Research work structure

The structure of a research paper submitted for public defense is uniform for various levels of such papers - from term papers and final qualifying papers to papers for the degree of candidate or doctor of science. Of course, there are certain differences, but the general structure, the logic of its organization are unchanged.

In educational and research papers, the standard of presentation of scientific papers can be traced in full. The required elements are the following:

· Title page

Introduction

· Main part
- Chapter 1. Review of scientific sources
- Chapter 2. Organization and methods of empirical research
- Chapter 3. Results of the study and their discussion

· Conclusion

· Bibliographic list

Applications (if necessary)

Depending on the course of study, the structure of the work changes somewhat (see paragraph 1.3. Brief requirements for the content and structure of term papers and final papers). So, in the course work of a 2nd year bachelor, the main part usually presents an overview of scientific sources (in several chapters) on the stated problem. It usually lacks a description of the organization and results of independent empirical research.

Starting from the third year of study, the student's research work acquires a more complete structure. Besides, depending on the student's orientation towards research or practical activities in the field provided for by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the corresponding area of ​​study (see Appendix 2–3), a student’s research work may have a “scientific” or “applied” dominant. In psychological research, the “applied” dominant involves the use and verification of the effectiveness of well-known programs and developments of corrective, developmental and other influences for 3-4 bachelor's courses. For applied magistracy, for example, in the direction of preparation 050400.68 (2010) or 44.04.02 (2014) "Psychological and pedagogical education" in the course of research work, it is possible to develop new programs of psychological impact or original diagnostic tools.

Title page

The first sheet of the work is the title page. The title page is drawn up in accordance with the examples given in Appendix. 5 .

The title page should include:

The name of the founder, university, faculty, department where the work was carried out (above, in the center);

Topic name (in the middle, in the center);

Last name, first name, patronymic, personal signature of the student (in full, below the title, on the right), direction of study (with code), and for masters - the name of the master's program;

Surname, name, patronymic, academic degree, position and personal signature of the supervisor;

Information on the admission of work to protection with the signature of the head
department;

City, year of writing (bottom, center).

The page number is not indicated on the title page.

The second sheet contains a table of contents, which indicates the main sections of the work and the corresponding pages. The table of contents includes an introduction, titles of all chapters, sections and subsections, a conclusion, a list of sources and literature used, titles of applications, indicating the page numbers from which these elements of the work begin. GOST 2.105-95 "General requirements for text documents" states that the names that are included in the content are written in lowercase letters, starting with capital letters. However, GOST 7.32-2001 "Research Report" does not address this issue, and due to its preference over GOST 2.105-95, the author decides for himself how to prescribe the names. It is desirable (but not required) for the table of contents to fit on one page. The text should correspond to the table of contents, both in content and in form.

Provided that the electronic structure of the document is created in the Word text editor (Microsoft Corporation), the table of contents is automatically generated in the right place, indicating the pages of each structural component. This is very convenient, because after correcting the text, you can automatically change the table of contents with new page numbers and new paragraphs. You can easily find tutorials on how to create an automatic table of contents in Word (Microsoft Corporation) on the Internet.

An example of the design of the table of contents is given in Appendix 6.

Introduction

The "Introduction" section is located immediately after the table of contents (contents) and should include the following subsections:

Brief rationale for the choice of topic;

Research problem and its relevance;

Theoretical and / or practical significance of the work, the possibilities and forms of using the results obtained;

Methodological foundations of the study (listing theories, concepts, approaches that underlie it, indicating the authors);

Empirical foundations of the work (results of empirical research underlying the work);

Purpose, object, subject and objectives of the study;

Research hypothesis(s);

Research methods and data analysis;

Approbation (this item can be omitted).

The purpose of the introduction is to orient the reader in what the work was carried out for and on what it was based. In this part, it is desirable to briefly disclose the content structure of the final work, i.e. comment on the sections indicated in the table of contents. The volume of this section is 2–4 pages.

Compositional structure of the research work

The composition of the research work is the sequence of the main parts of the research. The research work consists of the following parts: title page, abstract and scientific article.

Title page contains the following attributes: titles of the conference and work, information about the author (last name, first name, patronymic, educational institution, group) and supervisors (surname, first name, patronymic, position, place of work).

annotation is a brief description of the work andshould contain the most important information about the work and include the following information: the purpose of the work, the methods and techniques that were used in the work, the data obtained; conclusions. The abstract is printed on one page and contains: title (title of the work, full name of the author, locality, educational institution, class), then in the middle the word "Abstract", then the text of the annotation.

Research Article

The scientific article (description of the work) must contain:

Introduction

main part

Conclusion

List of used sources and literature.

