Overview of radial drilling machines. Radial Drilling Machines - Overview of Models Radial Drilling Machines Description

Radial drilling machines are used for processing workpieces with large weight and dimensions in single and small-scale production: in repair production, shipbuilding and mechanical engineering.

Radial drilling machine Jet JRD-1600W

The main advantage over vertical drilling machines is the ability to process parts at any point without reinstalling it. This saves time and increases accuracy as reinstallation of a large and heavy part is a time-consuming event and can disrupt its alignment. Those. it is not the workpiece that moves, but the spindle relative to the workpiece.

On radial drilling machines, you can perform standard drilling operations for machining parts, and by equipping the equipment with special tools and equipment, you can bore or grind holes. They are universal.

Designation

According to the ENIMS classification, they are designated as follows: the first digit in the marking indicates the group "Drilling and boring machines", the second - the type - "Radial drilling machines", the third and fourth - the maximum drilling diameter. Letter - the machine was modernized. For example, 2V56 is a radial drilling machine with a maximum drilling diameter of 60 mm.

Modern imported machine tools do not have a designation standard - each manufacturer designates models according to its own standard. For example, Optimum classifies its radial machines into light (RB) and heavy (DR): RB6, RB8, DR5, DR6; Proma stands for RV-32 Heavy Machine; Jet - JRD: JRD-460, JRD-720R, JRD-1100R.

The absence of a standard leads to confusion and complicates the selection of analogues.

Layout

The equipment has a peculiar layout: the column and the table are installed on the stove. A traverse is fixed on the column, moving along the column in a vertical position, and it also has the ability to rotate relative to the column by 360 degrees. A drilling (spindle) head is installed on the traverse, moving relative to the traverse in the horizontal direction. It is made as a separate unit. If it needs to be fixed in a certain position, then there is a clamping mechanism for this purpose.

On the market you can find desktop radial drilling machines, the layout resembling vertical drilling. Their main difference from the classical layout is the ability to move the table in the vertical direction instead of moving the traverse.

An example of a kinematic diagram of a 2H55 radial drilling machine

The machines have a wide range of rotational speeds, drilling head speeds and mechanical feeds.

Brands

Today, Soviet equipment is being replaced by imported analogues. The main importers are China, Türkiye, Italy and Germany.

Optimum, Proma, Jet, Knuth have won a good reputation among manufacturers.

Designed for processing various holes and surfaces with an end tool (drills, countersinks, reamers, taps) in large body parts in conditions of both single-piece and large-scale production. Unlike vertical drilling machines, in radial drilling machines the alignment of the axis of the workpiece with the axis of the spindle is achieved by moving the spindle relative to the stationary workpiece. The layout of the machine (Fig. 6.11) allows you to install the spindle with the tool in

any point of the working area of ​​the machine due to the movement of the spindle drilling head 3 along the guides of the traverse (sleeves) 2 and turning the traverse around the column 1. The main size of radial drilling machines is the largest drilling diameter in medium hard steel, and the most important parameters are the number of the spindle taper, the spindle overhang from the guide columns (size A), the smallest and largest distances from the end of the spindle to the table 4 (size G) and up to the foundation slab 5 (size IN), the value of the axial stroke of the spindle (size B). The main movement in radial drilling machines is the rotation of the spindle, and the feed movement is the axial movement of the spindle together with the quill (sleeve). Auxiliary movements include: turning the traverse and fixing it on the column, vertical movement and fixing the traverse at the desired height, moving and fixing the spindle head on the traverse, etc.

Radial drilling machines are stationary (when installing the foundation plate of the machine on the floor of the workshop); portable (when installing the base of the machine on a large-sized machined body part), self-propelled, which are mounted on trolleys moving along rails, etc. (Fig. 6.12). Technical characteristics of the radial drilling machine mod. 2554 are listed below. The workpiece is fixed on the foundation plate. All movements are performed by the spindle of the drilling head. It rotates (the main movement), moves-

moves along the axis (feed movement), moves in the transition from hole to hole together with the head along the sleeve and together with the latter around the column. The sleeve can also be moved vertically along the column guides.

In the upper part of the drilling head there are gearboxes and feed as well as hydraulic switching mechanisms.

41 The workpiece is fixed on the foundation plate. All movements are performed by the spindle of the drilling head. It rotates (main movement), moves along the axis (feed movement), moves in the transition from hole to hole together with the head along the sleeve and together with the latter around the column. The sleeve can also be moved vertically along the column guides.

In the upper part of the drilling head there are gearboxes and feeds, as well as hydraulic shifting mechanisms.

A distinctive feature of the machines is the presence of a horizontal spindle that moves the axial feed. The diameter of the sliding spindle, which determines the main size of the machine, D= 80...320 mm. The machines are versatile and allow you to carry out various types of work: boring, milling (including holes), drilling, trimming ends, threading with a tap and cutter, reaming, etc. (Fig. 7.1). The shape accuracy of bored holes depends on their size and ranges from 2 to 15 µm. The roundness deviation of holes obtained by CNC milling is about 30 µm. When using additional interchangeable units (milling heads, faceplates, etc.), it is possible to mill mutually perpendicular planes, bore grooves while moving the faceplate slide mounted on the spindle, machine outer cylindrical surfaces, etc.

Advantages of machines: 1) convenient installation, fixing and review of the workpiece; 2) the possibility of processing workpieces from four sides without reinstallation; 3) simplified automated tool change and satellite table with part and workpiece.

Lack of machine tools is the limitation of processing modes depending on the spindle overhang (especially when the overhang exceeds 4 ... 5 spindle diameters). With a small overhang, the power of the main drive is effectively used, reaching R≈ 0,3D, Where R in kW, and D in mm.

The main difference between the machines is the way the tool moves along the axis. Z. On fig. 7.2, A,d shows diagrams of machine tools in which the movement of the tool along the axis occurs due to the movement of the main spindle 1 .

