Presentation on the topic "energy-saving lamps." Presentation "using energy-saving lamps" Cost of all lamps

From the history

Incandescent lamps in the form in which they are known now were created in 1879 by the inventor Thomas Edison, although incandescent lamps were known before that, it was Edison who not only improved their design, but also developed almost the entire lighting system and brought it to life Before practical use, he also invented a switch, a socket and a screw base, which simplified the procedure for replacing lamps.

Energy-saving lamps appeared much later in the process of improving fluorescent lamps. Their development and production began more than half a century ago and was associated with the name of S.I. Vavilova.

Reform "New World"

In accordance with Federal Law No. 261, which entered into force on November 27, 2009, The reform of energy saving and energy efficiency will start on January 1, 2011, as planned. The reason for the abandonment of incandescent lamps in favor of energy-saving lamps is the implementation of the strategic goal of the Russian government to transition the country to non-fuel energy by 2030, for which six directions for increasing energy efficiency have been approved, one of which - “New World” - involves replacing incandescent lamps with energy-efficient lamps and developing the production of energy-efficient lighting equipment in Russia. The project is being implemented by the Ministry of Economic Development

RF.

] American researchers said that humanity will not save at all on replacing incandescent lamps, since the global demand for lighting has not yet been reached.

Development

It was assumed that at the same time the issues of recycling mercury-containing energy-saving lamps, leveling harm from electromagnetic radiation, relatively high cost, impact on vision, etc. should be resolved.

Experts considered the transition to LED lamps as the most efficient, economical and safe as a promising energy-saving solution.[In order to stimulate demand for energy-saving, and in the future also LED, lamps, the Russian government spoke about an imminent significant increase in electricity tariffs, and from 2012 - about a complete transition to market tariffs for the population.

In 2010, in preparation for the start of the reform, the government focused on solving the problem of recycling waste mercury-containing lamps.] The regions were instructed to develop centralized recycling programs. A variety of solutions were proposed. By mid-2010, Moscow authorities determined the addresses of equipped collection points and began developing centralized rules for the disposal of energy-saving lamps.

IN What is the fundamental difference between an energy-saving lamp and an incandescent lamp??

Many people are familiar with the design of an incandescent lamp. Under the influence of electric current, the tungsten filament in the light bulb glows with a bright glow.

Energy-saving lamps consist of a flask filled with pores of mercury and argon, and a ballast (starter). A special substance called phosphor is applied to the inner surface of the flask. A phosphor is a substance that, when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, begins to emit visible light. When we turn on an energy-saving light bulb, under the influence of electromagnetic radiation, the mercury pores contained in the lamp begin to create ultraviolet radiation, and the ultraviolet radiation, in turn, passing through the phosphor applied to the surface of the lamp, is converted into visible light.

Advantages

energy saving lamps

Energy saving. The efficiency of an energy-saving lamp is very high and the luminous efficiency is approximately 5 times greater than that of a traditional incandescent light bulb. A 20 W energy saving light bulb produces a luminous flux equal to that of a conventional 100 W incandescent lamp. Thanks to this ratio, energy-saving lamps allow you to save 80% without losing the room illumination that you are used to. Moreover, during long-term operation from a conventional incandescent light bulb, the luminous flux decreases over time due to the burnout of the tungsten filament, and it illuminates the room worse, while energy-saving lamps do not have such a drawback.

Long service life.

Compared to traditional incandescent lamps, energy-saving lamps last several times longer. Conventional incandescent light bulbs fail due to the tungsten filament burning out. Energy-saving lamps, having a different design and a fundamentally different operating principle, last much longer than incandescent lamps on average 515 times. This is approximately 5 to 12 thousand hours of work. Due to the fact that energy-saving lamps last a long time and do not require frequent replacement, they are very convenient to use in places where the process of replacing light bulbs is difficult, for example, in rooms with high ceilings or in chandeliers with complex structures, where to replace the light bulb you have to disassemble the body of the chandelier itself .

Low heat transfer.

Due to the high efficiency of energy-saving lamps, all expended electricity is converted into luminous flux, while energy-saving lamps emit very little heat. In some chandeliers and lamps, it is dangerous to use conventional incandescent light bulbs, because they release large amounts of heat and can melt the plastic part of the socket, adjacent wires or the housing itself, which in turn can lead to a fire. Therefore, energy-saving lamps simply must be used in lamps, chandeliers and sconces with limited temperature levels.

