Russia opposed an increase in the rent for the radar from the current $ 7.5 million to $ 300 million a year, on which Azerbaijan insisted; more advanced radar of the "Voronezh-DM" type in Armavir is already being tested

Gabala radar station Photo: AzerTAc / ITAR-TASS

Gabala radar station "Daryal" 5N79 (RO 7, object 754) is one of the most important elements of the missile attack warning system (EWS) of the former USSR, and now Russia. Located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Zaragan village of the Gabala region of Azerbaijan. The radar is located at an altitude of 680 meters above sea level, higher than all settlements located in the scanning radiation zone.

Intended for:

Detection of ballistic missiles on flight paths within the radar coverage areas;

Tracking and measuring coordinates of detected targets and interference carriers;

Calculations of motion parameters of tracked targets based on radar measurements;

Goal type definitions;

Issuance of information about the target and jamming environment in automatic mode.

Radar composition:

Command and Measurement Center;

Transmitting radio engineering center;

Repair and calibration base;

Communication and information transmission center.

Lead developer JSC "RTI named after A.L. Mints ", Moscow. Commissioned in 1983.

The radar station controlled the territories of Iran, Turkey, China, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Australia, as well as most of African countries, the islands of the Indian and Atlantic oceans.

A distinctive feature of the station is the ability not only to detect a missile launch in a record short time, but also from the first seconds of launch to track the missile trajectory and transmit data in advance to intercept at the desired point.

Radar type "Daryal" has a phased array antenna of the receiving center 100 x100 m (almost 4000 cross vibrators) and a phased array of the transmitting center measuring 40x40 m (1260 powerful transmitting replaceable modules with an output pulse power each 300 kW), provides the detection of targets with an RCS of the order of 0.1 m at a distance of up to 6000 km in a field of view of 110 degrees in azimuth. Differs in increased accuracy of measurement of parameters, high speed and bandwidth, noise immunity, the ability to detect and simultaneously track about 100 objects.

During the Iran-Iraq war, the radar detected 139 combat launches of Iraqi Scud missiles.

The Daryal object is a 17-storey building 87 m high. Its creators were awarded the USSR State Prize.

The number of maintenance personnel is about 900 military personnel and more than 200 civilian specialists (the intergovernmental agreement sets a limit of 1.5 thousand people).

After Azerbaijan gained independence and the radar station became its property, Russia continued to use the station. In accordance with a bilateral agreement signed in 2002, the Gabala radar station has the status of an information and analytical center and is the property of Azerbaijan. Leased to Russia for a period of 10 years. The annual rent under the 2002 agreement is $ 7 million. The agreement expires on December 24, 2012.

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation reported on negotiations with Azerbaijan to extend the lease of the Gabala radar station until 2025. According to media reports, Azerbaijan intends to sharply increase the price for the radar lease. Azerbaijan's conditions were an increase in the personnel of the Azerbaijani military at the radar and the transfer of catering, trade and other services to local residents in the military camp at the station.

Russia was interested in maintaining the same rental price, but at the same time wanted to drastically reduce the territory occupied by the station. The station was subject to rebuilding. With its new appearance, a large amount of communications was not required. By 2020, it was planned to build a new generation radar station in its place (of the Voronezh VP type).

Russia hoped to complete the negotiations by June 2012, since the new agreement should be concluded no later than six months before the expiration of the old agreement.

On December 10, 2012, the Russian side suspended the operation of the Gabala radar station.

Expert opinion:

The Gabala radar station was important to Russia until a much more modern radar station near Armavir appeared at its disposal. This opinion in an interview with a reporter IA REGNUM expressed the deputy director of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis. According to him, today Russia does not need the Gabala radar station at all.

“I myself am categorically against the continuation of the exploitation of this senseless object. It would be a gross mistake, ”the expert said. According to the interlocutor, the new radar is much superior to the Gabala one in functionality and efficiency, and its more northern location does not play any (or almost no) role.

Answering the question why, in this case, Russia was holding protracted and difficult negotiations with Azerbaijan regarding the extension of the lease term for the Gabala radar station, Khramchikhin suggested that the loss of Gabala forced the Armavir radar station to be commissioned in a forced mode, which the Russian side would prefer to avoid ... “Besides, Russia may have wanted to have two operating stations for some time. Let's not forget that the Gabala radar station also allowed bargaining with the Americans, ”said the deputy director of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis.

As for the possible impact of the decision to suspend the operation of the Gabala radar station on Russian-Azerbaijani relations, Khramchikhin noted that this is now a problem of Azerbaijan, since it was precisely because of his position that the lease was not extended. “Azerbaijan considered the Gabala radar station as a lever of influence on Russia and decided to use it. It was his mistake, since the lever is gone, ”the expert summed up.