Additional axial movement W carried out by the rack 3 or table 2 Layouts allow you to process workpieces with a constant spindle overhang. The machine with a cross-shaped table is characterized by increased deformation of the sled 2 when moving the table 3 to the extreme position (along the axis X). There are known difficulties when integrating the machine into the FMS, since the table has two movements, which complicates the control of the tool change mechanism. The machines also differ in the location of the headstock: on the side of the rack (all large machines) or in the center of the portal rack (with a spindle diameter of up to 160 mm). The machines are equipped with mechanisms for automatic change of tools, attachments and parts. The number of tools in the store reaches 200 pieces, and the store is most often located on the machine stand or next to the machine. In some cases, automatic magazine replacement is provided. Removable satellite tables up to 3000 × 4000 mm in size are most often used in the layouts in fig. 7.2, A And b. The number of satellites usually does not exceed two.

42 On milling machines, they process flat and shaped surfaces with the help of cutters (Fig. 5.1), especially on levers, slats, body and other parts that are not bodies of rotation, make local cuts and cuts, cut straight and helical grooves, and in some cases cut threads and teeth of wheels. The rotation of the cutter is the main movement, the relative movement of the cutter and the workpiece (usually rectilinear) is the feed movement. The workpiece is placed on a table, almost always rectangular. The dimensions of the working surface of the table are the main dimensions of milling machines: width 100 ... 5000 mm, length 400 ... 16 000 mm and more. Milling machines are classified by layout (number and arrangement of spindles, distribution of movements) or by purpose. There are the following types and their varieties: horizontally milling console machines (with a horizontal spindle and console), including simple universal ones - with a rotary table wide-universal - with additional milling heads vertically = milling machines (with a vertical spindle), including console and non-console, also called with a cross table, longitudinal milling machines, including single-column, two-column), with a mobile portal; wide-purpose tool machines - with a vertical working plane of the main table and transverse movement of the spindle units (Fig. 5.2, And); copy-milling machines (Fig. 5.2, To); continuous milling machines, including rotary milling machines (Fig. 5.2, l), drum-milling.

Layouts. Main spindle 1 (fig. 5.3) of a wide-purpose machine protrudes from the bed (rack) 9 . On a retractable trunk 2 swivel head fixed 3 with a spindle having an independent drive and an overlay head can be docked 4 with own spindle. The first of the heads has two axes of rotation: horizontal (trunk axis) and perpendicular to it. Overlay head 4 can rotate around a third axis perpendicular to the first two. Mills are fixed directly on spindles or mandrels. Earrings are used to support the mandrel inserted into the main spindle 5 . This makes it possible to work with cylindrical cutters or a set of disk (shaped) cutters. The workpiece receives longitudinal movement from the table 6 (fixed), transverse - from the sled 7 , vertical - from the console 8 , which is a box with a large overhang relative to the guides that mate it with the rack 9 . A feed box is built into the console, a gearbox is built into the rack 10 main spindle.

44 When processing teeth, splines, grooves, cutting helical grooves and other operations on milling machines, dividing heads are often used. Dividing heads, as devices, are used on console universal milling and universal machines. There are simple and universal dividing heads.

Simple dividing heads are used to directly divide the circle of rotation of the workpiece. The dividing disk for such heads is fixed on the head spindle and has divisions in the form of slots or holes (in the amount of 12, 24 and 30) for the latch latch. Discs with 12 holes allow you to divide one turn of the workpiece into 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 parts, with 24 holes - into 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 parts, and with 30 holes - into 2 , 3, 5, 6, 15, 30 parts. Specially made dividing disks of the head can be used for other division numbers, including division into unequal parts.

Universal dividing heads are used to set the workpiece at the required angle relative to the machine table, to rotate it around its axis at certain angles, to keep the workpiece continuously rotating when milling helical grooves.

In the domestic industry, universal dividing heads of the UDG type are used on console universal milling machines (Fig. 1, a). Figure 1, 6 shows accessories for dividing heads of the UDG type.

On universal tool milling machines, dividing heads are used that are structurally different from dividing heads of the UDG type (they are equipped with a trunk for installing the rear center and, in addition, they have some difference in the kinematic scheme). Both types of heads are configured identically.

45. Metal-cutting machines designed to perform a large number of different technological operations without reinstalling workpieces, having an automatic tool changer and equipped with CNC systems, are called multi-purpose (MC). Body and flat parts can be processed from one machine on several sides (up to five). Typical technological operations are boring, drilling, countersinking, reaming, countersinking, tapping, milling of planes, contours and shaped surfaces. With a high concentration of technological operations performed, the MC is characterized by high processing accuracy (6th, 7th grade). Multi-purpose machines are supplied with the necessary cutting tools located in a special tool magazine. In accordance with the given control program, any tool from the magazine is used that is required to process the corresponding surface. Increasingly widespread use is also being made of devices for automatically changing workpieces pre-fixed on satellite tables.

Multi-purpose machines for processing body and flat parts according to the layout are horizontal, vertical and longitudinal-processing. With a horizontal layout (Fig. 5.14), the axis of rotation of the spindle Ш is horizontal, and such machines are most often used to process complex body parts. The headstock SB moves (Y coordinate) along the vertical rails of the rack 3, which can be movable (Z coordinate) or fixed. Some machines have a retractable spindle. On the longitudinal table 2 (X coordinate) there is a turntable 1. A tool magazine M is mounted on the upper end of the rack.

The automatic tool changer includes an autooperator A. The turntable 4 is used to install the next workpiece on the satellite table while processing the previous part of the same or completely different configuration.

On the MC of the vertical layout (Fig. 5.15), the axis of rotation of the spindle Ш is located vertically. The machines are convenient for processing many flat parts of complex shape (dies, molds, levers, covers, flanges, etc.). The spindle head SB moves (Z coordinate) along the vertical rails of the rack. The spindle is usually retractable. Longitudinal and transverse calipers ensure the movement of the part along the X and Y coordinates. The design options for the tool magazine M and autooperator A are very diverse.

The size series of MC are built according to the width of the table (from 100 to 5000 mm) with a geometric progression coefficient of 1.26. The movements of the working bodies are assigned according to the largest size of the workpieces installed on the table, taking into account the possibility of the cutting tool going beyond the limits of the surfaces to be machined. In the conditions of small-scale and mass production, the share of machine time in the total time of the MC reaches 70 ... .

