1. General Provisions 2. Objects of the national economy that do not require a fire-fighting water supply 3.1 Objects allowing fire-fighting water supply from tanks 3.2 Water consumption for external fire extinguishing 3.3 Volume of fire tanks and open water 3.4 Placement and equipment of fire tanks 4. Fire extinguishing of objects of the national economy from the network of fire-fighting water supply 4.1 Schemes of fire water supply and water supply systems 4.2 Water consumption for fire fighting 4.3 Free pressures for fire fighting 4.4 Duration of fire extinguishing 4.5 Placement of fire-fighting equipment and fittings 4.6 Calculation of fire water supply 4.7 Selection of pumping equipment and determination of tank capacity

1. General Provisions

1.1. This manual has been compiled on the basis of the current rules and regulations:

determination of the need for an external and internal fire extinguishing device for each building;

determination of the estimated flow and the required pressure for internal and external fire extinguishing for each building;

determination of the dictating building in terms of costs and pressures for fire fighting;

selection of a fire extinguishing source, identifying the possibility of external fire extinguishing from a tank, solving the scheme of external networks;

determination of the volume of fire-fighting tanks, diameters of pipelines, if necessary, pumping equipment;

detached, located outside settlements, catering establishments (canteens, snack bars, cafes, etc.) with a building volume of up to 1000 m 3 and trade enterprises with an area of ​​up to 150 m 2 (with the exception of department stores), as well as public buildings I and II degrees of fire resistance up to 250 m 3 located in settlements;

industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance up to 1000 m 3 (with the exception of buildings with unprotected metal or wooden supporting structures, as well as with polymer insulation up to 250 m 3) with production facilities of category D;

factories for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products and ready-mixed concrete with buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, located in settlements equipped with water supply networks, provided that hydrants are placed at a distance of no more than 200 m from the most remote building of the plant;

seasonal universal receiving points for agricultural products with a building volume of up to 1000 m 3, buildings of warehouses for combustible materials and fireproof materials in combustible packaging with an area of ​​up to 50 m 2 ".

2.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings", clause 6.5:

"Internal fire-fighting water supply should not be provided for:

a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in Table. 1 and 2;

b) in the buildings of general education schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in baths;

c) in the buildings of seasonal cinemas for any number of seats;

d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;

e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance from non-combustible materials of categories D and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III - IV degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m 3 of categories D, D;

f) in production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing is provided from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs);

g) in the buildings of roughage warehouses with a volume of up to 3000 m 3;

h) in buildings of warehouses for mineral fertilizers with a volume of up to 5000 m 3, I and II degrees of fire resistance from non-combustible materials.

Note: It is allowed not to provide an internal fire-fighting water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance from non-combustible materials, up to 5000 m 3 ".

3. Fire extinguishing of objects of the national economy from containers

3.1. Objects that allow fire-fighting water supply from tanks.

3.1.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.11, note I:

"It is allowed to accept external fire-fighting water supply from tanks (reservoirs, reservoirs) for:

Settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people;

detached public buildings with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 located in settlements that do not have an annular fire-fighting water supply; with the volume of buildings of St. 1000 m 3 - in agreement with the territorial bodies of the State Fire Supervision;

industrial buildings for industries of category C, D and D with a water consumption for external fire extinguishing of 10 l / s;

warehouses for roughage up to 1000 m 3 ;

warehouses of mineral fertilizers with a volume of buildings up to 5000 m 3 ;

buildings of radio and television transmitting stations;

buildings of refrigerators and storages of fruits and vegetables".

3.2. Water consumption for outdoor fire extinguishing.

3.2.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

a) clause 2.12: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per one fire) and the number of simultaneous fires in a settlement ... should be taken according to Table 5.

Table 5

Notes: 1. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area must not be less than the water consumption for fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings indicated in Table. 6.

4. For a group water supply, the number of simultaneous fires should be taken depending on the total number of inhabitants in the settlements connected to the water supply.

b) clause 2.13: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) of residential and public buildings ... should be taken ... according to Table 6.

Table 6

c) clause 2.14: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for a building requiring the highest water consumption according to Table 7 or 8.

Table 7

The degree of fire resistance of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings with lanterns, as well as without lanterns up to 60 m wide per one fire. l / s, with the volume of buildings. thousand m 3
			St. 3 to 5	St. 5 to 20	St. 20 to 50

Table 8

Notes to table. 7 and 8: ... 2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of detached auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises should be determined from Table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

3. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of agricultural enterprises should be determined according to Table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

7. The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures must be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-2-80; production categories for explosive, explosive and fire hazard - SNiP II-90-81.

