of the structure and functions of cells, etc. An important section of knowledge on the subject is topics related to the biosphere, the ecology of the planet.

Block number 1. The maximum points that an 11-grader can score is 39. There are 21 tasks for choosing answers and the ability to produce comparative analysis, solving problems in genetics and the basics of cytology, there will also be analytical work with tables and figures. Action is required promptly, and answers are needed as brief as possible.

In the second block completing assignments requires voluminous, complete answers. But for these 7 tasks you can get 20 points. In total, we get 59 primary points, in terms of the final result they will be 100 points. And for a satisfactory result, you need a minimum of 36 points.

Optimal preparation for the exam in biology in 2018

Science is not easy, it requires care and understanding, and not just mechanical memorization. Therefore, preparation is needed methodical, constant, and not from time to time, and not urgently on the eve of the exam.

Basic training includes the study of terminology, without its knowledge it is difficult to navigate biology as a science. To make it easier to memorize, use the visualization technique, that is, support the theory with illustrative material, look for pictures, graphs, diagrams that will become the basis for the associative work of memory.

Ask questions of educators and classmates who are well versed in the topic. Work through the tests of previous years, as well as new demo versions of the exam. Tune in for a positive result!

Points and grades of the USE in biology in 2018

The USE scores are translated into the usual school system as follows:

• "Two", an unsatisfactory result, corresponds to 0-35 points;
• The "top three" were earned by the examinees who scored 36-54 points;
• "Four" - this is how you can translate the amount of points in the range from 55 to 71;
• "Excellent", the five result becomes the property of schoolchildren with an examination result of 72 or more points.

The minimum that is required for a successful, albeit satisfactory, exam passing is 36 points... At the same time, for admission to far from prestigious professions, and not on the budget, you must at least have a certificate with 50 points. High-class universities make much higher demands: only those whose USE score in biology is 84 points or more will be accepted for budget education.

How will the Unified State Exam in Biology be organized in 2018?

All auxiliary materials that are required to work with CMMs will be provided by the exam organizers, you cannot bring anything from reference or illustrative literature with you.

Phones, tablets and other gadgets are also illegal. If someone hopes for cribs or tips from a wise neighbor, then do not forget: the examiner commission is very vigilant, but all 100% of the audiences in which the exam in biology will take place in 2018 promise to be equipped with online observation systems.

In addition, work continues to prevent information leaks. In particular, more and more schools are choosing a format when exam tickets are printed out on the spot, and accidents and deliberate machinatsii are excluded during the delivery and transportation of CMMs. It is believed that in 2019 all schools will be transferred to the new ticket printing algorithm, and examination classes will be equipped with appropriate equipment.

• a scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the exam paper in 2020 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the 2019 examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the examination work in 2018 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the examination work in 2017 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for completing the examination work in 2016 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the completion of the examination work in 2015 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the examination work in 2014 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the execution of the examination work in 2013 into a mark on a five-point scale.

Changes in the demonstration options for the OGE in biology

Demo options OGE in Biology 2009-2014 consisted of 3 parts: tasks with a choice of answers, tasks with a short answer, tasks with a detailed answer.

In 2013 in part 2 (B) was added a practice-oriented task for correlating, according to a given algorithm, the morphological characteristics of an organism or its individual organs with the proposed models.

In 2014 in demo version of the OGE in biology the following changes:

• in part 1 (A) on 2 was reduced number of tasks
• in part 2 (B) it was added a new task with a choice of three correct answers out of six;
• in part 3 (C) it was new task included on the application of biological knowledge in a practical situation;
• the total number of tasks has not changedbut maximum primary score for the performance of examination work rose from 43 to 46.

In 2015 in the demo version of the OGE in biology, the structure of the version has changed:

• The option began to consist two-piece.
• Numbering assignments became through throughout the version without letter designations A, B, C.
• The form of recording the answer in tasks with a choice of answer has been changed: it became necessary to record the answer the number with the number of the correct answer (not circled).

IN demo versions of the OGE 2016 - 2019 in biology compared to the 2015 demo there were no changes.

IN demo version of the OGE 2020 in biology compared to the 2019 demo, the following occurred changes:

• It was reduced the number of tasks from 32 to 30.
• Was reduced maximum primary score from 46 to 45.
• Part 1 included included new models of tasks 1 and 20.
• Part 2 included added new task 27, and tasks 31 and 32 reworked into new task 30.

SPECIFICATION
control measuring materials
of the unified state exam 2019 in BIOLOGY

1. Appointment of KIM USE

The Unified State Exam (hereinafter - the Unified State Exam) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs of secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).

The Unified State Exam is conducted in accordance with Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation”.

Control and measuring materials make it possible to establish the level of mastering by the graduates of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education in biology, basic and specialized level.

The results of the unified state exam in biology are recognized by educational organizations of secondary vocational education and educational organizations of higher
vocational education as the results of entrance examinations in biology.

2. Documents defining the content of the KIM USE

3. Approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of the KIM USE

The basis for the development of the CIM USE is the invariant core of the content of biological education, which is reflected in the Federal component of the state standard for secondary (complete) general education, various sample programs and textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of secondary general education in biology.
KIM USE examines the mastery of the knowledge and skills of the main sections of the course of biology: "Plants", "Bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens ”,“ Animals ”,“ Man and his health ”,“ General biology ”. This allows you to check the main content of the course, to ensure the content validity of the CMM. The content of the KIM USE does not go beyond the course of secondary school biology and does not depend on which program and which textbook is taught in a particular educational organization.

In the examination work, tasks for the section "General Biology" prevail, since it integrates and generalizes the factual knowledge gained in basic school, considers general biological laws that manifest themselves at different levels of organization of living nature. These include: cellular, chromosomal, evolutionary theories; laws of heredity and variability; ecological patterns of biosphere development.

Tasks that control the degree of mastery of knowledge and skills cover the most significant issues of the content of the course in biology and check the graduates' scientific worldview and biological competence.

4. The structure of the KIM USE

Each version of the CMM examination paper contains 28 tasks and consists of two parts, differing in form and level of complexity. Part 1 contains 21 tasks:

7 - with multiple choice with or without a picture;
6 - to establish compliance with a drawing or without it;
3 - to establish the sequence of systematic taxa, biological objects, processes, phenomena;
2 - to solve biological problems in cytology and genetics;
1 - to add missing information in the scheme;
1 - to add missing information in the table;
1 - for the analysis of information presented in graphical or tabular form.

The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word (phrase), number or sequence of numbers, written without spaces and separating symbols.

Part 2 contains 7 tasks with a detailed answer. In these tasks, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in an expanded form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with a high level of biological training.

In part 1, tasks 1-21 are grouped according to meaningful blocks presented in the codifier, which provides a more accessible
perception of information. In part 2, tasks are grouped depending on the types of educational activities being tested and in accordance with thematic affiliation.