Employees of the Daryal radar station (radar) located in Azerbaijan's Gabala, which is being transferred to rotational service, wrote a letter to Vladimir Putin asking him to protect their rights. The document was signed by several dozen wives of Russian officers, who from August 1, according to the decision of the leadership, must remain on the street - none of the officers has either permanent or official housing in Russia.

“We do not demand anything impossible, we are just looking for a human relationship, a clear explanation of what is happening and what will happen to our families,” the women wrote to Putin.

According to the text of the letter, a copy of which is at the disposal of Izvestia, before August 1, officers and sergeants serving at the station must independently take their wives and children to Russia. Those who cannot do this are asked to write reports for transfer to another duty station or resign from the army.

“An explanation of how to organize the move has not been received by the unit to this day, inclusive,” the letter says. But work has been organized to liquidate the kindergarten and the Russian sector in the local school, in which the officers 'children studied, and their wives worked as teachers, the officers' wives say.

The letter emphasizes that it is not clear what to do with children in those families where both parents are military personnel. In addition, the parents of the wives of some Russian officers do not live in Russia, but in other CIS countries.

The Daryal Gabala radar station provides Russia with control over the airspace of the entire Middle East, China, India and the Indian Ocean up to the northern coast of Australia. The station lease expires on December 24th.

The leadership of the Aerospace Defense Forces (VKO), which controls the station in Gabala, explained to Izvestia that the rotational method was chosen for the sake of economy.

- In order to somehow reduce the cost of rent, it was proposed to minimize the number of rented objects and refuse to use the military camp. It was proposed to settle the officers in the housing stock on the territory of the station itself - there are former barracks there. For a rotational method, such housing is quite suitable, - explained the interlocutor of Izvestia.

In addition, the representative of the East Kazakhstan region stressed that the officers in Gabala "earn decent money and can afford not only to move to Russia, but also to buy housing."

- The average salary of a serviceman is € 4,000. The minimum salary is € 2,500. For civilian specialists, it is about the same. With such an income, it is not difficult to find housing, - the representative of the command of the East Kazakhstan region is sure.

At the same time, the command of the unit claims that they share the indignation of the officers and their wives, but they can do nothing.

- There will be no kindergarten staff in the staffing table, the wives of officers who worked as teachers in the Russian sector of the school are actually listed in other positions, and we are forced to prohibit them from such combination. But we are doing everything possible to help those who cannot live like this go on leaving: we give leave for 10 days "for personal reasons." During this time, it is quite possible to take the family to their parents or settle outside the military town - for example, rent an apartment in Gabala, - explained a high-ranking officer of the unit.

He also stressed that officers who have nowhere to take their families out can submit a transfer report at any time, but many are kept high salaries. However, from the beginning of the year, out of almost 200 officers in the unit, a little more than 140 remained. At the same time, he stressed that after the transfer to a rotational method, officers without wives would be difficult to keep from drunkenness and debauchery.

“The family still serves as a serious deterrent against addictions,” the officer noted.

According to the officers' wives, one third of the women who remained in the unit are “in position” or are caring for children of 1.5-3 years old. More than 100 work at the radar station as civilian personnel. From time to time they are offered to “resign of their own accord”, but they are not taken to vacancies.

In the Russian section of the local school, 150 children studied, which, when moving, will have to be urgently placed in other educational institutions. At the same time, about 20 officers with their families are "at the disposal", that is, they have already been removed from their posts and are waiting for permanent apartments to leave the army.

“We believe in the effectiveness of the reforms carried out in the army aimed at strengthening the defense capability of our state, but we believe that they should not adversely affect our families,” the officers' wives wrote to Putin.

At the reception of Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, Izvestia was confirmed that the situation "evokes sympathy," but they explained that the minister was now on a business trip.

• April 9th, 2012, 06:43 pm

Original taken from korotchenko_i в Armenian alternative to Gabala radar station - Igor Korotchenko

Armenia's radar proposal is a real alternative for Russia

The Russian Federation can begin negotiations with Armenia on the construction of a radar, if it cannot agree with Azerbaijan on a lease in Gabala.

Russia and Azerbaijan have been negotiating for a long time on the terms of renting a radar station in Gabala. The agreement signed in 2002 expires in December this year. In this connection, Russia is trying to negotiate the prolongation of its action. It is expected that the results of the negotiations will be announced this summer.

Wherein Igor Korotchenko, editor-in-chief of the National Defense magazine, fully admits Russia's acceptance of Armenia's proposal.