In the table of contents the main titles of the work, introduction, titles of chapters and paragraphs, conclusion, bibliography, titles of appendices and corresponding page numbers should be included.

Introduction should include the formulation of the problem statement, reflect the relevance of the topic, the definition of goals and objectives set for the performer of the work, a brief review of the literature and sources used, the degree of study of this issue, a description of the personal contribution of the work to solving the chosen problem.

Main part should contain information collected and processed by the researcher, namely a description of the main facts under consideration, a description of the methods for solving the problem, a comparison of previously existing and proposed solution methods known to the author, justification of the chosen solution option (efficiency, visibility, practical significance, etc.). The main part is divided into chapters.

In custody in a concise form, the conclusions and results obtained by the author are formulated. Directions for further research and proposals for the possible practical use of the results of the study.

IN bibliographypublications, editions and sources used by the author are recorded. Information about each publication should include in strict sequence: the author's surname, initials, title of the publication, imprint of the publisher, year of publication, issue number (if the publication is periodical), number of pages. All publications must be numbered and arranged in alphabetical order.

The report may contain applications with illustrative material (drawings, diagrams, maps, tables, photographs, etc.), which should be related to the main content.

The conceptual apparatus of the study

Relevance - the initial and mandatory stage of any research work. Therefore, the introduction should begin with a justification of the relevance of the chosen research topic. The relevance of the research topic is the degree of its importance at the moment and in this situation for solving a specific problem. Relevance coverage should not be wordy.

Disclosure of the relevance of the research topic may be due to:

With a lack of knowledge of the chosen topic. In this case, the study is relevant precisely because certain aspects of the topic have not been fully studied and the study is aimed at overcoming this gap;

With the possibility of solving a specific practical problem based on the data obtained in the study.

One of these directions, or both together, usually figure in the characterization of this element of the conceptual apparatus of scientific research. A formal statement of relevance is unacceptable, which is often found in students' research papers. The relevance of the topic of the proposed study is of decisive importance.

An undoubted indicator of relevance is the presence Problems in this area of ​​research.

Defining a research problem is a rather difficult task. Any scientific research is carried out in order to overcome certain difficulties in the process of cognition of new phenomena, to explain previously unknown facts or to reveal the incompleteness of old ways of explaining known facts. These difficulties in the most distinct form manifest themselves in problem situations that require their solution. This situation most often arises as a result of the discovery of facts that clearly do not fit into the framework of previous theoretical concepts.

In a broad sense, a problem means an objective difficulty, a contradiction that arises in science and practice. In scientific research, the essence of the problem is the contradiction between the facts and their theoretical understanding. If we can clearly formulate a problem, then we are not far from its solution.

The correct formulation and clear formulation of the problem is very important, because to a very large extent it determines the strategy of research in general and the direction of scientific research in particular. To formulate a scientific problem means to show the ability to separate the main from the secondary, to find out what is already known and what is still unknown about the subject of research.

It is equally important to correctly formulate the topic at the beginning of the study. Subject research - the perspective from which the problem is considered. It represents the object of study in a certain aspect, characteristic of this work. The topic should reflect the content of the work and have a concise wording.

Closely related to the problemobject and subject of research. The object and subject of research as a category of the scientific process are related to each other as general and particular. In the object, that part of it is singled out, which serves as the subject of research. It is on him that the main attention of the researcher is directed, it is the subject of research that determines the topic of the work. Thus, an object - this is a process or phenomenon that gives rise to a problematic situation, a kind of carrier of the problem - what the research activity is aimed at; item - this is what is within the boundaries of the object. The concept of "subject" of research is much narrower and more specific than the object. The subject includes only those elements, connections, relations within the object that are directly subject to study. One and the same object can be studied from different positions, which determines the subject of research.

From the subject of the study, its purpose and objectives follow. Target - this is a general statement of the final result, which is supposed to be obtained when performing the study.

The formulation of the purpose of the study can be presented in various ways - traditionally used in scientific speech clichés. Let's give examples of some of them. You can target:

• reveal...;
• install...;
• substantiate...;
• specify...;
• develop...

It should also be noted that a study can have only one goal. In accordance with the subject and purpose are determinedresearch objectives.

Tasks - these are successive steps that ensure the achievement of the goal and specify it. Objectives should be interrelated and reflect a common path to achieve the goal.

It is necessary to formulate the tasks very carefully, since the description of their solution in the future will form the content of the chapters. The headings of the chapters are born precisely from the formulations of the problems. Objectives are best formulated as a statement of what needs to be done in order for the goal to be achieved.