Modern MTs have in the drives of the main movement most often quite powerful electric motors with a wide regulation of the rotational speed, which ensures the operation of each tool in optimal modes. The speed control range of such electric motors from the nominal at constant power reaches 8:1, and at constant torque up to 1:1000. The mechanical part of the drives is greatly simplified and is a two- and three-stage gearbox, which achieves high dynamic qualities of the drives.

MC feed drives provide a wide range of regulation of working feeds (up to 10,000 times or more) at a constant torque, high speed of auxiliary movements (up to 20 m/min), sufficient traction forces, stability and reliability of operation. The fulfillment of these requirements determines the wide possibilities of MCs, their high accuracy and productivity.

46. ​​Turrets (RG) are used in many groups of machine tools and have a capacity of 3 to 12 tools. Depending on the layout scheme, the RG can be with horizontal, vertical or inclined axes of rotation.

In horizontal axis turrets, tools can be mounted both axially and radially. For a radially placed tool, the dimensional characteristic is the overhang xKr, determined by the position of the tip p of the cutter relative to the center K on the axis of rotation. The size of the axial tool is characterized by the overhang zKp along the z axis. Typically, such WGs are equipped with interchangeable tool discs that are attached to a flange on the output shaft. Structurally, the disks are made with grooves or with base holes for installing various types of tools.

In turrets with a vertical axis of rotation, the tool is placed perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The overhang of the tool is determined in two planes by the values ​​xKp and zKp. The number of positions in such heads usually does not exceed 8.

Turrets with an inclined axis of rotation of the “crown” type provide the installation of a larger number of tools (over 12) with the same diametrical dimensions as disk WG. This arrangement allows you to increase the working space in the processing area by removing non-working tools from it.

Turrets for various groups and types of machine tools have design differences. In the WG of lathes, cutters or shanks of center tools (drills, reamers, countersinks, etc.) are usually attached to the mounting sockets. Only in a limited number of positions can rotary tool spindles driven by a separate motor be installed here.

For machines of drilling-boring and milling groups, the use of turret spindle heads is typical, in the sockets of which rotating sleeves with an internal mounting hole are installed for fixing the center tool. The RG periodically rotates to a predetermined position and is fixed. In this case, the spindle, which is in the working position, is driven by the main engine of the machine.

Tool stores are usually made in the form of autonomous devices (aggregates) designed to store a significant stock of tools (from 16 to 150 pieces or more). On fig. 6.7 shows the most common tool magazine schemes used in multi-purpose CNC machines. Depending on the location of the tool relative to the axis of rotation, the layout of magazines can be axial, radial or inclined ("crown" type).

Disk stores are used to accumulate a relatively small number of tools (no more than 20 in a single row arrangement). These are the simplest and most compact stores. Their design resembles turrets without spindle sleeves and clamping mechanisms.

Chain-type stores are made in the form of a conveyor with a flexible (chain)

connection between links carrying instrumental nests. The pitch of the conveyor chain is determined by the dimensions of the socket and the diameter of the tool to be installed. The length of the chain characterizes the capacity of the magazine. To increase the capacity of the chain magazine, it is advisable to move from a simple linear layout with two sprockets to complex chain drive configurations with multiple sprockets. Chain magazines in triangular, square, rectangular or zigzag shapes allow you to increase the capacity to 150 or more tools while maintaining a compact design. The chain magazine can be positioned horizontally, vertically or obliquely. In this case, the working section of the chain must be directed in such a way as to simplify the scheme for transferring the tool to the machine spindle and back, without limiting the processing area.

47. In ASI devices with a tool permanently fixed in the spindle assemblies, each of the spindles with its supports in the working position receives rotation from the main drive. The turret, similar to the heads of turret lathes, is mounted on a vertically moving carriage, which is shifted to the highest position to change the tool (by turning the turret). With this solution, there is no need for special auto-operators and transport devices, and a minimum (2 ... 3 s) tool change time is provided. However, in this case, with acceptable dimensions of the assembly, the number of tools used is limited (usually 7-8 tools); the need to rotate the turret requires its removal and limits the working space of the machine, high rigidity of the design and installation of spindle units is not ensured. Sometimes, to increase the number of tools used and expand the processing area, interchangeable spindle assemblies with a horizontal axis are installed in special rotary disk magazines. After turning the magazine, the next spindle assembly is connected to the drive of the main movement and the movement of the longitudinal feed is carried out. But even in this case, the accuracy of processing depends on the accuracy of fixing various spindle assemblies, the weight and dimensions of the ASI increase, and its cost. ASI devices with a tool change in the machine spindle differ in the type of magazine, its location, as well as the presence and type of auto-operator. Regardless of the type of ASI, the tool is installed in special standard tool holders, most often with a tapered shank with a taper of 7:24. This makes it easy (in the absence of self-locking) to remove them from the spindle mandrel and magazine nests when changing tools.

Automatic tool search. Three methods are used to program an automatic tool changer:

Installing the tool in the magazine according to the sequence of its use;

Tool coding;

Store nest coding.

If, when processing a workpiece, each tool is used only once, and in strict order, then the toolholders in the magazine can be installed in sequence corresponding to the technological process, and the magazine can be shifted by one step with each tool change. But, as a rule, each of the tools can be used several times, and the sequence of their work in the manufacture of different parts changes. Therefore, automatic tool retrieval is carried out using either tool holder coding or magazine pocket coding.

In the first case, replaceable code rings are installed on the mandrel, separated by intermediate rings. When moving the store, the code rings act on the limit switches. With the right combination, the CNC ensures that the magazine stops in a position where the desired tool is in the overload position. In addition to code rings, code combs or pins or a system with a magnetic code carrier mounted in a mandrel, equipped with a contactless code reading sensor, can be used.

When coding tool holders, the spent tool is returned not to the previous nest, but to the nest of the holder that is reloaded into the spindle, which reduces the overall duration of the tool change cycle. With this method, the tool can be placed in any nest of the magazine, which eliminates the possibility of errors when loading it. However, this method also has disadvantages - the design of tool holders becomes much more complicated; the possibility of using a tool whose diameter exceeds the step between the magazine sockets is excluded, since neighboring sockets may be occupied by other tools; difficult to find the right tool.

When coding magazine slots, each slot is assigned its own number, which is entered at the right place in the machine program. Therefore, the tool (together with the mandrel), taken from a certain nest, must necessarily return to the previous nest after use. The search for the desired nest is carried out using various sensors kinematically connected to the magazine shaft (code drums in combination with microswitches or sensors such as rotating transformers with a servo drive for magazine movement).