“For some unknown reason, Azerbaijan suddenly significantly increased the rent for the use of the Russian station in Gabala,” said the expert to Finam FM. - Such demands from Azerbaijan are unrealistic and absolutely do not correspond to the spirit of Russian-Azerbaijani relations. In my opinion, they are not based on real financial and economic calculations. In these conditions, the proposal of Armenia can be a very real alternative ”.

However, the Prime Minister of Armenia Tigran Sargsyan stated that the state is ready to provide the territory of Armenia for the construction of a Russian radar: “I think that there may even be advantages here, since Armenia is a mountainous country. The coverage may be wider, "Lenta quotes the prime minister with reference to Kommersant.

• March 15th, 2012, 11:34 am

Azerbaijan's demands to increase the rent for Russia's use of an early warning radar station located in Gabala more than forty times - from $ 7 to $ 300 million - surprisingly coincided with the aggravation of the situation around Syria and Iran. At the same time, negotiations between Russia and the United States on European missile defense have reached an impasse - this was stated on February 29 by Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, who was in Kaliningrad at a meeting of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Cooperation with NATO in the field of missile defense.

And this gives a reason to see in the actions of official Baku not only a rough economic interest, but also a kind of policy, at the same time - clearly oriented. Yes, there were experts who immediately saw only an economic component in Azerbaijan's financial claims. As if the bargaining is actually going around the distribution of certain gas flows, and Gabala itself is only a lever of pressure on Moscow in this dispute. As you know, Azerbaijan does not exclude its participation in the Trans-Caspian gas pipeline project bypassing Russia. The "Pipe" will allow transporting gas from Turkmenistan to the Nabucco gas pipeline, which is a competitor to the South Stream pipeline.

However, official Baku rejects the gas background and says that the rent should be carried out taking into account the real value of the radar in the Russian aerospace defense system. For some reason, they are sure that this value is very great. Faraj Guliyev, a member of the parliamentary committee of the Milli Majlis on defense and security, said that if the Gabala radar station will continue to be leased to Russia, this should be done taking into account the real price. “I believe that the Azerbaijani side is completely right if in negotiations with Russia it sets certain conditions and asks for a high price for the lease of this facility,” the parliamentarian stressed. At the same time, he said that Baku understands the need for this station to function as a Russian military facility in the region.

The piquancy of the situation is that Russia itself has long doubted the need to spend millions of dollars annually on renting a radar station in Gabala and millions on its maintenance.

Raising the rent to $ 300 million will make the operation of the radar station in the Transcaucasus truly onerous, unprofitable in all respects - economic and military.

We must remember the history. In the early 1970s, the USSR began to create a very powerful and effective strategic missile defense system. One of its main components was to be powerful over-the-horizon radar systems, which were part of a single system for an early missile attack. Huge radars were built at various points in the USSR that could monitor airspace at a distance of thousands of kilometers.

The location of the Daryal 5N79 radar station on the territory of the Azerbaijan SSR near the settlement of Gabala was determined at a time when the Shah's Iran was the most loyal US ally in the region. Then there was a real danger of deploying in this country - at least - American operational-tactical missiles with nuclear warheads. And the radar station in Gabala was aimed mainly at monitoring the air outer space over Iran, although its capabilities made it possible to conduct surveillance at a distance of 8000 kilometers in the sector from Burma to Central Africa. The first stone in the foundation of the future radar station in 1976 was laid by the then first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, the father of the current president of the country, Ilham Aliyev. The station was commissioned in 1985.

After the collapse of the USSR, the nationwide missile defense system began to rapidly decline. Physically preserved, but in fact, two powerful radars in Sevastopol and Mukachevo in Ukraine were removed from Moscow's control. An over-the-horizon radar station was blown up in Skrunda, Latvia. In reality, Russia has lost effective control over the aerospace sector in the most missile-hazardous areas.

Surprisingly, in the "dashing" nineties, we quietly began work on the creation of fundamentally new radar systems for missile attack warning and space control. A series of new over-the-horizon radars of high factory readiness of modular type were created. From ready-made blocks, like a children's toy "Lego", it was possible to form any appearance of the radar for a specific task, to increase or, conversely, to reduce the energy potential and resolution of the radars. The creation of over-the-horizon radar systems, which had the code "Product 77Ya6" with a different letter designation - M, DM, VP - can be considered a revolutionary breakthrough in strategic missile defense, and now in the aerospace defense system. The West did not expect such a technological breakthrough from Russia.

Modular radar stations, called Voronezh, are being erected quite quickly on pre-prepared sites the size of a football field. If the radar station in Gabala was built for almost ten years, now a station with even the best characteristics can be built in two years. And in the near future, the appearance of completely unique mobile multifunctional adaptive over-the-horizon radars of the "Mars" type is expected. These radars can very quickly be relocated to any missile-hazardous direction, placed on ships. "Voronezh", not inferior to stations of the "Daryal" type, consumes incomparably less electricity - only 0.7 MW. For comparison: the station in Gabala requires 50 MW, and its maintenance there really costs a pretty penny.