The next important stage of work on the study is the nominationresearch hypotheses. Translated from ancient Greek, hypothesis means "foundation, assumption." The hypothesis specifies how the original fact should be transformed into the desired state.

When formulating a hypothesis, verbal constructions of the type are usually used: “if ..., then ...”; "because..."; "provided that...". The hypothesis must satisfy a number of requirements:

• be verifiable;
• contain an assumption;
• be logically consistent;
• match the facts.

After the formulation of the hypothesis, the stage of determiningresearch methods. Methodis the way to achieve the goal of the study. The very possibility of implementing the study depends on the choice of method - it is carried out and a certain result is obtained. Methods should be consistent with the phenomenon being studied, correspond to it.

Scientific research methods are traditionally divided into two groups: theoretical and empirical methods. Theoretical methods reveal the essence of the studied phenomena, reveal regular connections and relationships. They are used in defining the problem and formulating the research hypothesis (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, idealization, deduction, induction, etc.). Empirical methods serve as a means of collecting specific facts, aimed at their identification and description of phenomena (observation, conversation, interview, questioning; study, experiment). For each stage of the study, such a set of methods is thought out that provides a complete and correct solution of the tasks.

Rules for registration of research work

Text Requirements

The work is done on standard pages of A4 white paper. The text is printed in bright font (font size - 12 kegel) with one and a half intervals between lines on one side of the sheet. All typewritten, handwritten and drawing material must be legible. All abbreviations in the text must be deciphered. The volume of the text of the article, including formulas and the list of references, should not exceed 10 standard pages. For illustrations, no more than 10 standard pages can be allocated additionally. Illustrations are performed on separate pages, which are placed after links in the main text. It is not allowed to increase the format of pages, glue pages of illustrations into a booklet, etc. Pages are numbered in the upper right corner. The main text of the report is numbered in Arabic numerals, illustration pages - in Roman numerals.

Structure of the research work

Table of contents

Introduction

Main part

Conclusion

Bibliography

Application

Title page template

X city scientific and practical conference of schoolchildren

Section: biology

Subject: "The effect of antimony on the germination of cereal seeds"

Place of work:

Nevinnomyssk

MOU SOSH No. 12, 11th grade.

Scientific adviser: Petrova

Irina Vladimirovna, teacher

biology, MOU secondary school No. 12

Nevinnomyssk, 2011

Table of contents template

Table of contents page

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………3-4

Chapter 1. Cerium, its properties, obtaining and application.

1.1. The history of the discovery and production of cerium……………………………….5

1.2. Cerium deposits………………………………………………………….5-6

1.3. Properties of cerium……………………………………………………………………….6

1.4. Obtaining cerium…………………………………………………………………….7-8

1.5. Application of cerium……………………………………………………………….8-9

Conclusions on the first chapter……………………………………………………………….9

Chapter 2. Experimental production of cerium

and experience with it.

2.1.Isolation of rare earth metals from an alloy……………….10

2.2. Separation of cerium and lanthanum compounds………………………….10

2.3. Reactions characteristic of cerium and lanthanum compounds .............................................................. ...............................10

2.4. Research results…………………………………………………..10-11

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….11-12

Literature…………………………………………………………………………………..12

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………….13-17

Introduction

• The relevance of research

• Purpose of the study

• Object of study

• Subject of study

• Research objectives

• Research methods

• Hypothesis

The relevance of research

• This means explaining the need to study this topic.

• It should be indicated why it is and precisely at the moment it is relevant.

• It is necessary to highlight the reasons why the study of this topic has become necessary.

• An undoubted indicator of relevance is the presence of a problem in this area of ​​research.

• You can think of a problem as a kind of contradictory situation that needs to be resolved.

• Turning to a particular problem, the researcher needs to clearly imagine what questions the results of his work can answer.

Purpose of the study

• This is the end result that the researcher would like to achieve when completing his work.

• Typical goals: characterization of phenomena previously studied; identification of the relationship of certain phenomena; study of the development of phenomena; description of a new phenomenon; generalization, identification of general patterns; creating classifications

• Statement of the purpose of the study:

• - reveal…;

• - install...;

• - substantiate...;

• - specify..;

• - develop...

Object and subject of research

• The object of research is a certain process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation. The object is a kind of carrier of the problem - what the research activity is aimed at.

• The subject of research is a specific part of the object within which the search is conducted. The subject of research can be phenomena as a whole, their individual aspects, aspects and relationships between individual aspects and the whole.

• It is the subject of research that determines the topic of the work.

Research objectives

• The objectives of the study are the choice of ways and means to achieve the goal.