Great light output.

In a conventional incandescent lamp, light comes only from a tungsten filament. The energy-saving lamp glows over its entire area. Thanks to this, the light from the energy-saving lamp is soft and uniform, more pleasing to the eye and better distributed throughout the room.

Selecting the desired color.

Thanks to different shades of phosphor covering the body of the light bulb, energy-saving lamps have different colors of luminous flux, it can be soft white light, cool white, daylight, etc.

What are energy saving lamps? An energy-saving lamp is an electric lamp that has a significantly higher luminous efficiency (the ratio between luminous flux and power consumption), for example, compared to conventional incandescent lamps. Energy-saving lamps are usually called fluorescent lamps, which are included in the broad category of gas-discharge light sources (although this is not correct, since energy-saving lamps can be based on other physical principles).

Where are they used? Energy-saving lamps are used everywhere: in enterprises, in homes, etc. Now, even in a distant village, people have begun to use energy-saving lamps (although the cost of these lamps is quite high compared to a regular incandescent lamp)

Advantages (benefits)! The main thing is that the advantage of energy-saving lamps is their high luminous efficiency, which exceeds the same indicator of incandescent lamps several times. The energy-saving component lies precisely in the fact that the maximum amount of electricity supplied to an energy-saving lamp is converted into light, whereas in incandescent lamps up to 90% of the electricity is simply spent heating the tungsten wire.

Long service life (ranges from 6 to 15 thousand hours of continuous burning. This figure exceeds the service life of conventional incandescent lamps by approximately 20 times). The advantage of energy-saving lamps is the ability to choose the color of the glow (there can be three types: daytime, natural and warm. The lower the color temperature, the closer the color is to red, the higher the color, the closer to blue). Another advantage of energy-saving lamps is their low heat generation, which allows the use of high-power compact fluorescent lamps in fragile sconces, lamps and chandeliers.

Flaws. Long burning phase (lasts almost 2 minutes, that is, they will take some time to develop their maximum brightness. Flickering also occurs with energy-saving lamps). Ultraviolet radiation (a person can be no closer than 30 centimeters from them. Due to the high level of ultraviolet radiation from energy-saving lamps, if placed close to them, it can cause harm to people with excessive skin sensitivity and those who are susceptible to dermatological diseases).

Another disadvantage is that energy-saving lamps are not adapted to operate in a low temperature range (-15-20ºC), and at elevated temperatures the intensity of their light radiation decreases. The disadvantage is that they contain mercury, phosphorus and other harmful substances. Also a disadvantage is the high cost!!!

Energy-saving lamps:

Head: Karpushina Irina Pavlovna, physics teacher

Goals: ensuring rational use of electricity by replacing incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps.

Tasks: 1. Study the characteristics of energy-saving lamps. 2. Study the structure of energy-saving lamps and the structure of incandescent lamps. 3. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of energy-saving lamps. 4. Conduct a survey about the use of energy-saving lamps in everyday life. 5. Formulate tips for purchasing and using energy-saving lamps in everyday life.

Subject of study: energy saving lamps, incandescent lamps. Working methods: literature study, observations, comparison and analysis, experiment. Research hypothesis: Saving electricity at school will improve room lighting, provided that incandescent lamps are replaced with energy-saving lamps Practical significance: The results of the study reveal the features of using an energy-saving light bulb and make it possible to objectively assess its significance.

History of lighting sources

Duga Petrov.

Yablochkov candle

Lodygin's lamp

Edison lamp

What are energy saving lamps ?

An energy-saving lamp is an electric lamp that has a significantly higher luminous efficiency (the ratio between luminous flux and power consumption), for example, in comparison with conventional incandescent lamps. Energy-saving lamps are usually called fluorescent lamps, which are included in the broad category of gas-discharge light sources (although this is not correct, since energy-saving lamps can be based on other physical principles).

What is the fundamental difference between an energy-saving lamp and an incandescent lamp? ?

Advantages of energy saving lamps

Energy Saving

• In a conventional incandescent lamp, light comes only from a tungsten filament. The energy-saving lamp glows over its entire area. Thanks to this, the light from the energy-saving lamp is soft and uniform, more pleasing to the eye and better distributed throughout the room.