When coding magazine pockets, tool holders are simplified and it becomes possible to leave empty nests located next to those in which there is a large tool, which expands the technological capabilities of the machine. However, in this case, the tool change cycle becomes more complicated, since the search is carried out twice: once for the replacement tool, and the second time for the spent one. To eliminate this shortcoming, additional nodes are introduced into the design of the mechanism, which make it possible to combine the search time for the desired tool and an empty socket for a used tool with the time for performing work operations.

The spindle of the machine 1 is located in the retractable quill 5. In the front support, in addition to two radial ball bearings, there is also a thrust bearing 3, which perceives the axial load during drilling.

In the rear support located radial and thrust bearings 7 and 6, respectively. Thrust bearings are tightened through support washer 8 with nut 9.

The transmission of rotational motion from the gearbox to the spindle is carried out through its tail section, which is splined into the gearbox sleeve.

The lower part of the spindle has a Morse taper 5 for mounting the cutting tool.

A rail is cut into the quills of the spindle 7, designed to transmit the feed movement. A special key 12 ensures the limitation of the spindle stroke, the end of which enters the quill groove.

Pin 2 serves to stop the spindle in the extreme positions that act on the microswitch 10, opening the power circuits of the electric motor.

Drilling machine head

The drilling head consists of several assembly units. The gearbox and feeds are located at the top of the head. A hydraulic control panel is attached to the rear plane. In addition, the head is equipped with electro-hydraulic preselection (preselection) mechanisms. Allowing to produce the next technological mode of processing before the end of the previous one.

It is placed on the sleeve guides, along which it easily moves in the radial direction.

Ease of movement is ensured by the use of combined rolling-sliding guides. In the pressed state, the gap between the guides of the head and the sleeve is 0.03-0.05 mm, and the head moves along the rollers along the upper guides.

Rollers 1 and 4 are mounted on ball bearings 13 on eccentric axles 12.

The gap between the guides is adjusted by eccentric axles 17.

Radial drilling machine gearbox

The gearbox of the drilling machine is designed to transfer 24 rotation speeds to the spindle. Different spindle speeds are provided by switching the corresponding moving blocks. A friction clutch is located on the first shaft, which serves to connect the kinematic chain between the electric motor drive and the spindle.

Smooth and quiet operation, as well as the transmission of high loads, is ensured by the manufacture of all gears and gears from high-quality steel, hardening and subsequent grinding.

Gear box of a radial drilling machine

The feed box of the drilling machine is located between the spindle and the feed mechanism and receives rotational movement from the spindle through gear 1.

The lower supports of the shafts 6 and 7 are sockets located in the intermediate plate 4.

On the shaft 7 there is a sorting gear 3. An additional sorting group is located in the feed mechanism.

Technical characteristics of the radial drilling machine 2A554

Main settings	2A554
The largest drilling diameter, mm:
in steel	50
in cast iron	63
cut thread:
in steel	М52х5
in cast iron	М54х4
Distance from spindle axis to column guides, mm:
greatest	1600
least	375
Spindle travel, mm:
greatest	400
for one turn of the limb	120
one division of the limbus	1
The greatest movement of the drilling head along the column, mm	1225
The largest angle of rotation of the sleeve around column axis, deg	360
Hose vertical movement speed, m/s	0,023
Spindle speed limits, rpm	18...2000
Maximum torque on the spindle, Nm	7100
Overall dimensions of the machine, mm:
length	2850
width	1030
height	3430
Machine weight, kg	4700

Information about the manufacturer of radial drilling machines 2A554

The manufacturer of radial drilling machines 2A554 is Odessa Plant of Radial Drilling Machines founded in 1884.

Since 1928, the State Machine-Building Plant named after. V. I. Lenin began to specialize in the production of machine tools. The production of vertical drilling machines with a drilling diameter of up to 75 mm was mastered.

In November 1946, the first radial drilling machine with a drilling diameter of 50 mm was produced. Following these machines, the plant began to produce radial drilling machines with a drilling diameter of 75 and 100 mm, portable drilling machines with a rotary head with a drilling diameter of up to 75 mm, honing machines up to a diameter of 600 mm, deep drilling machines up to a diameter of 50 mm.

At present, the 2A554 radial drilling machine also produces Orsk Machine Tool Plant, Orsk.
Website address: http://orskstanzavod.ru

2A554 radial drilling machine. Purpose and scope

Radial drilling machine model 2A554 replaced the outdated model of the machine of the same series 2M55.

The general-purpose radial drilling machine 2A554 is used for drilling, reaming, countersinking, trimming ends in both directions, reaming, boring holes and tapping threads in large parts, the movement of which on the machine table is difficult, and in some cases impossible.

The 2A554 radial drilling machine is designed to obtain through and blind holes in parts using drills, to ream and finish holes previously obtained by casting or stamping, and to perform other operations. The main motion and the feed motion in the drilling machine are communicated to the tool.

The principle of operation and design features of the machine

The use of fixtures and special tools significantly increases the productivity of the machine and expands the range of possible operations, allowing it to drill square holes, turn internal grooves, cut round plates from a sheet, etc. With the appropriate equipment, the machine can perform many operations typical of boring machines.

The concentration of all controls on the drilling head, the presence of a hydraulic clamp of the column interlocked with the clamp of the drilling head, automation of the clamping of the sleeve, the presence of a system of safety devices that prevent the machine from breaking due to overloads, allow minimizing auxiliary time and achieving high productivity.