• Objectives are best formulated as a statement of what needs to be done in order for the goal to be achieved.

• The setting of tasks is based on the division of the research goal into subgoals.

• The enumeration of tasks is based on the principle of simple To the most difficult and labor intensive.

• The number of tasks is determined by the depth of research, but not less than 2.

Research methods

• Theoretical methods:

- modeling

- abstraction

- analysis and synthesis

- ascending from the abstract to the concrete

Mathematical Methods:

• - statistical methods;

• - methods and models of graph theory and network modeling;

• - methods and models of dynamic programming;

• - methods and models of queuing;

• - data visualization method (functions, graphs, etc.).

Hypothesis

• must meet a number of requirements:

1 be verifiable;

2 contain an assumption;

3 be logically consistent;

4 match the facts.

5 may begin with typical verbal constructions: “if ..., then ...”; "so ..., as ..", "provided that, ..",

Main part

• The first chapter reveals the history of the issue under study, presents various methodological and theoretical foundations of the problem under study.

• The second chapter highlights practical research, best practices and experience, revealed contradictions and incomprehensible, controversial points, recommendations.

• In the title of paragraphs of the second chapter, it is desirable that the words "experimental study", "organization and methods of research" be present.

• The results of the study present the findings. It is advisable to present them in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams, diagrams.

Conclusion

• in a concise form, the conclusions and results obtained by the author are formulated, indicating, if possible, the direction of further research and proposals for the possible practical use of the research results.

bibliography

• publications, editions and sources used by the author are entered, which should be at least 5-10 sources.

• Information about each publication should include in strict sequence: the author's surname, initials, title of the publication, imprint of the publisher, year of publication, issue number (if the publication is periodical), number of pages. All publications must be numbered and arranged in alphabetical order.

application

• Applications should be designed as a continuation of the work on its subsequent pages in the form of a separate book. Each application must start on a new page and have a heading with the word "Application" and its symbols at the top in the middle of the page.

• If there is more than one application, then they are indicated by Arabic numerals. Appendices should be arranged in the order in which references to them appear in the text. Each application starts on a new page.

Graphic material

All illustrations (drawings, graphs, diagrams, diagrams, photographs, drawings) must be referenced in the work.

Illustrations must have a title that is placed under it. If necessary, explanatory data is placed before the name of the figure.

Illustrations should be numbered with Arabic numerals of serial numbering within the entire work. If there is only one illustration in the work, the word "Drawing" under it can be omitted.

• All tables should be referenced in the text.

• Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals by serial numbering. The number should be placed in the upper right corner above the table heading after the word "Table".

• Each table must have a heading that is placed below the word "Table". The word "Table" and the heading begin with a capital letter, do not put a dot at the end of the heading.

• The headings of the columns are indicated in the singular.

• The column "No. p / p" should not be included in the table.

• The table should be placed so that it can be read without turning the work; if such placement is not possible, the table should be placed so that it can be read by turning the work clockwise.

Links

When referring to a work, after mentioning it in the text of the work, put in square brackets the number under which it appears in the list of references. In necessary cases, usually when using numerical data or quotations, the pages on which the source used is placed are also indicated, for example, if links to several sources are used, they are separated in square brackets by a semicolon, for example, .

• Links to tables, figures, applications are taken in parentheses, for example, (see Appendix 2). References should be written “in accordance with the data in Table 5”, “according to the data in Figure 3”.

Registration of research work

• The text of the work is printed on standard pages of A4 white paper (210 × 297 mm, horizontal - 210 mm).

• Font - type Times New Roman, size 12 pt, line spacing 1.5, margins: left - 30 mm, right - 15 mm, top and bottom - 20 mm. Handwriting of individual fragments (formulas, drawing material, etc.) is acceptable, which are done with black paste (ink).

• Scope of work no more 15 pages (excluding title page and table of contents).

• Applications should be numbered and titled. They should be referenced in the text.

Page and chapter numbering

• The pages of the work should be numbered with Arabic numerals, following continuous numbering throughout the text. The page number is placed at the bottom of the page without a dot at the end.

• The title page and table of contents are included in the general numbering. The page number on the title page and table of contents is not affixed.

• Illustrations, tables located on separate sheets are included in the general page numbering.

• Chapters, paragraphs, paragraphs and subparagraphs (except for the introduction, conclusion, list of sources and applications used) are numbered in Arabic numerals, for example: chapter 1, paragraph 2.1.

• Chapter headings, as well as the words "Introduction", "Conclusion", "References" should be placed in the middle of the line without a dot at the end and printed in capital letters, without emphasizing, finishing from the text with one line spacing.

