DIY ferromagnetic powder. Ferrofluid - what is it and how to make a ferromagnetic liquid yourself

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INTRODUCTION

Purpose: to cook ferromagnetic fluid and study its properties.

Tasks:

Learn about ferrofluid ( kind of non-newtonian fluid).

Prepare ferromagnetic liquid.

Conduct experiments to study its properties.

Find out its application.

To conclude.

Present the results.

Hypothesis: at home, you can prepare a ferromagnetic liquid and study its properties.

Scope of the results:participation in research competitions

Relevance:Magnetism is a physical phenomenon in which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials at a distance. Planet Earth has two magnetic poles and its own magnetic field. Magnets - an important part of our everyday life. Magnets are essential components of devices such as electric motors, speakers, computers, CD players, microwave ovens and of course cars. Magnets used in sensors, instruments, production equipment, scientific research. Ferromagnetic fluid is a type of non-Newtonian fluid. This is an artificially created liquid. This fluid changes properties under certain conditions that a person can control.

MAIN PART

2.1 Theoretical part

Magnetic fluids are a unique technological artificially synthesized material with fluid and magnetically controlled properties.

In 1963, NASA employee Steve Papell invented ferromagnetic fluid. He solved a very specific problem: how, in zero gravity, to force the liquid in the fuel tank of the rocket to approach the hole from which the pump pumped fuel into the combustion chamber. It was then that Papell came up with a non-trivial solution - to add some magnetic substance to the fuel in order to control the movement of the fuel in the tank using an external magnet. So ferromagnetic liquid was born.

The minimum composition of a ferromagnetic fluid is a ferromagnet (for example, small particles of a magnetic metal) and a solvent (for example, various oils). But such a liquid will settle. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to add a surface modifier (a substance that prevents the ferromagnet from sticking together, for example, citric acid). Ferromagnetic liquids are studied by the branch of science colloidal chemistry.

Magnetic fluid has all the advantages of a liquid material - a low coefficient of friction in contact with a solid, the ability to penetrate into microvolumes, the ability to wet almost any surface, etc. At the same time, magnetically controlled magnetic fluid allows you to hold it in the right place of the device under the influence of a magnetic field.

2.2 Practical part:

In the practical part of the work, I tried to make a ferromagnetic fluid and see how it changes in the presence of a magnet.

2.2.1 Materials and tools:

Toner powder, developer, iron shavings, magnetic powder;

Machine oil, sunflower oil;

Lemon acid;

Neodymium magnets: from a regular hard disk for a computer, from a sound speaker, a neodymium ring magnet purchased from a specialty store;

Bottle, funnel, various surfaces, plastic bag, gloves, stick;

Notepad, pen, camera, laptop.

2. 2.2 Experiment No. 1 Obtaining a ferromagnetic liquid from toner powder and machine oil

On the global Internet there are many sites that describe a method for producing ferromagnetic liquid from toner powder and machine oil in the proportion of one third of the toner powder, the rest is machine oil. I took brother laser toner powder and machine oil. Mixed in a plastic bottle. After mixing, I brought up the magnet and nothing happened. The liquid turned out, but it was not magnetic. If the liquid were magnetic, it would solidify and change its shape as the magnet moves. The experiment ended in failure.

2.2.3 Experiment No. 2 Obtaining ferromagnetic liquid from toner powder, developer and machine oil

From my first experience, I concluded that the toner used is not ferromagnetic. In modern laser printers, a developer, a special magnetic powder, is used to magnetize ink. In the resulting liquid in the first experiment, I added a third of the developer's volume. When I brought up the magnet, the liquid formed an almost imperceptible mound and not hardened. The result is a liquid with weak ferromagnetic properties. The experiment ended in failure.

2.2.4 Experience No. 3 Obtaining a ferromagnetic liquid from iron shavings and machine oil

After the first two failed experiments, I wondered about the power of the magnet. With which I check the presence of magnetic properties. To test the liquid, I used two magnets: a magnet from an audio speaker and a neodymium magnet from a no longer working hard disk drive (HDD). In order to make sure that a ferromagnetic liquid is not obtained due to the properties of a ferromagnet in a liquid, and not a magnet, I added ordinary iron filings to the resulting solution ( waste from work on a locksmith machine). The magnet attracted all the iron elements of the liquid to the wall! Magnetic properties appeared, but everything that I mixed can hardly be called liquid. The experiment failed again.