The layout of the machines is traditional for radial drilling machines and includes:

• Stationary plate with T-slots for clamping the workpiece, on which the inner column is fixed
• An outer, rotating column is mounted on the inner column on bearings, on which a sleeve with a drilling head is placed.
• Sleeve with the possibility of vertical movement along the column and with the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis together with the column
• Drilling head with the possibility of horizontal movement along the sleeve guides
• Spindle mounted in a cylindrical sleeve, with the possibility of vertical movement in the body of the drilling head
• The feed is provided by the spindle sleeve. All other movements are positioning
• All parts of the machines move with minimal effort and are fixed in working position by means of hydraulic clamps.
• All controls are concentrated on the control panel of the drilling head
• Spindle speed and feed preselection, as well as hydraulic control of gear boxes and feeds, ensures quick change of modes
• Friction clutch built into the gearbox provides fast reverse when threading and protects the gearbox from overload
• The machine spindle is balanced at any point of its movement
• The steering wheel control device of the drilling head has the ability to turn off the mechanical feed when the specified drilling depth is reached

Modifications of the radial drilling machine 2A554

2M55, 2M55-1, 2H55, 2Sh55,

2A554-2- radial drilling machine with a drilling diameter of 50 mm

2A554-1- radial drilling machine with a drilling diameter of 63 mm

2N55F2, 2M55F2- CNC radial drilling machine

2N554F1, 2M554F1-29- radial drilling machine with DRO

Dimensions of the working space of the radial drilling machine 2A554

Dimensions of the working space of the drilling machine 2a554

Landing and connecting bases of the radial drilling machine 2A554

Landing and connecting bases of the drilling machine 2a554

General view of the radial drilling machine 2A554

Photo of the radial drilling machine 2a554

The location of the components of the radial drilling machine 2A554

The location of the components of the drilling machine 2a554

Specification of the components of the radial drilling machine 2A554

1. Plate - 2M55.00.I0.000
2. Cooling unit - 2M55.00.12.000
3. Machine grounding - 2M55.00.86.000
4. Column electrical equipment - 2M55.00.81.000
5. Socle, column - 2M55.00.11.000
6. Sleeve clamp - 2M55.00.23.000
7. Sleeve - 2M55.00.2I.000
8. Hydraulic clamp - 2M55.00.33.000
9. Current collector - 2M55.00.I4.000
10. Hydrostation - 2M55.00.32.000
11. Reducer - 2M55.00.3I.000
12. Lift mechanism - 2M55.00.22.000
13. Sleeve electrical equipment - 2A554.00.94.000
14. The mechanism of manual movement of the head - 2A554.50.28.000
15. Steering device - 2А554.50.26.000
16. Spindle - 2А554.50.55.000
17. Feed mechanism - 2А554.50.25.000
18. Friction clutch control handle - 2M55.50.48.000
19. Head electrical equipment - 2А554.50.95.000
20. Spindle retract drive - 2A554.50.95.000
21. Counterweight - 2A554.50.37.000
22. Head clamp - 2M55.50.36.000
23. Pumping unit - 2A554.50.65.000
24. Grease - 2M55.50.68.000
25. Hydrocommunication - 2A554.50.67.000
26. The main cylinder - 2M55.50.66.000
27. Hydropreselector drive - 2M55.50.46.000
28. Hydropreselector - 2A554.50.45.000
29. Friction clutch - 2M55.50.I5.000
30. Gearbox - 2A554.50.I6.000
31. Feed box (24 steps) - 2A554.50.I7.000
32. Feed box (12 steps) - 2A554.50.18.000
33. Drill head - 2А554.50.00.000
34. Hydropanel - 2А554.50.47.000

The location of the controls of the radial drilling machine 2A554

The location of the controls for the drilling machine 2a554

The list of controls for the radial drilling machine 2A554

1. The machine is on; machine off
2. grounding
3. Introductory switch
4. Cooling pump switch

1. Coolant switching valve
2. Drill head travel handwheel
3. Handle for manual rapid approach of the spindle and the inclusion of mechanical feed
4. Drill head release button
5. Column and drill head release button
6. Clamping button for column and drill head
7. Dial clamp button for setting drilling depth
8. Feed Range Switching Lever
9. Counterweight Spring Tension Handle
10. Switch for automated cycles
11. Spindle fine manual feed handwheel
12. Button for disabling the spindle from the gearbox
13. Preset knob
14. 26. Button to start the main motor
15. Hydraulic system filter signal lamp
16. Sleeve down control button
17. Preset handle
18. General stop button
19. Handle for controlling the starting reversible clutch and switching speeds and feeds
20. Light switch
21. Arm lift control button
22. Signal lamp of a preliminary set of speeds, feeds

The device and operation of the radial drilling machine 2A554. General layout of the machine

The base of the machine is a foundation plate, on which the plinth is fixed. In the plinth, a rotating column made of steel pipe is mounted on bearings. The sleeve of the machine with a drilling head is placed on the column and moves along it with the help of a lifting mechanism mounted in the housing at the upper end of the column. In the same housing there is a hydromechanical device for clamping the column and a conductive device for powering the rotary and moving parts of the machine. The lifting mechanism is connected to the sleeve by a lead screw.

The drilling head is made in the vice of a separate power unit and consists of a gearbox and feeds, feed mechanisms and accelerated spindle retraction, a spindle with a counterweight and other units. It moves along the sleeve guides manually. In the desired position, the head is fixed by a clamping mechanism installed on it.

A tank is made in the foundation slab and a pumping unit for supplying coolant to the tool is fixed. A table is installed on the plate for processing small parts on it.

All machine controls are concentrated on the drilling head. On the base panel there are only buttons for the input switch that connects the machine to the external power supply, and the switch for controlling the cooling pump. To illuminate the working area, an electric fitting is installed in the lower part of the drilling head.

Electrical equipment is mounted in a niche made on the back side of the sleeve.

Kinematic diagram of the radial drilling machine 2A554

Kinematic diagram of the drilling machine 2a554

The kinematic diagram of the machine (Fig. 11) consists of the following kinematic chains:

• spindle rotation;
• feed movements;
• vertical movement of the sleeve;
• movement of the drilling head along the sleeve;
• rapid spindle movements.

Mobile blocks of the gearbox (three double and one triple) provide 24 steps of the spindle speed, in the range of 18...2000 min-1.

The double block on the spindle sleeve also has a third position when both gears are disengaged. In this case, the spindle is easily rotated by hand.

The feed box receives rotation from the spindle through gears 25-26. One triple and two double blocks provide 12 feed steps in the range of 0.056 ... 2.5 mm / rev. Another 12 feed steps are obtained by turning on the sorting gear 42.