• Word hyphenation in the title is not allowed.

• The work and appendices are stapled together with the title page (binders and plastic files are recommended).

Abstract structure

Basically, the theses repeat the structure of the work. They should include:

• 1. Statement of the problem.

• 2. The degree of its study in modern science.

• 3. Definition of the subject and object of the presented research.

• 4. A brief description of the sources (for works of the humanitarian direction).

• 5. The purpose of the study, its objectives.

• 6. Concretization of the conclusions for each part of the report, which is aimed at the consistent achievement of a particular task. Thus, the logic of the construction of the work and research methods are shown.

• 7. General conclusion on the problem, in which the novelty of the study must be emphasized.

• Abstracts should contain only text (without graphs, tables, formulas, figures, references).

Abstracts

The volume of abstracts of reports is up to 1.5 pages. The text is printed on standard A4 white paper pages. Font - Times New Roman Cyr, size - 12, line spacing - 1.5. Margins: top and bottom - 20 mm, left - 30 mm, right - 15 mm. Abstracts are printed in the following order: the title of the work, in the middle - the last name and first name of the author, the next line - the place of study, the name of the settlement, below the abstracts themselves. In this case, the text should not contain paragraph indents, alignment, line breaks, line breaks, hyphens in words. Each paragraph must be separated from the next by a blank line.

Abstract template

Determination of caffeine in tea and coffee by TLC

Bondarenko Roman

9th grade student, secondary school № 12, Nevinnomyssk

Coffee is one of the oldest drinks on earth. Some Ethiopian tribes crushed coffee beans, mixed with fat and rolled into balls. This food had exciting properties, helped to survive in difficult natural conditions. In England in the 17th century, coffee was considered a universal remedy.

In the homeland of tea, in China, initially tea was used only as a medicine, then as a ritual drink, and quite recently, it became a household food drink.

The purpose of the study: to determine the content of caffeine in coffee and tea by thin layer chromatography. Object of study: various varieties of coffee and tea. Subject of study: definition of caffeine.

Speech text template

Dear jury members, young researchers! We present to your attention the results of a study on the topic……………………………... Rapid scientific and technological progress and high rates of development of various branches of science and the world economy in the 20th century led to a sharp increase in the consumption of various…………… ……….. (the relevance of the study is described, the research problem is formulated). Finding ways to solve this problem has become the goal of our study………………………. We have decided on the objectives of our study: (research objectives are listed)………………...etc. The first task of our study was …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… and the need use…………….. at the moment. So we came to the following conclusions:…………………………… To solve the second task of our study: to study the methods of conducting ………………, to begin with, we got acquainted with the analysis of the consequences of ……………… and only after that, we began to study modern methods…………., which we summarized in the second chapter of our study and came to the following conclusions:……………………………….. The second chapter of our study suggested the most optimal way for us ………………………….. In the third chapter, we studied…………… We chose the path by which we can determine…………………… The conclusions of the experimental part are as follows: ……...... .............................................. The formulated conclusions allow us to judge that the purpose of the study has been achieved. However, this is not the end of our research, it poses a new task for us - to find the cause of …………, namely, to determine …………., to compare …………. and calculate. But that will be another study. Thank you for attention. Your questions.