2.2.5 Experience No. 4 Obtaining a ferromagnetic liquid from magnetic powder and sunflower oil

So, a good ferromagnet is needed to obtain a ferromagnetic liquid! In the specialized store World of Magnets, I purchased a special iron magnetic powder for experiments.

2.2.6 Experience No. 5 Obtaining a ferromagnetic liquid from magnetic powder, citric acid and sunflower oil.

In order for the ferromagnetic liquid not to delaminate, a surfactant (surfactant) is added to it. I chose citric acid as a surfactant.

2.2.7 Experiment No. 6 Study of the properties of ferromagnetic liquid. Magnetic control.

To study the properties of the resulting liquid, I used a neodymium magnet.

2.2.8 Experiment No. 7 Study of the properties of ferromagnetic liquid. The ability to penetrate microvolumes(hole blockage )

In the last experiment, I tried to understand how it is possible to close the holes from leaks with the help of an external magnet. To do this, I first poured my liquid into a plastic flask with a large opening at the bottom. Then he brought the magnet to the wall next to the hole and lifted the flask. The liquid solidified by the magnet prevented the rest of the liquid from flowing out. As soon as I removed the magnet, everything leaked out of the flask.

2.3 Practical application

Application of ferromagnetic fluids:

1. On the basis of ferromagnetic liquid, radio-absorbing coatings are made for aircraft.
2. The creators of the famous Ferrari use magnetorheological fluid in the car's suspension: by manipulating a magnet, the driver can make the suspension more rigid or softer at any time.
3. Ferrofluids are used in some tweeters to conduct heat away from the voice coil. At the same time, it works as a mechanical silencer, suppressing unwanted resonance. The ferrofluid is held in the gap around the voice coil by a strong magnetic field while being in contact with both magnetic surfaces and the coil at the same time
4. Ferromagnetic fluids have many uses in optics due to their refractive properties. Among these applications is the measurement of the specific viscosity of a liquid placed between a polarizer and an analyzer, illuminated by a helium-neon laser.
5. As a working medium in tilt angle sensors and accelerometers.
6. In magnetic separators for separating and separating materials with different densities. Magnetic fluid has another amazing, truly unique property. In it, as in any liquid, bodies less dense float and bodies more dense than itself sink. But if you apply a magnetic field to it, then the drowned bodies begin to float. Moreover, the stronger the field, the heavier the bodies rise to the surface. By applying a magnetic field of varying strength, it is possible to make bodies float up with a given density. This property of the magnetic fluid is now used for ore beneficiation. It is drowned in a magnetic fluid, and then by an increasing magnetic field, first the waste rock is forced to float, and then heavy pieces of ore. For example, for the separation of gold and concentrate.
7. For cleaning water surfaces from oil products in case of emergency spills and disasters.
8. Printing and drawing devices. There are printing and drawing devices operating on magnetic fluid. A little magnetic fluid is added to the paint, and such paint is sprayed in a thin stream onto the paper stretched in front of it. If the jet is not deflected, a line will be drawn. But electromagnets are placed in the path of the trickle, like the deflecting electromagnets of a television picture tube. The role of the flow of electrons is played here by a thin trickle of paint with a magnetic fluid - this is what electromagnets reject, and letters, graphs, drawings remain on the paper.

3. CONCLUSION

conclusions

1. At home, you can prepare a ferromagnetic liquid and study its properties.
2. The success of the experiments depends on the strength of the magnet and the quality of the ferromagnet. When using toner powder or a printer developer, be sure it contains magnetic powder.
3. With the help of a magnet, you can see some of the properties of a ferromagnetic fluid and understand how different mechanisms work.