Thus, the feed box provides 24 feed steps in the range of 0.045 ... 5 mm / rev. There is a version of the machine with 12 feeds in the range of 0.056...2.5 mm/rev. The shaft of the USh feed box is connected by a splined clutch to the vertical shaft of the X feed mechanism, which carries a special adjustable clutch that provides opening of the feed chain when the limit feed force is reached during cutting, opening of the fine manual feed circuit when the mechanical feed is turned on and switching on of the fine manual feed when the overload mechanism is activated. devices. The gear clutch of the overload device is connected to the worm 47, which is connected through the worm wheel 46 with the help of a steering device to the rack and pinion gear 45, which is engaged with the rail 44 of the spindle quill.

Coarse manual feed is carried out by rotating the rack and pinion shaft with a gear wheel 45 using handwheels.

The accelerated movement of the spindle is carried out from the electric motor through the gear coupling 67, - gear wheels 69, 68 on the worm, worm wheel gear and gear rack of the spindle quill.

The movement of the head along the sleeve is carried out with the help of a flywheel sitting on a shaft passing through the hole of the rack feed shaft. At the other end of the shaft there is a gear wheel 48, which, through a cap gear wheel 49, is connected to a rack 62, which is fixedly mounted on the sleeve.

The vertical movement of the sleeve is made from a separate electric motor through the gearbox 57, 56, 59, 58, mounted on the upper part of the column, the lifting screw 60 and the nut 61 located in the sleeve.

Changing the direction of movement of the sleeve is made by reversing the electric motor.

Table 7 shows the list of gears for the kinematic scheme.

Gearbox of a radial drilling machine 2A554

Drilling machine gearbox 2a554

Friction clutch and brake

In the spindle drive circuit between the main electric motor and the gearbox there is a friction clutch (Fig. 19), which is designed to turn on the rotation and reversal of the spindle, as well as to protect the drive elements from overload. The clutch is, in addition, an important link in the preselective control system for switching the speed and feeds. The friction clutch assembly consists of two clutches - the upper one, which provides direct rotation of the spindle, and the lower one, for rotation of the spindle in the opposite direction. Both couplings are assembled on one shaft 20.

The rotation from the electric motor through the gear clutch is reported to the gear wheel 5. The gear wheel 5, placed in the housing 7, is in constant engagement with the gear wheel 6, sitting on the shaft 20 of the friction clutch.

Thrust washers 11 and 16 and leading elements of the coupling 10 and 15 are fixed on the splines of the shaft 20, which carry the driving disks. The special design of elements 10 and 15, as well as the drive disks, allows maintaining a guaranteed gap between each pair of disks in the neutral position of the clutch.

Between the driving disks there are driven, smoldering special protrusions, with which they enter the grooves of the driven cups 12 and 18. The driven discs, as well as the driving ones, are made of hardened alloy steel and ground. The upper driven cup 12 carries gears 8 and 9, and the lower driven cup 18, which is also a brake drum, is fixedly connected to the reverse rotation gear wheel 19.

A pressure element with cups 13 and 14 moves on the shaft 20. When the pressure element moves up, the driving and driven disks are liquefied between the cups 11 and 13, as a result of which the driven cup with gears 8 and 9 begins to rotate at the speed of the leading element. When the pressure element moves down, the disks between the cups 14 and 16 are compressed - the gear wheel 19 receives rotation at the speed of the leading element.

The pressure element is driven by a hydraulic cylinder fork (see Fig. 23).

Cup 18 (Fig. 19) is covered by a split brake ring I7 with a nylon insert. The braking effect is achieved due to the spring 28, which tightens the brake ring. The brake release occurs hydraulically when oil enters the brake cylinder cavity. The control of the brake and the clutch is interlocked in such a way that in the neutral position of the clutch, the cup 18 is braked, and in the working position (upper or lower clutch is engaged), the cup 18 is disinhibited.

Under the friction clutch there is a hydraulic pump 22 of the drilling head, which receives rotation from the shaft 20 through the clutch 21.

Gearbox

The gearbox (Fig. 19) is located in the upper part of the drilling head and is designed to communicate 24 speed steps to the spindle. Different speeds are communicated to the spindle due to the inclusion of corresponding gear blocks movable along the axis of the shafts. A friction clutch is mounted on the first shaft of the gearbox, which serves to close the kinematic circuit between the drive motor and the spindle.

The lower supports of the shafts II, III, IV, V are mounted directly in the bores of the housing 25 of the drilling head. The axial position of these supports is determined by the retaining rings. The upper supports of all shafts are placed in special glasses located in the bores of the cover 2 of the drilling head.

Shaft U is a hollow cast-iron sleeve, the inner splined hole of which includes the spindle shank.

A reflector 26 is installed in the lower part of the sleeve, which prevents oil from flowing out of the gearbox crankcase. A gear wheel I is fixed on the sleeve, which serves to transmit rotation to the shafts of the feed box.

All gear wheels are made of high quality steels, their teeth are hardened to high hardness and ground, which ensures quiet operation and transmission of high loads.

Gearbox

The feed box (Fig. 20) is located between the spindle and the feed mechanism and receives rotation from the spindle through the gear wheel I, through the slotted hole of which the shaft UI is passed. The lower bearings of the shafts УI and УII are nests located in the intermediate plate 4. The lower bearing of the shaft УШ is located in the bore of the gear wheel 2. The upper bearings of the shafts are located in the nests installed in the holes of the drilling head cover. On the UE shaft there is a sorting gear wheel 3. In the zone of the feed mechanism (under the feed box (see Fig. 21) there is an additional sorting group. All gear wheels of the feed box are made of high-quality steel, and their gear rims are heat-treated.

Feed mechanism

The feed and feed switching mechanisms are shown in Fig. 21, 22.

The feed mechanism consists of two units: a vertical worm shaft (Fig. 21) and a horizontal feed shaft (Fig. 22).

Shaft I (Fig. 21) is connected to the last gear of the feed box and transmits rotation to the worm 7 through couplings 5,6,8, which have triangular teeth. The clutch serves to protect the feed chain from overload and cut off the mechanical feed when the specified drilling depth is reached.

The safety clutch of the feed mechanism is adjusted by the manufacturer to transfer the maximum axial force of 20,000 N by the spindle. The clutch ensures the normal operation of the machine, therefore it is advisable to adjust its spring by the consumer only in case of repair.