Traditionally, a certain compositional structure of research has developed, the main elements of which, in the order of their location, are the following: 1. Title page 2. Table of contents 3. Introduction 4. Chapters of the main part 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliographic list 7. Applications Title page is the first page of the research work and is filled out according to strictly defined rules. After the title page is placed table of contents, which lists all R&D titles and the pages they start on. Table of contents headings should exactly repeat the headings in the text. Introduction. Here, the scientific novelty and relevance of the chosen topic, the purpose and content of the tasks set are usually substantiated, the object and subject of research are formulated, the chosen method (or methods) of research is indicated, the theoretical significance and applied value of the results obtained are reported. The scientific novelty of R&D gives the author the right to use the term "For the first time" when describing the results obtained, which means the absence of similar results before their publication. Scientific novelty is manifested in the presence of theoretical provisions that were first formulated and substantiated in their content, methodological recommendations that are put into practice and have a significant impact on the development of science in general and its individual areas. The relevance of the topic is assessed from the point of view of modernity and social significance, a problem situation is created, a way out of which you propose. In order to inform the R&D reader about the state of development of the chosen topic, a a brief review of the literature, which in the end should lead to the conclusion that this particular topic has not yet been disclosed (or has been disclosed only partially or in the wrong aspect and therefore needs further development). A review of the literature on the topic should show a thorough acquaintance with the specialized literature, the ability to systematize sources, critically examine them, highlight the essential, evaluate what has been previously done by other researchers, and determine the main thing in the current state of study of the topic. All publications of any value that are directly and immediately related to the research topic should be named and critically evaluated. From the formulation of the scientific problem and the proof that that part of this problem, which is the subject of research, has not yet been developed and covered in the specialized literature, it is logical to move on to the formulation objectives of the research being undertaken, and also indicate the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with this goal. This is usually done in the form of an enumeration (explore…, describe…, establish…, identify…, derive a formula, etc.). The formulation of these tasks must be done as carefully as possible, since the description of their solution should form the content of the R&D chapters. This is also important because the headings of such chapters are “born” precisely from the formulation of the objectives of the research being undertaken. An obligatory element of the introduction is the wording object and subject of research. An object is a process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation and is chosen for study. A subject is something that is within the boundaries of an object. The object and subject of research as categories of the scientific process are related to each other as general and particular. In the object, that part of it is singled out, which serves as the subject of research. It is on him that the main attention is directed, it is the subject of research that determines the topic of research, which is indicated on the title page as its title. An obligatory element of the introduction is also an indication of research methods, which serve as a tool in obtaining factual material, being a necessary condition for achieving the goal set in such work. The introduction describes other elements of the scientific process. These include, in particular, an indication on which specific material the work itself was made. It also gives a description of the main sources of information (official, scientific, literary, bibliographic), as well as the methodological foundations of the study. in chapters the main part of research the methodology and technique of the study are considered in detail and the results are summarized. All materials that are not essential for understanding the solution of a scientific problem are included in appendices. The content of the chapters of the main part must exactly correspond to the research topic and fully disclose it. These chapters should show the ability to present the material concisely, logically and with arguments. R&D ends the final part, which It's called "conclusion". Like any conclusion, this part of the R&D serves as an ending, determined by the logic of the research, which is in the form of a synthesis of the scientific information accumulated in the main part. This synthesis is a consistent, logically coherent presentation of the results obtained and their relationship with the general goal and specific tasks set and formulated in the introduction. It is here that the so-called "inferential" knowledge is contained, which is new in relation to the original knowledge. This inferential knowledge should not be replaced by a mechanical summary of the conclusions at the end of the chapters that present a brief summary, but should contain that new, essential that constitutes the final results of the study, which are often presented in the form of a number of numbered paragraphs. Their sequence is determined by the logic of the study design. At the same time, not only its scientific novelty and theoretical significance, but also practical value, arising from the final results, is indicated. After the conclusion, it is customary to place bibliographic list of used literature. This list is one of the essential parts of R&D and reflects independent creative work. Each literary source included in such a list should be reflected in the text. If the author makes a reference to any borrowed facts or cites the works of other authors, then he must indicate in the subscript where the cited materials come from. You should not include in the bibliographic list those works that are not referenced in the text and that have not actually been used. It is not recommended to include encyclopedias, reference books, popular science books, newspapers in this list. If there is a need to use such publications, then they should be given in subscripts. Auxiliary or additional materials that clutter up the text of the main part are placed in application. The content of the application is very diverse. For example, these can be copies of original documents, excerpts from reporting materials, production plans and protocols, certain provisions from instructions and rules, previously unpublished texts, correspondence, etc. In form, they can be text, tables, graphs, maps. Applications cannot include a bibliographic list of references, auxiliary indexes of all kinds, reference comments and notes, which are not applications to the main text, but elements of the reference apparatus that help to use its main text. Each application must begin on a new sheet (page) with indicated in the upper right corner of the word "Application" and have a thematic heading. If there is more than one annex, they are numbered with Arabic numerals (without the number sign), for example: "Annex I", "Annex 2", etc. The numbering of the pages on which the appendices are given should be continuous and continue the general numbering of the pages of the main text. The connection of the main text with the applications is carried out through links that are used with the word "see"; it is usually abbreviated and enclosed with the cipher in parentheses in the form: (see appendix 5).

GUIDELINES
BY CONTENT
STUDENT RESEARCH

Compiler Volzhina Irina Anatolyevna,
methodologist GIMC RO Murmansk

3.1. Text Requirements
3.2. Title page example
3.3. Table of contents example
3.4. Examples of the design of bibliographic references

4. Features of research work in various fields of science
4.1. Research activities of students in history
4.2. Research activities of students in sociology
4.3. Research activities of students in literature
4.4. Research activities of students in ecology
4.5. Research activities of students in physics
4.6. Research activities of students in chemistry
4.7. Research activities of students
in the direction of "Fashion and Design"

Compositional structure of the research work

Research work composition- this is the sequence of location of the main parts of the study. The research work consists of the following parts: title page, abstract and scientific article.