At present, the "Voronezh-M" missile attack warning system in the Leningrad region is on alert. Two Voronezh-DM stations are being commissioned - not far from Armavir and in the Kaliningrad region. This year it is planned to put into trial operation the Voronezh-VP radar complex in the Irkutsk region. Construction of similar stations in the Komi Republic and in the Murmansk Region should begin.

With the advent of the "Mars" -type radar, the problem of airspace control at any point in Russia, including those close to Azerbaijan, will disappear altogether.

That is, the need for the Gabala radar station will be lost naturally.

Indeed, why does Russia need a radar station that controls the airspace over Iran and is capable of detecting the launch of even the smallest missile from the territory of this country and flights over it of all types of aircraft? Iran does not threaten us with aggression, it does not brandish its nuclear missile club over our heads. And the US missile systems on the territory of this country, of course, cannot be deployed.

The only ones who should be interested in preserving the Gabala radar station are the USA and Israel. And even then only if appropriate agreements on the exchange of information about a possible missile attack are concluded between these countries and Russia. Moreover, the agreements are mutually beneficial. In 2007, Russia offered the United States to jointly use the Gabala radar station and abandon the deployment of its missile defense elements in Europe. Since the Americans are afraid of an Iranian missile strike, we were ready to give them a guarantee that the strike would not be unexpected. As the then-President Vladimir Putin noted, "this station covers the entire area, which is suspicious of our American colleagues."

Washington considered Moscow's proposal and refused. And now Azerbaijan’s demarche has only confirmed that the United States, of course, does not fear a missile strike from Iran.

The task of the European missile defense system is completely different - total control of the airspace over the territory of the Russian Federation.

It can be assumed that the coercion of our country to liquidate the radar station in Gabala is due to the fact that neither the United States nor Israel want Moscow - if the "X" hour happens - in no case knew where, where and which missiles were actually coming from. will actually fly to this region.

That is the whole secret of the "Euro-asking Punchinelle" in Azerbaijani Gabala.

Amid growing confrontation between Moscow and the West over missile defense issues, Russia appears poised to lose its strategic military facility in Azerbaijan, the Gabala radar station. The press foresaw such a development of events back in February.

A source close to the Ministry of Defense made it clear that the parties are unable to agree on the terms of the lease extension: Baku increased its annual fee by several dozen times - from $ 7 to $ 300 million... Moscow is outraged by this "unreasonable and deconstructive" decision and says that there is no other alternative but to leave Gabala.

The source clarified to Interfax and RIA Novosti that the proposed annual rental cost is comparable to the cost of building two new similar stations in Russia.

In addition, according to him, the Gabala radar station needs deep modernization, which is associated with significant financial costs. Therefore, the Ministry of Defense is interested in using the station for at least 10-15 years in order to pay off the funds invested in the modernization.

The demands of the Azerbaijani side, according to the source, “ do not correspond to the agreements on maintaining the Russian presence at the station reached last year at the highest level between Russia and Azerbaijan". The Russian military department is perplexed and disappointed with this approach, he concluded.

What Russia is losing in Gabala

Thus, in December Russia may lose the Gabala radar station, which since the times of the USSR was one of the most important elements of the anti-missile defense system. The station is designed to detect launches of land and sea ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads, as well as for continuous monitoring of outer space.

The system makes it possible, a few seconds after the missile take off, not only to detect the launch, but also from the first seconds to track the missile trajectory, to transmit data in advance for interception at the desired point.

The Gabala radar station allows monitoring of air and outer space over the territory of Iran, Turkey, India, Iraq, Pakistan, partly China, as well as a number of other Asian and African countries. The station also records the launches of intercontinental ballistic missiles in the Southern Hemisphere, including from US submarine missile carriers from the Indian Ocean.

An agreement on the lease of a radar station in Azerbaijan by Russia was signed in 2002 and expires on December 24, 2012. The Russian Ministry of Defense reported that it was negotiating a lease extension until 2025. At the same time, a new agreement must be concluded no later than six months before the expiration of the old agreement - it turns out that on May 24 this period just comes.

Russia has a unique replacement. The risk of losing something else.

The loss of the station in Azerbaijan does not threaten the security of Russia, the military say. They expect that the loss will be fully compensated by the new Russian radar station in Armavir (Krasnodar Territory), which is already on experimental combat duty and within a year will be brought up to condition and will reach the specified parameters.