For buildings of the II degree of fire resistance with wooden structures, the water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be taken 5 l / s more than indicated in Table. 7 and 8".

d) clause 2.15: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the highest water consumption is required.

e) clause 2.24: "The duration of fire extinguishing should be taken as 3 hours; for buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with non-combustible load-bearing structures and insulation with industries of categories D and D - 2 hours."

3.3. The volume of fire tanks and open
reservoirs

3.3.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", p. 9.28.

"The volume of fire tanks and reservoirs should be determined based on the estimated water consumption and the duration of fire extinguishing ...

Note. 1. The volume of open water bodies must be calculated taking into account the possible evaporation of water and the formation of ice. The excess of the edge of an open reservoir above the highest water level in it must be at least 0.5 m.

3.4. Placement and equipment of fire tanks.

3.4.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

a) clause 9.28; notes: "2. Free access for fire engines with road surface should be provided to fire tanks, reservoirs and receiving wells in accordance with clause 14.6.

3. At the locations of fire tanks and reservoirs, signs should be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009-83 ".

Pointers located near fire tanks or reservoirs must be light or fluorescent with the letter index PV, digital values ​​​​of the water supply in m 3 and the number of fire trucks that can be simultaneously installed at the fire reservoir ".

b) clause 9.29: "The number of fire tanks or reservoirs must be at least two, while each of them must store 50% of the volume of water for fire extinguishing.

The distance between fire tanks or reservoirs should be taken in accordance with paragraph 9.30, while the water supply to any point of the fire should be provided from two adjacent reservoirs or reservoirs.

c) clause 9.30: "Fire tanks or reservoirs should be placed from the condition of their service to buildings located within a radius of:

in the presence of motor pumps - 100 - 150 m, depending on the type of motor pump.

To increase the service radius, it is allowed to lay dead-end pipelines from tanks or reservoirs with a length of not more than 200 m, taking into account the requirements of clause 9.32.

Distance from the point of water intake from reservoirs or reservoirs to buildings III; IV and V degrees of fire resistance and to open warehouses of combustible materials should be at least 30 m, to buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance - at least 10 m.

d) clause 9.31: "The supply of water for filling fire tanks and reservoirs should be provided through fire hoses up to 250 m long, and upon agreement with the State fire supervision authorities - up to 500 m long."

e) paragraph 9.32: "If the direct intake of water from a fire tank or reservoir by car pumps or motor pumps is difficult, it is necessary to provide receiving wells with a volume of 3 - 5 m 3.

The diameter of the pipeline connecting the reservoir or reservoir with the receiving well should be taken from the condition of skipping the estimated water flow for external fire extinguishing, but not less than 200 mm. In front of the receiving well on the connecting pipeline, a well with a valve should be installed, the steering wheel of which must be brought out under the hatch cover.

A grid should be provided on the connecting pipeline from the side of the reservoir.

e) P. 9.33: "Fire tanks and reservoirs are not required to be equipped with overflow and discharge pipelines ...".

g) Clause 14.6: "To buildings and water supply facilities ... it is necessary to provide entrances ... with a lightweight improved coating.".

4. Fire extinguishing of objects of the national economy
from the fire fighting network.

4.1. Schemes of fire-fighting water supply and water supply systems.

4.1.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.11:

"Fire-fighting water supply should be provided in settlements, at national economy facilities and, as a rule, be combined with domestic drinking or industrial water supply."

4.1.2. When designing objects, the following main options for the installation of a fire-fighting water supply system are possible:

integrated domestic drinking production and fire water supply, fed from the city ring networks and provided with the necessary flow and pressure;

combined economic and fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply fed from the city ring networks and provided with the necessary flow and pressure;

integrated economic and fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply with local booster installations for the needs of internal fire extinguishing, powered by ring city networks that do not provide buildings with the required pressure for internal fire extinguishing;

a combined economic and fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply system with a complex of water supply facilities (pumping station and tanks), powered by city networks that do not provide the facility with the required flow and pressure;

a combined utility and drinking industrial fire-fighting water supply system with a complex of water supply facilities (pumping station and tanks), powered by city networks that do not provide the facility with the required flow and pressure;

fire-fighting water supply with tanks and a pumping station, if it is impossible to combine it with a drinking or industrial water supply. This option is used only in exceptional cases.

The design of the above options is reduced to solving the following main tasks:

determination of estimated costs for fire fighting;

determination of the required pressure;

calculation of pipelines for the passage of fire consumption;

determination of the required capacity of the tanks (if necessary);

selection of pumping equipment (if necessary).