• Thanks to different shades of phosphor covering the body of the light bulb, energy-saving lamps have different colors of luminous flux, it can be soft white light, cool white, daylight, etc.

• High price

• Mercury filling and poor disposal

Calculation part

Number of lamps

Regular

Energy saving

Installed power

6 lamps 95W = 0.57 kW

Lamp costs

6 lamps of 20 W = 0.12 kW

6 lamps for 15 rubles. 1 year plus each subsequent year 10% more (inflation) = RUB 297.90 for 3 years

Payment for electricity 1 year 2.91 RUR/kWh

6 lamps for 170 rubles = 1020 rubles

0.57 ×1000 ×2.91= 1658.7 rub/year

Payment for electricity.2 year 3.12 RUR/kWh

Payment for electricity.3 year 3.33 RUR/kWh

0.12 ×1000 ×2.91= 349.2 rub/year

0.57 ×1000 ×3.12 =1778.4 rub/year

0.12 ×1000 ×3.12 =374.4 rub/year

0.57 ×1000 ×3.33 =1898.1 rub/year

TOTAL for electricity

0.12 ×1000 ×3.33 =399.6 rub/year

5335.2 rub/year

Total with lamp costs

1123.2 rub/year

RUB 5633.1

SAVING

RUB 2143.2

RUR 3,489.9

• If you used a regular 100 W incandescent light bulb in your chandelier or lamp, it will be enough for you to purchase an energy-saving 20 W light bulb.

ESS-02A 20W E27 6400K

• From the point of view of saving electricity and money, energy-saving lamps are more preferable. However, the psychological factor of “familiarity” and a cautious attitude towards everything new prevents you from completely switching to a new type of lamp. It is necessary to find a “golden mean”: - a gradual transition to a new type of lamps - taking into account the “-” energy-saving lamps, use incandescent lamps in parallel with them

Design and research work

in physics

Topic: “Energy-saving light bulbs. All the pros and cons."

Head: Agarkova Olga Evgenievna

Physics teacher

Man uses nature's resources and should pay attention to energy saving.

New energy-saving technologies are increasingly entering our lives.

Light, heat and fresh air are becoming more and more expensive, so they have to be spent more sparingly.

Energy saving has become accessible to every inhabitant of our planet.

One of the ways we can save energy is to use

energy saving lamps.

Subject of study

Relevance of the topic:

Object of study:

energy saving light bulb

Determine the need for energy-saving technologies

energy saving technologies of the modern world

Practical significance

reveals application features

energy-saving light bulbs, and gives

the opportunity to objectively evaluate it

significance based on

the facts considered.

Hypothesis:

disclosure of the features of energy-saving

light bulbs will allow you to form a personal

opinion on the need for mass implementation

its application based on the conducted

analysis of available information.

So who invented the light bulb?

In our country they will answer:

Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin.

The Americans will immediately object: Thomas Edison.

From 1840 to 1870, dozens of inventors tried to create the incandescent lamp. Failure followed failure, and the idea was already abandoned.

And in 1872-1873, the Russian engineer and inventor Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin made the world's first lamp that passed all tests. She was just burning 30 minutes.

When air began to be pumped out of the glass bulbs of the lamps, they became more durable.

In 1873, two Lodygin lamps caught fire on the streets of St. Petersburg.

American inventor Thomas Edison knew about Lodygin's experiments. But he decided to use charcoal thread made from strong bamboo hair. To do this, he examined almost all varieties of bamboo growing on the globe.

Edison conducted more than six thousand experiments with carbon filaments. His lamp burned for hundreds of hours without burning out. But the main thing is that Edison began to produce his light bulbs at the plant, that is, he opened the way for them into the world .

Incandescent lamps

Under the influence of electric current, the tungsten spiral of the lamp heats up to 3000 ° C, reaches white heat and glows with bright light.

Lamps with a power of 40 W, 60 W, 75 W, 100 W are averagely economical and reliable.

Energy saving lamp

Energy-saving lamps consist of a flask filled with mercury and argon vapor and a ballast. A special substance called phosphor is applied to the inner surface of the flask.

Such lamps, unlike incandescent lamps, emit light due to an electrical discharge passing through the gas filling the space of the lamp: the ultraviolet glow of the gas discharge is converted into light visible to us.

ESLs differ:

By power: 15-55 watts (equivalent to 60-220 watts);

By shade: a warmer shade is a colder shade;

By base: regular base or miniature;

According to the shape of the flask: linear - spiral;

By size: the more powerful, the more.