Title page contains the following attributes: titles of the conference and work, information about the author (last name, first name, patronymic, educational institution, class) and supervisors (surname, first name, patronymic, position, place of work).

annotation is a brief description of the work and should contain the most important information about the work and include the following information: the purpose of the work, the methods and techniques that were used in the work, the data obtained; conclusions. The abstract is printed on one page and contains: title (title of the work, full name of the author, locality, educational institution, class), then in the middle the word "Abstract", then the text of the annotation.

Research Article
The scientific article (description of the work) must contain:

Introduction

main part

Conclusion

List of used sources and literature.

Introduction should include the formulation of the problem statement, reflect the relevance of the topic, determine the goals and objectives set for the performer of the work, a brief review of the literature and sources used, the degree of study of this issue, and a description of the personal contribution of the work to solving the chosen problem.

Main part should contain information collected and processed by the researcher, namely a description of the main facts under consideration, a description of the methods for solving the problem, a comparison of previously existing and proposed solution methods known to the author, justification of the chosen solution option (efficiency, visibility, practical significance, etc.). The main part is divided into chapters.

In custody in a concise form, the conclusions and results obtained by the author are formulated. Directions for further research and proposals for the possible practical use of the results of the study.

To the bibliography publications, editions and sources used by the author are recorded.

Information about each publication should include in strict sequence: the author's surname, initials, title of the publication, imprint of the publisher, year of publication, issue number (if the publication is periodical), number of pages. All publications must be numbered and arranged in alphabetical order.

Report may contain appendices with illustrative material (drawings, diagrams, maps, tables, photographs, etc.), which must be related to the main content.

The conceptual apparatus of the study

Relevance is the initial and mandatory stage of any research work. Therefore, the introduction should begin with a justification of the relevance of the chosen research topic. The relevance of the research topic is the degree of its importance at the moment and in this situation for solving a specific problem. Relevance coverage should not be wordy.

Disclosure of the relevance of the research topic may be due to:

with a lack of knowledge of the chosen topic. In this case, the study is relevant precisely because certain aspects of the topic have not been fully studied and the study is aimed at overcoming this gap;

with the possibility of solving a specific practical problem based on the data obtained in the study.

One of these directions, or both together, usually figure in the characterization of this element of the conceptual apparatus of scientific research. A formal statement of relevance is unacceptable, which is often found in students' research papers. The relevance of the topic of the proposed study is of decisive importance.

An undoubted indicator of relevance is the presence of a problem in this area of ​​research.
Defining a research problem is a rather difficult task. Any scientific research is carried out in order to overcome certain difficulties in the process of cognition of new phenomena, to explain previously unknown facts or to reveal the incompleteness of old ways of explaining known facts. These difficulties in the most distinct form manifest themselves in problem situations that require their solution. This situation most often arises as a result of the discovery of facts that clearly do not fit into the framework of previous theoretical concepts.
In a broad sense, a problem means an objective difficulty, a contradiction that arises in science and practice. In scientific research, the essence of the problem is the contradiction between the facts and their theoretical understanding. If we can clearly formulate a problem, then we are not far from its solution.

The correct formulation and clear formulation of the problem is very important, because to a very large extent it determines the strategy of research in general and the direction of scientific research in particular. To formulate a scientific problem means to show the ability to separate the main from the secondary, to find out what is already known and what is still unknown about the subject of research.

It is equally important to correctly formulate the topic at the beginning of the study. Research topic - the perspective in which the problem is considered. It represents the object of study in a certain aspect, characteristic of this work. The topic should reflect the content of the work and have a concise wording.

The object and subject of research are closely connected with the problem. The object and subject of research as a category of the scientific process are related to each other as general and particular. In the object, that part of it is singled out, which serves as the subject of research. It is on him that the main attention of the researcher is directed, it is the subject of research that determines the topic of the work. Thus, an object is a process or a phenomenon that gives rise to a problem situation, a kind of carrier of the problem - something that research activity is aimed at; the subject is that which is within the boundaries of the object. The concept of "subject" of research is much narrower and more specific than the object. The subject includes only those elements, connections, relations within the object that are directly subject to study. One and the same object can be studied from different positions, which determines the subject of research.

From the subject of the study, its purpose and objectives follow. The goal is a general statement of the final result that is supposed to be obtained when performing the study.
The formulation of the purpose of the study can be presented in various ways - traditionally used in scientific speech clichés. Let's give examples of some of them. You can target:

reveal...;

install...;

substantiate...;

specify...;

develop...