Moreover, experts say that the Armavir radar station will cover the southern missile-hazardous direction much better than the Gabala radar station. The station is a new generation station, its field of view is 2.5 times larger than that of the Gabala station, former commander of the Missile Attack Warning Army, Lieutenant General Nikolai Rodionov, explained earlier.

In addition, Voronezh-DM is a radar station operating in the decimeter wavelength range, which ensures a higher accuracy of parameter measurement. Such stations have a lower level of energy consumption and the volume of technological equipment.

And on Thursday, May 24, the general designer of the Voronezh-type radar station ITAR-TASS, that no foreign country has yet a missile attack warning system radar stations comparable in tactical and technical characteristics with the new Russian ones. The Commander of the Aerospace Defense Forces of the RF Armed Forces, Lieutenant General Oleg Ostapenko, also considers the capabilities of the Russian defense-industrial complex in this area to be higher than foreign ones.

The Russian Ministry of Defense plans, within the framework of the state armament program until 2020, to replace all Soviet early warning radars for missile launches with Voronezh-DM and build several new ones, even better in terms of capabilities.

Loss of Gabala radar station may result in other risks... In 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin offered the United States, as an alternative to deploying US missile defense elements in the Czech Republic, the joint use of this radar. Initially, the Americans took the initiative without enthusiasm, but later this approach was revised, and the United States said it was considering the possibility of including the Russian radar in Gabala in its missile defense system in Central Europe.

Thus, in the event that Russia loses the radar station in Gabala, the Americans will be able to get it at their disposal and conduct with its help. fighting against Iran. In addition, there is a possibility of the transfer of this facility to the United States or Turkey.

State commissions of Azerbaijan and Russia continue work on closing the Gabala radar station. The parties reached agreement on all issues. Deputy Foreign Minister of Azerbaijan Khalaf Khalafov said this today.

According to Khalafov, all documents have already been signed.

“We have made an inventory of property owned by Russia. All organizational issues related to the transportation of property have been resolved. The process continues now. Most of this property was delivered to Russia. There is only a small part, work in this direction is being implemented according to the schedule we have defined. This process will be completed shortly. In this regard, all conditions have been created for the transportation of the contingent and its property, ”the diplomat said.

Due to the fact that on December 9, 2012, the "Agreement on the status, principles and operating conditions of the Gabala radar station between the governments of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation" expired, the Russian side sent a note to stop the operation of the radar station from December 10 this year.

Let's remember the history of the station itself and the history of the issue of its lease.

For the first time in the world, the idea of \u200b\u200bearly (over-the-horizon) detection of aircraft in the shortwave range of waves at a distance of up to 3000 km was proposed in 1946 by designer N.I. Kabanov. Later, the research work "Fan" was carried out, which in 1949 ended with the construction of a prototype over-the-horizon radar that monitored missile launches from Baikonur at a distance of 2500 km.

The need to create long-range radar stations (radars) designed to solve the problems of missile attack warning and object detection in space was due to the emergence of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and spacecraft (SC), military doctrine USA and the growing arms race.

Work on the creation of an early warning radar (DO radar) began in 1954 by a special decision of the USSR Government, which was instructed to develop proposals for the creation of an anti-missile defense (ABM) in Moscow. The most important elements of the radar were considered to be the radar station, on the creation of which a team of specialists began to work under the leadership of A.L. Mints. These powerful stations at a distance of several thousand kilometers were supposed to detect enemy missiles, their warheads and determine their coordinates with high accuracy. In 1956, by the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On missile defense" A.L. Mints was appointed one of the chief designers of the early warning radar. In the same year, work was launched in Kazakhstan to study the reflecting parameters of real warheads of ballistic missiles launched from the Kapustin Yar test site.

At the end of 1960. along the perimeter of the USSR state border, the construction of the first early warning systems "Dniester" and "Dnepr" began, which formed a continuous radar barrier with a length of more than 5 thousand kilometers. In the Moscow region, a command post was created with communication lines to the Baikonur cosmodrome, where an anti-space defense complex was being mounted at that time. During the next tests carried out in November 1968, for the first time in the world it was possible to shoot down a target satellite without using nuclear weapons. Subsequently, this modernized complex, which was put into service in 1979, was named IS-1 ("Satellite fighter").

Radar nodes (RLU) and complexes (RLK) based on radars such as "Dnestr", "Dnepr", "Daugava", "Daryal" and "Don-2N" are the basis of the missile-comic defense (RKO) of the country and function as part of systems space control (SKKP), missile attack warning (SPRN), anti-space (PKO) and anti-missile (ABM) defense. RLUs for detection of satellites (OS) and early detection (RO) of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) solve the problem of their timely detection and subsequent issuance of information about them for guidance of weapons. The OS nodes of the PKO and KKP systems as part of several Dnestr-type radars with high-performance computing systems were created in Irkutsk (OS-1) and Balkhash (OS-2) and are connected with the Central Command Post (CKP) of the PKO and KKP systems.