Scene 4. Walls and towers of the Kremlin

IF you choose for your apartment energy-saving lamps, remember - you should pay attention to the light temperature and color spectrum. Often energy saving light bulbs They seem uncomfortable to the eye only because they are incorrectly selected for the room. In addition, a lamp that is too bright for a given footage will be harmful to the eyes in the same way as one that is too dim.”

Possibility to choose the color of the glow

1. Warm light - yellowish, the warmest color in the spectrum. Suitable for kitchen and bedroom. But in the work area it will cause irritation and discomfort.

2. Neutral (daylight) light - tone closest to the standard “Ilyich light bulb”, neutral soft light. Suitable for living room and children's room.

3. Cool white light - bright white, bluish lighting. Suitable for office premises, offices. But in the kitchen and nursery it will cause obvious discomfort, tiring the eyes.

We will calculate based on the fact that:

• there are 5 lamps in the chandelier;
• the lamps will be on 24 hours a day throughout the year.

Let's determine the average cost of lamps in the Magnit store in Svoboda metro station.

Types of lamps

Price

Energy-saving lamps

( camelion)

Incandescent lamps

160 R.

( uniel )

Wed. price

(osram )

Number of lamps

Cost of all lamps

• Conclusion: when purchasing 5 energy-saving lamps, we overpay 705 rubles. But an energy-saving lamp with constant operation will last on average 12 months, and an incandescent lamp - 1.5 months. Therefore, to illuminate a room throughout the year, you will need 8 times more incandescent lamps, that is, 40 lamps.
• 40 * 20 = 800 rub. – cost 40 LN.
• The cost of 5 ESL = the cost of 20 LN!
• The long service life of ESL pays for its cost!

Incandescent lamps

Let's determine the consumption

electricity

using

incandescent lamps.

Let's take 5 60 W lamps

5 * 6 0 = 3 00 W

300 *24 = 7200 W per day

7200 *30 = 216 000 Watts per month or

216 kW per month

1 60 W incandescent lamp replaces an 11 W energy saving lamp.

5 * 11 = 55 W

55 *24 = 1320 W per day

1320 *30 = 39600 W per month or

39.6 kW per month

Per month:

1 kW per hour costs 2.22 rubles

For incandescent lamps we will pay:

216 *2,22 = 479,52 rubles per month

For ESL we will pay:

39,6 *2,22 = 87,92 rubles per month

Savings: approximately 392 rubles per month.

We save per year :

392 rub. *12 months = 4704 ruble

Energy saving lamp, despite its high cost, 5 times more economical (!) ,

than a cheap incandescent lamp.

Scene 4. Walls and towers of the Kremlin

Simply replacing conventional light sources with their energy-saving relatives will reduce energy costs by 5 times.

minuses:

- An incandescent lamp produces only 10 % energy consumed. All remaining energy goes into heat.

- Intense heat.

PROS:

- The conventional incandescent lamp is still the main source of lighting.

- Low cost

- An energy-saving lamp has 5 times higher luminous efficiency. That is, an energy lamp with a power of 20 W shines like a 100 W incandescent lamp.

- Savings on electricity bills.

- They hardly heat up when used.

- Long service life.

- Mercury and phosphorus are toxic substances. They are present inside energy-saving lamps.

- The lamp warms up in approximately 2 minutes

- Not suitable for working at low temperatures (-15 -20ºC),

- Lamps “don’t like” frequent switching on and off.

- High price. The price of an energy-saving light bulb is 10-20 times more expensive than a regular incandescent light bulb.

The main problem when using energy-saving lamps "DISPOSAL"

1. Energy saving lamp it is forbidden just throw it in the bin.

2. Disposal must be carried out by special companies located in Kursk.

3. Housing and communal services of the Svoboda metro station must conclude an agreement with this company.

Results of a survey of the population of the village. Long.

Questions:

1. How many lamps are there in your apartment?

2. How many of them are energy efficient?

3. Do you know all the “+” and “-” of energy-saving lamps?

4. Do you support the need to replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving ones?

Number of questionnaires

Average number of all lamps in an apartment

Number of energy saving lamps

Know all the “+” and “-” of energy-saving lamps

Support the need to replace LN with ESL

• The main advantages of an energy-saving lamp are low power consumption and long service life.
• Using energy-saving lamps saves money.