LIST OF USED SOURCES AND REFERENCES

1. How to make ferrofluid at home? Viktorova L.
2. ("Nizh", 2015, No. 12) https://www.hij.ru/read/issues/2015/december/5750/
3. MAGNETIC LIQUID, I. Senatskaya, Ph.D. in Chemistry F. Baybursky https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/4971/ (Science and life, MAGNETIC LIQUID)
4. Ferromagnetic liquid https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD % D0% B8% D1% 82% D0% BD% D0% B0% D1% 8F_% D0% B6% D0% B8% D0% B4% D0% BA% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D1 % 8C
5. Ferrofluid - what is it and how to make a ferromagnetic fluid yourself http://www.sciencedebate2008.com/ferrofluid/

The toners found in printer cartridges have interesting magnetic properties, and you can experiment with them at your leisure. The effect of them turns out to be very interesting, because the liquid begins to reach for the magnet, and moreover, individual elements form bizarre geometric shapes. However, not all toners are suitable for repeating this step by step instructions... Only dark colored toners will be needed, since colored ones are made without using dark magnetic particles.

Materials

To make a magnetic fluid with your own hands, you will need:

• thick sheet of paper;
• protective gloves;
• protective mask;
• empty glass beaker;
• plastic sticker for stirring;
• vegetable oil;
• the spoon;
• a wide plastic container such as a plate.

Step 1... Open the cartridge very carefully to empty the toner into the glass cup. You will need about 50 mm of liquid in total. To check if the liquid of your choice has magnetic properties, it is enough to run a magnet along the side of the glass. If it is activated, the experiment can be continued.

Toner liquid is not harmful to health if you do not inhale or drink it. That is why you need to wear protective gloves and a mask before this work. This will reduce the likelihood of poisoning if you accidentally spill liquid on your hands.

Step 2... You must add two tablespoons of vegetable oil to the volume of goods you have already received. Use a plastic sticker to thoroughly mix the composition you received. To continue the experiment, it must be uniform.

Step 3... You need to carefully pour the resulting magnetic fluid into a wide container. This is exactly what is needed to see everything that will happen with the resulting magnetic fluid.

From the bottom of the plate, bring the magnet outside. Pay attention to what is happening inside the container. At the point of touching the magnet, the liquid should be collected by a hedgehog-shaped bulge. These are the magnetic particles that manufacturers add to the toner. They can be smaller or larger, which again depends on the manufacturer.

Step 4... With this liquid, you can make a magnetic pattern. To do this, you need to pour some of the liquid onto thick paper and bring a magnet from the back. By moving it from side to side, you will draw.

If you stain any objects or furniture with toner, wash it off with cold water, you should succeed without any problems. In no case should you use hot water, it will fix the pigment and it will be impossible to wash it.

The term "magnetic fluid" usually means a fluid that is attracted by a magnet, that is, reacts to a magnetic field. Moreover, in strong magnetic fields, this liquid can lose its fluidity, becoming similar to a solid. Many have heard of such substances, but most consider such substances to be an exotic and expensive high-tech product, available only to the lucky few. This is true, but only partially. Sometimes it is quite enough less quality, but more than affordable product, made in a few minutes literally from garbage.

DIY magnetic fluid

Chemical production of magnetic fluid

To do this, you must have the following equipment and chemical utensils.

1. Pharmacy scales with a set of weights.
2. Two flasks (round or flat bottom).
3. Beaker.
4. Filter paper and funnel.
5. A strong enough magnet, preferably a ring magnet (from the speaker).
6. Small (laboratory) electric stove.
7. Porcelain cup for 150-200 ml.
8. Thermometer with a temperature measurement range up to 100 ° C.
9. Indicator paper.
10. A small benchtop centrifuge (4000 rpm) is required to obtain a better magnetic fluid. However, with moderate requirements for the final product, you can do without centrifugation or try to replace centrifugation with prolonged settling.

In addition, the following reagents are required.

1. Ferrous and ferric salts (chloric FeCl 2, FeCl 3 or sulfate FeSO 4, Fe 2 (SO 4) 3).
2. Ammonia water of 25% concentration (ammonia).
3. Sodium salt of oleic acid (oleic soap) as surfactant. You can try to replace oleic acid with detergents with low foaming.
4. Distilled water. Instead of distilled water, you can use water that has been purified through a reverse osmosis system (including household water, but provided that this system does not have an "improving" post-cartridge that enriches the already purified water with salts and microelements). Purified bottled drinking water from a store will not work - it is usually "enhanced" with various micro-additives; for the same reasons natural spring and artesian water is not suitable.

Here is a summary of this technique. The figures are based on 10 grams of a solid magnetic phase (magnetite) in a magnetic fluid.