RO SPRN units (in Murmansk - RO-1, in Riga - RO-2, in Sevastopol - RO-4, in Mukachevo - RO-5, in Pechora - RO-30, in Gabala - RO-7), except for RO- 30 and RO-7 were equipped with "Dnestr-M" and "Dnepr" type radars, complete with two sector radars. Radar stations of the "Daryal" type with high radiated power, separated by active transmitting and receiving HEADLIGHTS with digital signal processing when detecting and tracking targets, were installed on the RO-30 and RO-7 nodes. The RO-1 node (Murmansk) was reinforced by the addition of a fundamentally new Daugava-type receiving radar with a large-aperture meter-band HEADLIGHTS, as a result of which an active-passive radar was created, operating on the basis of the Dnepr radar sounding signals. This significantly increased the RO-1's capabilities to work in a complex rocket-space and jamming environment. Subsequently, the technical solutions applied in the Daugava radar were used in the development of receiving phased array systems for the Daryal series radar.

Separate radars, radar nodes and radar complexes, command posts located along the perimeter of the country's territory and distant from each other for thousands of kilometers, were combined into a single missile attack warning system. After the modernization of the radar systems of the OS-1 and OS-2 nodes of the PKO and KKP systems, they were included in the unified early warning system. Since the mid 80s. the development and improvement of the PRN, KKP, PKO and ABM systems was carried out within the framework of the country's unified missile and space defense system.

At present, there are ground-based detection equipment: Pechora, Murmansk, Minsk, Gabala (Mingechaur), Balkhash and Irkutsk nodes; early warning devices from the missile defense system; main and reserve CP of early warning system with the "Crocus" system.

The continuous development of air attack weapons has increased the requirements for the effectiveness of the early warning system. In this regard, RTI proposed a project for a new practically global space system for detecting launches of ballistic missiles and creating a dual-band peripheral radar field and a new super-powerful anti-jamming radar for early warning systems. They were supposed to become the basis of new nodes and replace the radar with the existing ones, thus "closing" the ring of the country's peripheral radar field.

Two alternative projects were developed: the first (radar station "Daryal") was presented by RTI employees headed by V.M. Ivantsov (1971-1972), the second ("Daryal-S") - employees of NIIDAR headed by A.N. Musatov (1973). The station of the RTI project assumed the use of a new (phase) method of scanning space based on the use of a phased array antenna (PAA), the possibility of a technical and technological breakthrough in the field of creating high-potential radars. The radar of the second project retained the principles of building a station of the Danube family (frequency scanning method with continuous radiation), and also made it possible to use the existing technological and production base in its implementation, but did not promise significant progress in the field of radar technology. Despite the fact that both projects met the requirements of the assignment, the first project with the Daryal radar won, and V.M. was appointed its chief designer. Ivantsov, first deputy - A.M. Skosyrev.

The essence of the first project was based on the step-by-step development of the VHF radar field of the meter range with bringing the characteristics of all radar units to the characteristics of the Daryal radar. The basis of this program was the so-called universal receiving position (UPP) and the typical transmitting position (CCI). The UPP made it possible to receive and process signals reflected from the target, emitted by the Dnepr radar, and differed from the Daryal radar receiving position by its great control capabilities and noise immunity. Further improvement of the unit was ensured by the replacement of "Dnepr" with a CCI, working in conjunction with the previously created UPP at the unit.

Radar "Daryal" has a high energy potential (radiation power of about 2 MW), which provides detection of targets the size of a soccer ball at a distance of up to 6000 km in a field of view of 110 degrees. in azimuth, increased accuracy of measuring parameters, high speed and bandwidth, noise immunity, the ability to detect and simultaneously track about 100 objects.

The station consists of 2 spaced apart positions - a universal receiving position (UPP), which had better control and protection performance in comparison with the receiving part of the Dnepr radar, and a typical transmitting position (TPP). Moreover, both positions are compatible with the positions of the Dnepr radar station. This makes it possible to gradually upgrade the functioning unit with the Dnepr radar to the characteristics of the Daryal radar. At the first stage, the ORTU housed a UPP capable of receiving and processing signals emitted by the Dnepr radar, and at the second, replacing the Dnepr radar itself with the CCI. The transmitting center was a multi-storey building with a height of about 100 m, on the front inclined part of which a phased array was located, the basis of which was 40x40 m antennas, consisting of 1260 transmitters. The receiving part of the Daryal radar was the world's first adaptive phased array of the meter range, consisting of 4048 receiving cross-vibrators with 8096 amplifiers. The antenna was located in an 18-storey building. Many of the advantages of the Daryal radar were provided by a high-performance computing complex that controlled the operation of the radar, monitored the operation of its devices and automatically processed information, as well as solved other additional tasks. The radar test was carried out on the models of the receiving and transmitting centers without creating an experimental sample. The radar "Daugava" was used as a mock-up of the receiving part, transmitting a mock-up (9 transmitters and an antenna of 27 vibrators) at the Sary-Shagan training ground near the former TsSO-P radar.