However, the psychological factor of “familiarity” and a cautious attitude towards everything new prevents you from completely switching to a new type of lamp.

We need to find the “golden mean”:

-gradual transition to a new type of lamps;

- taking into account the “-” energy-saving lamps, use incandescent lamps in parallel with them.

We need to learn how to properly use and dispose of energy-saving lamps in order not to have a detrimental effect on the world around us!

Slide 1

Energy-saving lamps. The work was completed by: student of grade 11 “B” of Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1”, Izobilny Maria Germanova Teacher: Vasina Irina Vasilievna

Slide 2

Every year, humanity's needs for electricity are increasing more and more. As a result of analyzing the prospects for the development of lighting technologies, experts recognized the replacement of outdated incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps as the most progressive direction. Experts believe that the reason for this is the significant superiority of the latest generation of energy-saving lamps over “hot” lamps.

Slide 3

Slide 4

Goal of the work. 1. Find out whether compact fluorescent lamps are today an alternative for lighting your homes as highly efficient, energy-saving lamps. 2. Calculate the energy costs of a typical residential building.

Slide 5

Gas-discharge lamps, unlike incandescent lamps, emit light due to an electrical discharge passing through the gas filling the space of the lamp: the ultraviolet glow of the gas discharge is converted into light visible to us.

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Why an energy-saving lamp? Light output. Life time. Low heat transfer. Light distribution. Possibility to choose lighting color. high cost warm-up time limited temperature range strict voltage requirements harmful to people with excessive skin sensitivity ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Simply replacing conventional light sources with their energy-saving relatives will reduce energy costs by 4 times

Slide 13

Energy-saving lamps can have different color temperatures Y - 2700 K - warm (yellow) light; N - 4000 K – neutral (daylight) light; W - 6400 K – cold (white) light.

Slide 14

Watch the temperature! IF you choose energy-saving lamps for your apartment, remember - you should pay attention to the light temperature and color spectrum. Energy-saving light bulbs often seem uncomfortable to the eye only because they are incorrectly selected for the room. In addition, a lamp that is too bright for a given footage will be harmful to the eyes in the same way as one that is too dim.”

Slide 15

Possibility of choosing the color of the glow 3. Cold white light (6000-6500 K) - bright white, bluish lighting. Suitable for office premises, offices. But in the kitchen and nursery it will cause obvious discomfort, tiring the eye. 2. Warm white light (4000-5000 K) - a tone closest to the standard “Ilyich light bulb”, neutral soft light. Suitable for living room and children's room. 1. Warm light (2700-4000 K) - yellowish, the warmest color in the spectrum. Suitable for kitchen and bedroom. But in the work area it will cause irritation and discomfort.

Slide 16

Calculation of energy savings and monetary costs when using energy-saving lamps.

Slide 17

Questioning. Questions: 1. How many lamps are there in your apartment? 2. How many of them are energy efficient? 3. Do you know the “+” and “-” of energy-saving lamps?

Slide 18

According to Greenpeace, if every Muscovite replaces one 100 W incandescent lamp with a 23 W energy-saving lamp, the total electricity savings in Moscow will be about 800 MW. And this is more than half of the existing electricity shortage in the capital. According to Greenpeace, if a person works for a year (240 days, 8 hours a day) in an office under artificial lighting with fluorescent lamps with a very high illumination level of 1000 Lux (5 times the optimal illumination level for housing), then this is equivalent to staying outdoors in Davos (Switzerland) in the summer for one hour at noon every day for a total of 12 days. Interesting Facts.

Slide 19

Important! Recently, the World Health Organization, citing the Canadian and British ministries of health, stated that such popular energy-saving lamps are not at all safe: they contain highly toxic mercury, and background radiation and electromagnetic radiation are equal to those produced by ultraviolet light. In Europe, for example, spent energy-saving lamps are collected in special containers for... toxic waste. But here, manufacturers do not even consider it their duty to inform the buyer about such a need.

Slide 20

From the point of view of saving electricity and money, energy-saving lamps are more preferable. However, the psychological factor of “familiarity” and a cautious attitude towards everything new prevents you from completely switching to a new type of lamp. It is necessary to find a “golden mean”: - a gradual transition to a new type of lamps - taking into account the “-” energy-saving lamps, use incandescent lamps in parallel with them CONCLUSION