Before starting to manufacture, I advise you to look at the page http://wsyachina.narod.ru/technology/magnetic_liquid.html, the same technique is described there, and at the end of the page the author of the page shares his experience. In particular, he used the most common "Fairy" (dishwashing liquid) as a surfactant. The main thing is to pay special attention to the safety recommendations and take the necessary care!

Manufacturing magnetic fluid mechanically

Meanwhile, practically everyone can make a liquid that is quite acceptable for some applications, reacting to a magnetic field, without any reagents and in just a few minutes. I emphasize once again - only for some applications, and its quality is significantly worse than that obtained chemically. In particular, the consistency of the product turns out to be such that it can rather be called not "liquid", but "slurry". And the time of deposition of magnetic particles is rather short - usually from several seconds to several minutes. But no chemistry or exotic technologies - just sifting and mixing. By the way, when they first became interested in magnetic fluids in the middle of the 20th century, their very first samples were obtained in approximately this way.

In order to make such a "magnetic slurry", you just need to collect the required amount of small steel filings. The finer the better, therefore the most suitable is the steel dust remaining after the work of the grinder or grinder. The dust is collected by a magnet (not too strong - not so much to prevent large residual magnetization, but so that the iron filings do not tend to it so intensively and carry with them less non-magnetic dust). Then, to screen out dirt and large fractions, the collected can be sifted through a cloth (say, put in a cloth bag and shake it over a spread newspaper; a magnet is again placed on the newspaper a little on the side, this time a stronger magnet is better, which catches the steel dust particles that have slipped through the cloth, and fine non-magnetic dirt flies straight down past the magnet; large dirt particles and large steel filings cannot pass through the fabric and remain inside the bag). The denser the fabric, the finer the sifted dust will be, but the longer it will take to shake the bag. To mechanize the process, you can try to blow dust particles through the fabric of the bag with the exhaust of a vacuum cleaner, but this will already require the preparation of devices for directing, deflecting and extinguishing the air stream released from the bag (say, from empty plastic bottles from drinking water, better with a wide neck and a volume of 5-8 liters). Therefore, it is worth thinking about the "mechanized" version only with sufficiently large volumes of the manufactured "product", measured in liters, and for several grams of magnetic fluid, which is quite sufficient for most experiments and many practical applications, this is unlikely to be justified. Of course, centrifugation in a liquid will provide much better separation of particles, but a dense cloth and a vacuum cleaner can be found in almost every home, but centrifuges with several thousand revolutions per minute for some reason are not so widespread. If the collected dust is sufficiently clean and homogeneous, and the requirements for the quality of the "magnetic slurry" are quite low, then sifting can be omitted altogether.

I emphasize once again - the steel particles should be as small as possible. To obtain fine steel dust, a fine-grained (finishing) grinding wheel should be used. As a guideline, we can suggest the following - upon careful examination with the naked eye, it is impossible to determine the shape of the dust particles, on white paper they look like tiny dots. If it is possible to determine the shape and orientation of the sawdust, then such sawdust is too large, it will settle very quickly and will be practically motionless! On the other hand, such large sawdust can be conveniently used in dry form to study the magnetic field lines. The criterion should be considered the size when the directions "along" and "across" are distinguishable for elongated sawdust - with normal vision, this usually corresponds to dimensions along the largest side of 0.05–0.1 mm or more, ie. such sawdust is at least one of the dimensions larger than 50 ... 100 micrometers.

The selected steel dust is filled in with a liquid that wets the metal well. This can be ordinary water - preferably saturated with surfactants, that is, soap or other detergent (foaming is harmful here, so it should be as little as possible!). But in order to avoid rapid corrosion of iron dust particles, which can simply "eat" them in a few days, it is better to use liquid engine oil for steel. Household is quite suitable - something that is used to lubricate sewing machines. Alternatively, you can use brake fluid, which retains its properties over a very wide temperature range. However, it should be remembered that brake fluid is very hygroscopic (although this is not so important here), and in an open vessel volatile fractions evaporate from it, which are by no means beneficial to health, therefore it is better to work with it in a well-ventilated room or in the open air.