4.1.3. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

a) Clause 4.4: "Centralized water supply systems are divided into three categories according to the degree of provision of water supply:

I - it is allowed to reduce the supply of water for household and drinking needs by no more than 30% of the estimated consumption and for production needs to the limit established by the emergency schedule of the enterprises; the duration of the decrease in supply should not exceed 3 days. A break in the water supply or a decrease in the supply below the specified limit is allowed for the time of turning off the damaged and turning on the reserve elements of the system (equipment, fittings, structures, pipelines, etc.), but not more than 10 minutes;

II - the value of the allowable decrease in water supply is the same as for category I; the duration of the decrease in supply should not exceed 10 days.

A break in the water supply or a decrease in the supply below the specified limit is allowed for the time of turning off the damaged and turning on the reserve elements or carrying out repairs, but not more than 6 hours;

III - the value of the allowable decrease in water supply is the same as for category I; the duration of the decrease in supply should not exceed 15 days.

A break in the water supply or a decrease in the supply below the specified limit is allowed for the duration of the repair, but not more than 24 hours.

Combined drinking and industrial water pipelines of settlements with more than 50 thousand inhabitants. should be classified as category I; from 5 to 50 thousand people - to category II; less than 5 thousand people - to III category.

If it is necessary to increase the availability of water supply for the production needs of industrial and agricultural enterprises (industries, workshops, installations), local water supply systems should be provided.

Projects of local systems that meet the technological requirements of facilities should be considered and approved together with the projects of these facilities.

Elements of water supply systems of category II, damage to which may disrupt the supply of water for fire extinguishing, should be classified as category I.

b) Clause 4.10: "Calculations of the joint operation of water conduits, water supply networks, pumping stations and control tanks should be carried out in the amount necessary to justify the water supply and distribution system for the estimated period, establish the order of its implementation, select pumping equipment and determine the required volumes of control tanks and their location for each stage of construction".

c) Clause 4.11: "For water supply systems of settlements, calculations of the joint operation of water pipelines, water supply networks, pumping stations and control tanks should, as a rule, be performed for the following characteristic water supply modes:

per day of maximum water consumption - maximum, average and minimum hourly consumption, as well as maximum hourly consumption and estimated water consumption for fire fighting;

per day of average water consumption

Average hourly consumption;

per day of minimum water consumption - the minimum hourly consumption.

Carrying out calculations for other modes of water consumption, as well as refusing to carry out calculations for one or more of these modes, is allowed when justifying the sufficiency of the calculations carried out to identify the conditions for the joint operation of water conduits, pumping stations, control tanks and distribution networks for all characteristic modes of water consumption.

For industrial water supply systems, the characteristic conditions for their operation are established in accordance with the characteristics of the production technology and ensuring fire safety.

Note: When calculating structures, conduits and networks for the period of fire extinguishing, emergency shutdown of conduits and lines of ring networks, as well as sections and blocks is not taken into account.

4.2. Water consumption for firefighting.

Estimated water consumption for fire extinguishing equals:

Q well. \u003d Q n + Q ext + Q mouth,

where Q n - estimated consumption for external fire extinguishing;

Q vn - estimated consumption for internal fire extinguishing;

Q set - estimated consumption for automatic fire extinguishing installations.

As a rule, automatic fire extinguishing systems are equipped with autonomous tanks and pumping units, in connection with this, the definition of Q set. not included in this guide.

With an integrated network of utility-fire or industrial-fire-fighting water supply "... the estimated water consumption for extinguishing a fire should be ensured at the highest water consumption for other needs", ... (household, drinking, industrial) "... at the same time on at an industrial enterprise, water consumption for watering the territory, taking a shower, washing hearths and washing process equipment, as well as for watering plants in greenhouses are not taken into account ... "(clause 2.21 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" ).

4.2.1. Water consumption for outdoor fire extinguishing.

a) P. 2.12: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per one fire) and the number of simultaneous fires in a settlement for calculating the main (estimated ring) water supply lines is taken according to Table 5.

Table 5

The number of inhabitants in the settlement thousand people.	Estimated number of simultaneous fires	Water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area per one fire, l/s
		development of buildings up to two floors inclusive, regardless of the degree of their fire resistance	development of buildings with a height of three floors and above, regardless of the degree of their fire resistance

Notes: I. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a settlement should be at least the water consumption for fire extinguishing residential and public buildings indicated in Table. 6.

4. For a group water supply, the number of simultaneous fires should be taken depending on the total number of inhabitants in the settlements connected to the water supply.

The water consumption for the restoration of the fire volume through the group water supply should be determined as the sum of the water consumption for settlements (according to the number of simultaneous fires) that require the highest fire extinguishing costs in accordance with paragraphs. 2.24 and 2.25.

5. The estimated number of simultaneous fires in the settlement includes fires at industrial enterprises located within the settlement.