By the decision of 1975, on the basis of the Daryal radar, 2 nodes were created - RO-30 (in the area of \u200b\u200bPechora) and RO-7 (in the area of \u200b\u200bGabala, Azerbaijan). In the spring of 1975, the accelerated construction of the RO-30 unit began, which at the end of 1983 successfully completed joint tests, and in March 1984 was put into service. Gabala radar station (RO-7 unit) was successfully tested by the end of 1984, and on February 19, 1985 it was put into service. The station is designed to detect launches of ballistic missiles in the Indian Ocean, is not capable of processing information on its own, and works in conjunction with the centers of its reception and processing "Kvadrat" and "Shvertboat" near Moscow. With the introduction of these nodes into operation, the early warning missile system could detect attacking ICBMs and submarine-based ballistic missiles.

The Daryal-U radar (chief designer AA Vasiliev) differed from the Daryal station by a lower energy potential, a 2 times lower number of transmitters at a transmitting position, and a significant increase in the ability to control this potential. At the same time, the optimal distribution of the radiated energy in the mode of review and target tracking was ensured by splitting the signal. The range resolution, noise immunity (due to the implementation of the adaptation mode of the receiving phased array), the power of the computing complex based on the M-13 multiprocessor computer (up to 2.4 billion operations per second) were increased, which made it possible to implement digital signal processing and significantly improve the operation algorithm Radar).

The modified Daryal-UM radar (chief designer V. M. Ivantsov) was distinguished by changes in the receiving and transmitting positions. In the UPP, the scanning sectors were increased and losses at its edges were reduced, in the CCI, the scanning sectors, the efficiency of the transmitters were increased, their design was improved, and more.

The radar station controls the territories of Iran, Turkey, China, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Australia, as well as most of African countries, the islands of the Indian and Atlantic oceans.

A distinctive feature of the station is the ability not only to detect a missile launch in a record short time, but also from the first seconds of launch to track the missile trajectory and transmit data in advance to intercept at the desired point.

Radar type "Daryal" has a phased antenna array of the receiving center 100 × 100 m (almost 4000 cross vibrators) and the aperture of the phased array of the transmitting center measuring 40x40 m (1260 powerful transmitting replaceable modules with an output pulse power of 300 kW each), provides detection of targets with EPR of the order of 0.1 m at a distance of up to 6000 km in a field of view of 110 degrees in azimuth. Differs in increased accuracy of measurement of parameters, high speed and bandwidth, noise immunity, the ability to detect and simultaneously track about 100 objects.

During the Iran-Iraq war, the radar detected 139 combat launches of Iraqi Scud missiles.

The Daryal object is a 17-storey building 87 m high. Its creators were awarded the USSR State Prize.

The number of maintenance personnel is about 900 military personnel and more than 200 civilian specialists (the limit is set by the intergovernmental agreement - 1.5 thousand people).

Voronezh - DM

After the collapse of the USSR, Russia rented the station from Azerbaijan, paying $ 7 million annually for the lease of the facility, which, in general, was built by Russia.

Both Russia and Azerbaijan were quite satisfied with such relations: our neighbors received an increase in the budget, and we had a reliable facility for the country's defense. Russia had plans to modernize the radar and extend its service life. According to the then Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, Russia is interested in maintaining the same rental price, but at the same time wants to drastically reduce the territory occupied by the station. The station will be completely rebuilt; with its new appearance, a large amount of communications will not be needed. By 2020, it was planned to build a new generation radar station in its place (of the Voronezh VP type).

Negotiations were underway between the two countries to continue the lease of the strategic facility until 2025. But quite unexpectedly, Azerbaijan wanted to increase the rent to a fantastic $ 300 million, that is, almost 40 times! It was clear that this was a poorly concealed desire to squeeze Russia out of Gabala. Naturally, such a price did not suit us, and at the end of December our soldiers leave the radar station in Azerbaijan.

On December 10, 2012, the Russian side suspended the operation of the Gabala radar station.

Now the versions explaining what happened. First: behind this unfriendly step are the intrigues of the Americans who want to weaken our air defense system before the war with Iran. Well, from a geopolitical point of view, this is a well-grounded explanation. However, initiated people today suddenly have a different version, much more everyday. Let us present it as well. One of the large Azerbaijani businessmen was involved in the production chain for the execution of the state defense order of Russia and had a very fat piece of the pie from this.