The concentration of steel dust in the liquid should, on the one hand, not be too high so that the liquid does not become too thick and viscous, and on the other hand, not too low, otherwise the movement of magnetic particles will not be able to carry with it any noticeable volume of liquid. It is selected empirically by gradually adding sawdust to the liquid, thoroughly mixing and checking with a magnet. It is better to leave a slight excess of the base liquid, rather than get its deficiency, since in the latter case the mobility of the resulting substance decreases very noticeably.

The mobility of the particles of such a magnetic fluid is determined by the magnitude of the force of wetting the metal by the liquid, which "isolates" the metal particles from each other and ensures their relatively free movement. Surfactants (surfactants) moisten the surface of dust particles even better, which is why they are used in "professional" compositions. In strong magnetic fields, the force of mutual attraction of particles can exceed the force of wetting, and then the particles will begin to directly contact each other, and the liquid "hardens", becoming in something like wet sand. The specific value of the critical magnetic field strength depends both on the magnetic properties of the metal used and on the strength of metal wetting with the base liquid or surfactant, as well as on the temperature of the liquid and the size of the metal particles (larger ones “stick together” faster, because they have a smaller specific surface area per unit mass ; in addition, large sawdust easily settles to the bottom, while especially fine dust grains can be kept in suspension by the Brownian motion of the molecules of the base liquid). When the magnetic field is removed, the mobility of the liquid will be restored if the remanent magnetization is not too great.

Finally, it must be said that the magnetic fluid from iron dust turns out to be not only very thick, but also has high abrasive properties, therefore it is problematic to pump it through any pipes, but it can easily damage the bearings and working surfaces of the pumps that pump it (optimal the pump type is a gear displacement pump, similar to oil pumps in automobile engines). The abrasive effect is significantly reduced if the gap between the mutually moving parts exceeds the size of the largest particles by at least one and a half to two times. The pair of materials "hard metal - strong elastic plastic" are very resistant to wear in this situation. Plastic should be exactly elastic, like hard rubber or fluoroplastic, but not as hard as textolite or ebonite (and, of course, be chemically resistant to the action of the base fluid).

However, in many cases, these features of "magnetic fluid" are not fundamental, and many effects are manifested in it as well as in "real" magnetic fluids. In particular, the magnet pressed to the bottom, after being released, successfully floats to the center of the liquid even many minutes after the completion of the deposition of magnetic particles (however, in the settled liquid, this floatation can last several minutes, or even hours). If the same magnet, on the contrary, is placed on the surface, then it will submerge, again tending to the center of the liquid (more precisely, to the center of the area occupied by metal particles).

And a final note. Light shaking or tapping on the vessel wall significantly increases the mobility of the "slurry". If you don't feel like shaking your hands, then any source of weak vibration will do - right up to the speaker-subwoofer, to which you need to send a powerful low-frequency signal (although the neighbors in the house may not like it very much)! On such an impromptu "vibration stand" even settled and inactive "slurry" shows good fluidity. ♦

Ferrofluidhe is magnetic fluid - an extremely mysterious and curious thing. I first saw it ten years ago, in the Paris Museum of Science and Technology, where a tightly closed glass vessel with an oily black liquid inside was presented as one of the exhibits. A pair of magnets lay nearby. When they were brought in a vessel, the liquid reacted, getting up like a hedgehog and forming a picture of a rather menacing type of thorns repeating the shape of a magnet. There was also a short description of what it is and how it is eaten. Then I learned this name - ferrofluid. Of course, he craved it passionately, but then there were absolutely no ideas where to get it, no opportunities for this. And now, ten years later ...

Ferrofluid, in fact, is a suspension of ferromagnet nanoparticles (usually magnetite), about 10 nm in size (less often - more), stirred in a surfactant (an organic solvent such as oleic acid, or water), which forms a kind of film around the nanoparticles, not letting them stick together. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the particles line up along its lines, forming these characteristic needles. In principle, it is unlikely that I will be able to describe the properties of ferrofluid better than in Wiki, so I send those who want to know more theory there.