It should also be noted that a study can have only one goal. In accordance with the subject and purpose, the objectives of the study are determined.
Tasks are sequential steps that ensure the achievement of the goal and specify it. Objectives should be interrelated and reflect a common path to achieve the goal.
It is necessary to formulate the tasks very carefully, since the description of their solution in the future will form the content of the chapters. The headings of the chapters are born precisely from the formulations of the problems. Objectives are best formulated as a statement of what needs to be done in order for the goal to be achieved.

The next important step in the work on the study is the development of the research hypothesis. Translated from ancient Greek, hypothesis means "foundation, assumption." The hypothesis specifies how the original fact should be transformed into the desired state.
When formulating a hypothesis, verbal constructions of the type are usually used: “if ..., then ...”; "because..."; "provided that...". The hypothesis must satisfy a number of requirements:

be verifiable;

be logically consistent;

match the facts.

After formulating the hypothesis, the stage of determining research methods follows. A method is a way to achieve the research goal. The very possibility of implementing the study depends on the choice of method - it is carried out and a certain result is obtained. Methods should be consistent with the phenomenon being studied, correspond to it.

Scientific research methods are traditionally divided into two groups: theoretical and empirical methods. Theoretical methods reveal the essence of the studied phenomena, reveal regular connections and relationships. They are used in defining the problem and formulating the research hypothesis (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, idealization, deduction, induction, etc.). Empirical methods serve as a means of collecting specific facts, aimed at identifying them and describing phenomena ( observation, conversation, interview, questioning; study, experiment). For each stage of the study, such a set of methods is thought out that provides a complete and correct solution of the tasks.

Rules for registration of research work

Text Requirements

The work is carried out on standard pages of A4 white paper (dimensions: horizontal - 210 mm, vertical - 297 mm). The text is printed in bright font (font size - 12 kegel) with two line spacing on one side of the sheet. All typewritten, handwritten and drawing material must be legible. All abbreviations in the text must be deciphered. The volume of the text of the article, including formulas and the list of references, should not exceed 10 standard pages. For illustrations, no more than 10 standard pages can be allocated additionally. Illustrations are performed on separate pages, which are placed after links in the main text. It is not allowed to increase the format of pages, glue pages of illustrations into a booklet, etc. Pages are numbered in the upper right corner. The main text of the report is numbered in Arabic numerals, illustration pages - in Roman numerals.

Title page example

Murmansk
2009

Table of contents example

Introduction…………………………………. page
1. Chapter ……………………………………
1.1. ………………………………………
1.2………………………………………..
1.3………………………………………..
2. Chapter…………………………………….
2.1………………………………………..
2.2………………………………………..
2.3……………………………………….
Conclusion……………………………….
Bibliography………………………
Application………………………………

Examples of the design of bibliographic references

Sample bibliographic descriptions for books

1. Pakhomova N.Yu. The method of the educational project in an educational institution: A manual for teachers and students of pedagogical universities. - M.: ARKTI, 2003. - 57 p.

2. Savenkov A.I. Methods of research teaching of younger schoolchildren. - 2nd ed., - Samara: Educational Literature Publishing House, 2007. - 208 p.

Samples of bibliographic descriptions for articles in periodicals

1. Volzhina I.A. Formation of ecological knowledge of schoolchildren through subject-practical activities. // School and production, 2006, No. 8, pp. 18-19.

2. Gilmeeva R.Kh. The role of the research activity of the primary school teacher in the implementation of the ideas of developmental education / R. Kh. Gilmeeva // Primary school: plus before and after. - 2006. - No. 4. - S. 58-60.

1. URL: http://www.researcher.ru/methodics/

2. URL: http://www.eidos.ru/journal/2002/0419.htm

Criteria for evaluating student research work

Sections: mathematics, physics, technosphere, medicine, biology, ecology, chemistry, geography, history, local history, jurisprudence, sociology, economics, cultural studies, software and computer technology.

Section "Literary Studies" and "Linguistics" (Russian language)

Section "Literary creativity"

Section "Psychology"

Section "Applied art"

№	Criteria for evaluation	Max. score
1.	Novelty of the idea	10
2.	Originality of the artistic image	10
3.	The relevance of the development and the practical significance of the results of the work	10
4.	Graph level	5
5.	Technical level of product performance: design and technological features	15
6.	Application of new technologies and materials, non-traditional use of known materials	15
7.	The expressiveness of the form and the constructive expediency of the design solution	15
8.	The composition of the work and its features	20
9.	Ability to present your work and defend it before the jury	10
	Total:	110