The clutch 5 is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 12 through a lever mechanism, the piston of which acts on the toothed lever 10. The latter, interacting with the rack 9, switches the toothed clutch 5.

The day of the implementation of fast movements with a non-rotating spindle on the side wall of the drilling head, an electric motor 4 is installed, connected to the worm 7 by a gear train 2 and 3 by gear couplings 13; 14" The control of the electric motor and cylinder 12 is interlocked in such a way that the rotation of the electric motor can only be switched on when the supply clutches-5,-6 are open and the clutches 13 and 14 are turned on.

Worm I (Fig. 22) is engaged with the worm wheel 25, freely rotating on bearings placed on a fixed hub 19.

A hollow rack and pinion shaft 23 passes through the hub 19. The needle bearing located in the socket 24 serves as the rear support of the pinion shaft.

The rack shaft 23 engages with teeth made directly on the spindle cup 18.

A bushing 3 is mounted on the splined part of the rack shaft 23, having two end grooves "in which crawlers 26 are located. The teeth of the crawlers 26 smolder a special triangular profile, consistent with the profile of the teeth of the coupling 2. Inside the crawlers there are springs 28, under the action of which the crawlers 26 always tend to exit out of engagement with the internal teeth of the clutch 2.

On the rack and pinion shaft bearings, the shift head 9 is mounted, which has two grooves in which the lever to the steering wheel 16 is fixed on the axes II. The toothed sectors of the steering levers 16 engage with the rack and pinion part of the pusher 8, which is in the bore of the rack shaft 23.

In the position of the steering wheel "away from you", the pusher 8 is pushed forward. In this case, the left part of the pusher 8 acts on the crawlers 26 through the rollers 27, forcing the crawlers with their teeth to enter the cavity of the teeth of the coupling 2. The mechanical feed is reported to the spindle. If you move the steering wheel to the “toward” position, the pusher 8 goes back, and against the rollers 27 there are recesses where the rollers are pushed under the influence of the springs 28. In this case, the teeth of the crawlers disengage from the teeth of the clutch 2. In this position, when the steering wheel is turned, 16 rotates rack shaft 23, informing the spindle manual movement (coarse manual feed).

Limb 6 is loosely seated on sleeve 5. After setting the drilling depth, it is locked with nut 7. Cam 15 is fixed on limb 6, which acts on microswitch 17. The latter turns off the mechanical feed when the specified depth is reached.

In the grooves of the sleeve 13 sliders 14 move, which serve to connect the switching head 99 with the pinion shaft. The grooves of the pusher 8 are made in such a way that in the position of the steering wheel 16 "away from you" the clutch 2 closes, and at the same time the clutch 4 opens, and in the position of the steering wheel 16 "towards you", on the contrary, the clutch 2 opens and the clutch 4 closes.

Thus, with mechanical feed and accelerated return of the spindle (clutch 2 is open), the risk of injury to the operator by handwheels 16 is excluded.

A cable tube 21 passes through the gear shaft, at the front end of which a push-button station II is fixed with buttons for clamping and pressing the drilling head and column.

Electrical diagram of the power unit of the radial drilling machine 2A554

The electrical circuit of the drilling machine 2a554

Electric motors of the radial drilling machine 2A554

• M1 - Tool cooling pump drive - XI4-22M; 0.125 kW; 3000 rpm
• M2 - Spindle and head hydraulic pump drive - 4A112MCHU3; 5.5 kW; 1500 rpm
• MZ - Rapid withdrawal of the spindle - 4AA63V2U3; 0.55 kW; 3000 rpm
• M4 - Hose drive - 4A90 4U3; 2.2 kW; 1500 rpm
• M5 - Drive of the hydraulic pump of the colony and sleeve - 4AX71A4U3; 0.55 kW; 1500 rpm
• M6 - Speed ​​set drive - RD-09; 0.015 kW; 9 rpm
• M7 - Feed set drive - RD-09; 0.0I5 kW; 9 rpm

2A554 radial drilling machine. Video.

Technical characteristics of the drilling machine 2A554

Parameter name	255	2a55	2n55	2m55	2a554
Main parameters of the machine
Machine accuracy class	H	H	H	H	H
The largest nominal diameter of drilling in steel 45, mm	50	50	50	50	50
The largest nominal diameter of drilling in cast iron, mm		63	63	63	63
Thread range in steel 45, mm					M52 x 5
Distance from the spindle axis to the guide column (spindle overhang), mm	450...1500	450...1500	400...1600	375...1600	375...1600
The greatest horizontal movement of the drilling head along the sleeve, mm	1125	1050	1200	1225	1225
The smallest and largest distance from the end of the spindle to the plate, mm	470...1500	470...1500	450...1600	450...1600	450...1600
The greatest vertical movement of the sleeve along the column (adjustment), mm	680	680	800	750	750
Speed ​​of vertical movement of the sleeve along the column, m/min		1,4	1,4		1,4
The greatest axial movement of the spindle quill (spindle travel), mm	350	350	350	400	400
Angle of rotation of the sleeve around the column, deg	360°	360°	360°	360°	360°
Plate surface size (width length), mm		968 x 2430	1000 x 2530	1000 x 2555	1020 x 2555
The largest weight of the tool installed on the machine, kg					15
Spindle
Spindle sleeve diameter, mm					90
Spindle end designation according to GOST 24644-81	Morse 5	Morse 5	Morse 5	Morse 5	Morse 5 AT6
Frequency of direct rotation of a spindle, rpm	30..1700	30...1900	20...2000	20...2000	18...2000
Number of forward spindle speeds	19	19	21	21	24
Spindle reverse rotation frequency, rpm	34..1700	37,4...1900
Number of reverse spindle speeds		18
Limits of working feeds per spindle revolution, mm/rev	0,03..1,2	0,05...2,2	0,056...2,5	0,056...2,5	0,045...5,0
Number of working feed steps	18	12	12	12	24
Limits of working feeds per spindle revolution when threading, mm					1,0...5,0
Spindle displacement by one division of the limb, mm		1	1	1	1
Spindle displacement per limb revolution, mm		122	122		120
The highest allowable torque, kgf * cm		7500	7100	7100	7100
Maximum feed force, kN		20	20	20	20
Column rotation clamp		Hydro	Hydro	Hydro	Hydro
Sleeve clamp on column		electr	electr	electr	electr
Drill head clamp on sleeve		Hydra	Hydra	Hydra	Hydra
Electrical equipment. Drive unit
Number of electric motors on the machine		5	7	6	7
Main drive electric motor, kW (rpm)	4,3 (1500)	4,5	4	4,5	5,5
Sleeve displacement drive electric motor, kW (rpm)	1,5 (1500)	1,7	2,2	2,2	2,2
Column hydraulic clamp drive electric motor, kW (rpm)	0,25 (1500)	0,5	0,5	0,55	0,55
Drilling head hydraulic clamp drive motor, kW (rpm)		0,5	0,5	-	-
Coolant pump motor, kW (rpm)	0,1 (3000)	0,125	0,125	0,125	0,125
Electric motor of a set of speeds, kW (rpm)	-	-	0,15	0,15	0,15
Feed set electric motor, kW	-	-	0,15	0,15	0,15
The electric motor of the drive of the accelerated movement of a spindle, kW		-	-	-	0,55
Total power of installed electric motors, kW					8,9
Dimensions and weight of the machine
Machine dimensions (length width height), mm	2500 x 970 x 2250	2625 x 968 x 3265	2545 x 1000 x 3315	2665 x 1020 x 3430	2665 x 1030 x 3430
Machine weight, kg	4300	4100	4100	4700	4700