I found the sought-after treasured jar on Ebey, like many other things. The price tag was not very happy, but there were practically no alternatives (by the way, on supermagnete.de it is four times more expensive), so I had to order. And now, a month later, I finally have the jar. 8 ounces of this weird black crap.
The first thing that was discovered was that it got wildly dirty. If a drop of ferrofluid gets on light-colored clothing, NOTHING will remove this stain. And it is very, very desirable to wear gloves when working with it. Second, she squirts wildly. Drops were found in the most unpredictable places. And third - due to the combination of the first two properties, this jar will last for a very short time 🙁

Actually, as it turned out after several experiments, in order to get really interesting pictures of the distribution of particles, it is necessary to have powerful electromagnets and figures with a complex edge shape (such as drills, gears, etc.), and in a good way the electromagnet must be wound on this very object. Entertainment with permanent magnets is interesting, but, firstly, my magnets are rather weak for getting large pictures, and, secondly, this is entertainment for about five minutes, since the behavior of the liquid turns out to be rather monotonous.

Nevertheless, so far it has been possible to come up with a more or less colorful version of using permanent magnets with a ferromagnetic liquid: you need to bring the magnet not from below, but from above (of course, through an interlayer of glass or plastic), and then you can observe how a column grows from the center of the bowl with ferrofluid , and the glass under the magnet begins to bulge with needles of the flowing liquid. In addition, the force of gravity pulling the liquid downward significantly increases the length of the needles.

Ferrofluid is extremely difficult to photograph with high quality. In view of its very sharp glossy reflection of light and complete blackness in any at least somewhat noticeably thick layer (by the way, in a very thin layer it is brown), it is difficult to photograph the boundaries of the thorns. But in the end, I figured out what to do: shoot with a shutter speed of five seconds, and during this time wave the flashlight, illuminating the hedgehog from the stuck ferrofluid from different sides.

By the way, you can try to make ferrofluid yourself. Since I have not tried it yet, I will not go into details, but when I get there, I will certainly write down what and how. The main difficulty lies in the need to centrifuge the suspension, but you can try to get by with improvised means, because there is still no centrifuge.

I would also like to mention ferrofluid sculptures. This is what I will strive for and what I want to get from him in the end. A very mesmerizing sight, especially the levitating ones.

To a person far from scientific discoveries, who said goodbye to physics or chemistry in school, many things seem unusual. Using in everyday life, for example, electrical appliances, we do not think about how exactly they work, taking the benefits of civilization for granted. But when it comes to something that goes beyond everyday perception, even adults are amazed, like children, and begin to believe in miracles.

How, besides magic, can explain the appearance of volumetric figures, flowers and pyramids, magical pictures, replacing each other from a seemingly ordinary liquid? But it's not magic, science provides a rationale for what is happening.

What is a ferrofluid?

We are talking about a ferrofluid - a colloidal system consisting of water or other organic solvent containing the smallest particles of magnetite, and any material that contains iron. Their size is so small that it is even difficult to imagine: they are ten times thinner than a human hair! These microscopic indicators of magnitude allow them to be evenly distributed in the solvent using thermal motion.

For the time being, while there is no external influence, the liquid is calm, resembling a mirror. But one has only to bring a directed magnetic field to this "mirror", as it comes to life, showing the viewer amazing volumetric pictures: magical flowers bloom, moving figures grow on the surface, changing under the influence of the field.

Depending on the strength and direction of the influence of the magnetic field, the pictures change before our eyes - from light, barely noticeable ripples appearing on the surface of the liquid, through needles and peaks that change their sharpness and inclination and grow into flowers and trees.

The ability to create colorful pictures with the help of illumination, truly mesmerizing the observer, reveals an unknown world before him.

Unfortunately, metal particles, although they are called ferromagnetic, in the full sense are not such, since they cannot maintain the resulting shape after the disappearance of the magnetic field. Since they do not have their own magnetization. In this regard, the use of this discovery, which, by the way, is not entirely new - it was made by the American Rosenzweig in the middle of the last century, has not found wide application.

How to make and where is ferromagnetic fluid used?

Ferrofluids are used in electronics, in the automotive industry, and I want to believe that their widespread use is not far off, and with the development of nanotechnology, they will be widely used. In the meantime, it is mostly fun for the delighted audience, spoiled by various types of spectacles.

Three-dimensional pictures make you follow them with bated breath, doubt whether this is a montage, and look for an explanation of what is happening, at least on the Internet. Who knows, maybe a little boy who today watches metal "natural" flowers and figures with his mouth open will tomorrow find a fundamentally new application for this phenomenon, making a revolution in science and technology. But this is tomorrow, but for now - watch and enjoy!