However, at some point, during the “redistribution of financial flows” (so it seems, is it called now?) He was deprived of this piece, pushed to the sidelines of the process. And in revenge, the hot southern man pulled off a large-scale intrigue with the help of the Azerbaijani Defense Minister Safar Abiyev. As a result, through joint efforts, the intriguers convinced President Aliyev to raise the price of the radar station in Moscow to the skies. So, because of the disputes between "specific" businessmen, Russia has to leave the Gabala radar station.

The question is the following and the main one: how much will our defense capability suffer from such a step? For the answer, let us turn to one of the authoritative military experts, the editor-in-chief of the National Defense magazine Igor Korotchenko. His conclusion is not so fatal: after leaving Gabala, there will be no significant losses for our defense capability. All the tasks of observing the southern regions of the planet will now be assigned to a new-generation radar station of the Voronezh type, which was launched back in 2009 in Armavir. This station is of a high degree of factory readiness with a modular construction principle, that is, it is more functional, modern and designed for constant modernization. The Armavir radar station has a more extended tracking sector, and it is impossible to hide a single combat missile launch in the direction of Russia from its keen "eye".

Thus, the "banging" of our Azerbaijani partners only pushed the Russian Armed Forces towards further modernization (I am talking about this seriously, without any irony). New stations are much cheaper, easier and faster to build - one and a half years instead of the previous seven years, which were spent on the construction of huge concrete monsters.

The new radars are the eyes and ears of our aerospace defense system, - stressed Igor Korotchenko, - and Russia will build as many of them as it takes to fully control all missile-dangerous areas. As for Azerbaijan, let's say it made a mistake. Russia highly appreciated the trusting relationship that existed between our countries. Let's not forget that a huge number of Azerbaijanis live and work with us. However, the unfriendly demarche made by the leadership of the republic is unlikely to affect our attitude towards its citizens living in Russia. Nevertheless, in international relations there is a principle of reciprocity, in other words, both will come around and will respond. I hope our country will not retaliate against Azerbaijan for what happened, but it will certainly take this incident into account in its policy ...

As for the visible acquisitions, then, according to our expert, Azerbaijan will become a full-fledged owner of a cyclopean structure, stuffed with outdated equipment and completely useless for the Azerbaijani (and any other) army. Firstly, there are no personnel in the republic to maintain the radar, and secondly, disconnected from the global missile attack warning system of Russia, this station turns into a meaningless structure.

sources

http://www.arms-expo.ru/055057052124049056048054.html

http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com/526608.html

It's time to remind you about, as well as what it is The original article is on the site InfoGlaz.rf The link to the article this copy was made from is

Gabala radar station (radar) "Daryal" (Gabala-2, RO-7, object 754)
- one of the missile attack warning stations (EWS) created in the USSR to detect launches of land and sea ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads, as well as for continuous monitoring of outer space.
Construction was carried out since 1976, the unit took up combat duty in 1985.

The radar station in Gabala is designed to track ballistic missile launches from Asia and the Indian Ocean, as well as to monitor space objects in the southern sector at a distance of up to 6000 km.

The Russian military uses the Daryal radar station on the basis of an agreement between the countries dated January 25, 2002. According to this document, the station is the property of Azerbaijan and has the status of an information and analytical center. The rental price is $ 7 million per year. Russia pledged to use the radar only for "information and analytical purposes", and also to share with Azerbaijan some of the information received. The agreement was signed for ten years.

The staff of the radar station is about 900 military personnel and 200 civilian specialists.

According to a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) Arbatov, the Gabala radar station is precisely the station that makes it possible, literally a few seconds after a rocket take off, not just to detect a launch, which allows satellites from a geostationary orbit , or can track the missile trajectory from the first seconds, transmit data in advance for interception at the desired point.
www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/qabala.htm
psiterror.ru/p/content/content.php?content.82.8
Russia is interested in extending the lease term of the radar station in Gabala from Azerbaijan and intends to modernize it. This was stated by Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov.
"We need this station. We would like to modernize it, make it completely different, with different parameters. We have an understanding of how to do this," Serdyukov said. The station's lease expires in 2012. Russia wants to extend the lease term until 2025.
The radar station in Gabala belongs to the missile attack warning system. According to experts, the station is an important element of the Russian missile defense system, providing early warning of possible missile strikes from the south.
www.utro.ru/news/2011/11/18/1011688.shtml
In 2013, the radar station was transferred to Azerbaijan, Russian servicemen left the garrison, and all equipment was dismantled and taken to Russia.