The compact radial drilling machine, even having small dimensions and simple design, allows solving many problems associated with the need to obtain holes in metal parts. An important quality is the versatility of such equipment, which is equipped with both small repair shops and production workshops of large enterprises.

Features of using machines

The technical capabilities of the radial drilling machine allow it to perform various metal processing operations: drilling and reaming holes of various diameters, countersinking, threading, carried out using a tap.

Even a desktop machine in this category can be equipped with various working tools that increase its functionality. Equipped with such tools, radial drilling machines make it possible to perform technological operations that are typical for the equipment of the boring group.

Different models of machines in this category are distinguished by their dimensions and technical characteristics. The most common models of equipment for the radial drilling group are: 2M55, 2K52, 2A554, AS2532, 2N55, 2532L. The differences between each model of such equipment, designed to perform typical metal work, relate to their power, as well as to the list of technological operations that they make it possible to carry out.

The versatility that distinguishes the machines of the radial drilling group makes it possible to successfully use them for repair work of varying degrees of complexity. The functionality of equipment in this category is determined by its design, which may include various systems and elements.

Design features of machines

Machine tools of the radial drilling group are used for processing parts with different configurations and geometric dimensions, which are made of cast iron and steel, various non-ferrous metals. Such machines are classified as equipment of the second class, if guided by the generally accepted classification of technical devices intended for metal processing. The most popular models of equipment of the radial drilling group (2K52, 2M55, 2A554, AC2532, 2N55 and 2532L) allow drilling holes, the axis of which is located at different angles.

The technical capabilities of the radial drilling machine allow it to process any type of surface: cylindrical, conical, threaded and face. A desktop machine of this model is most often used to perform roughing, semi-finishing, as well as finishing technological operations.

The main tools that are equipped with radial drilling machines are drills, reamers, countersinks and threaded taps. To perform individual technological operations, a special-purpose tool can be installed on the machine.

The above models, which are most widely used, are mainly used for processing internal holes, which can be cylindrical and even conical. Parts that can be processed on the equipment of these models may have rather large dimensions and irregular geometric shapes.

The design features of radial drilling machines make the process of processing parts on them simple and convenient. The part on such a machine is fixed in a special fixture. The design of the equipment ensures smooth movement of the cutting tool in relation to the surface being machined.

CNC Radial Drilling Machine

Machine tools of this category, including desktop ones, are distinguished by high power characteristics, which makes it possible to process parts made of various metals, including steel billets, on them. Machine tools of the radial drilling group are successfully used to equip enterprises operating in various industries, this also applies to the automotive and aircraft construction.

Component structural units of machine tools

Machine tools of the radial drilling group used in modern industrial enterprises can be classified into one of four types according to their design.

• and 2M55 belong to the category of stationary equipment and are used to perform general-purpose technological operations.
• The design of machine tools models 2532 and 2A554 has a special column that can move along the surface of the workpiece, for which special guides are used.
• Large-sized machines of models 2532L and 2N55 themselves move along the surface of the workpiece, for which they are mounted on rail guides.
• There are separate models that are installed directly in the processing area. With the help of such equipment, you can also perform finishing work, which is characterized by a high degree of accuracy.

To effectively and safely use any model of this equipment, and not just a CNC radial drilling machine, it is necessary to understand its device very well and have the appropriate qualifications.

The design of any machine of this category, including a desktop one, necessarily contains the following elements: a reliable base on which the workpiece is fixed, a cylindrical column, a traverse and a working head in which the cutting tool is fixed.

The column of the radial drilling machine, on which the horizontal traverse is fixed, can, if necessary, perform rotational movements. The traverse can move in a horizontal plane; a drilling head with a working spindle is mounted on this element, in which the cutting tool is fixed.

The design of such a desktop machine is simple and reliable, which becomes clear even from the photo. This equipment is easy to maintain and subject to the required repairs.

Machine principles

The gearbox and adjustment of the working gears, which are equipped with each desktop machine of the radial drilling group, are located in its drilling headstock. The working bodies, with the help of which the operation of the machine is controlled, are located on its front panel. The processing of parts on machines of this category is carried out due to the rotation of the cutting tool.

Before putting the equipment into operation, using special handles, the parameters of the tool rotation speed and feed rate are set. When choosing the parameters of processing performed on the machine of the radial drilling group, a number of factors are taken into account: the maximum diameter of the hole that can be machined on the machine; the maximum amount of spindle movement; the number of the attached cone located in the inner part of the spindle; the number of revolutions that the spindle can make; the number of steps that allow you to adjust the spindle speed.

The power possessed by machines of the radial drilling group of a certain model mainly depends on the parameters of the electric motor used to equip it. Of great importance is the cost of the machine, which depends both on its technical condition and functionality.

During operation, the need for equipment maintenance and repair regularly arises, which should only be carried out by qualified specialists with sufficient experience in this area.