At the same time, the estimated water consumption should include the corresponding water consumption for fire extinguishing at these enterprises, but not less than those indicated in Table. 5".

b) P. 2.13: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing" (per one fire) of residential and public buildings for calculating the connecting and distribution lines of the water supply network, as well as the water supply network within the microdistrict or quarter should be taken for the building requiring the highest water consumption according to Table . 6.

Table 6

Purpose of buildings	Water consumption per fire, l / s, for external fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings, regardless of their degrees of fire resistance, with volumes of buildings, thousand m 3
		St. 1 to 5	St. 5 to 25	St. 25 to 50	St. 50 to 150
Single-section and multi-section residential buildings with the number of floors:
Public buildings with the number of floors:

* For rural settlements, water consumption per fire is 5 l/s.

c) Clause 2.14: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for the building requiring the highest water consumption, according to Table 7 or 8.

Table 7

The degree of fire resistance of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings with lanterns, as well as without lanterns up to 60 m wide per fire, l / s, with building volumes thousand m 3
			St. 3 to 5	over 50 to 20	St. 20 to 50	St. 50 to 200	St. 200 to 400	St. 400 to 600

Table 8

The degree of fire resistance of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings without lamps with a width of 60 m or more per one fire, l / s, with the volume of buildings thousand m 3
			St. 50 to 100	St. 100 to 200	St. 200 to 300	St. 300 to 400	St. 400 to 500	St. 500 to 600	St. 600 to 700	St. 700 to 800

Notes to the table. 7 and 8: 1. In case of two design fires at the enterprise, the design water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken for two buildings that require the highest water consumption.

2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of detached auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises should be determined from Table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

3. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of agricultural enterprises of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5 thousand m 3 with industries of categories G and D should be taken as 5 l / s.

4. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of timber warehouses with a capacity of up to 10 thousand m 3 should be taken according to table. 7, referring them to buildings of the V degree of fire resistance with the production of category B.

With a larger storage capacity, the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents should be followed.

7. The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures should be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-2-80; production categories for explosive, explosive and fire hazard - SNiP II-90-81.

8. For buildings of the II degree of fire resistance with wooden structures, the water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be taken 5 l / s more than indicated in Table. 7 or 8".

d) P. 2.15: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the highest water consumption is required.

Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings separated by fire partitions should be determined by the total volume of the building and a higher fire hazard production category.

e) P. 2.16: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of one - two-story industrial and one-story warehouse buildings with a height (from the floor to the bottom of the horizontal supporting structures on a support) is not more than 18 m with supporting steel structures (with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.25 h ) and enclosing structures (walls and coatings) made of profiled steel or asbestos-cement sheets with combustible or polymeric insulation must be taken 10 l / s more than those indicated in tables 8 and 7.

For these buildings, at the locations of external fire escapes, risers-dry pipes with a diameter of 80 mm, equipped with fire connecting heads at the upper and lower ends of the riser, should be provided.

Note. For buildings with a width of not more than 24 m and a height of up to the eaves of not more than 10 m, risers-dry pipes may not be provided.

f) P. 2.22: "The estimated number of simultaneous fires at an industrial or agricultural enterprise should be taken depending on the area they occupy: one fire with an area of ​​​​up to 150 hectares ..."

g) Clause 2.23: "In the case of a combined fire-fighting water supply system of a settlement and an industrial or agricultural enterprise located outside the settlement, the estimated number of simultaneous fires in accordance with the requirements of the GUPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR should be taken:

with the area of ​​the territory of the enterprise up to 150 hectares with the number of inhabitants in the settlement up to 10 thousand people. - one fire (at the sludge plant in the settlement with the highest water consumption); the same, with the number of inhabitants in the settlement over 10 to 25 thousand people. - two fires (one at the enterprise and one in the settlement);

With the number of inhabitants in the settlement more than 25 thousand people. according to clause 2.22 and table. 5, while the water consumption should be determined as the sum of the required larger consumption (at the enterprise or in the settlement);

at several industrial enterprises and one settlement - in accordance with the requirements of the State Fire Supervision.

4.2.2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".

a) Clause 6.1: "For residential and public buildings, as well as auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, the need for an internal fire water supply, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with Table 1, and for industrial and storage buildings - in accordance from Table 2.

The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified according to Table. 3...

Table 1

Residential, public and auxiliary buildings and premises		Number of jets	Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing l/s, per jet
	Residential buildings:
	with the number of floors from 12 to 16
	with the number of floors of St. 16 to 25
	the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m
	Administration buildings:
	height from 6 to 10 floors and volume up to 25000 m 3
	the same, the volume of St. 25000 m3
	the same, with a volume of 25000 m 3
	Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with cinema equipment	According to the VSN "Cultural and entertainment institutions. Design standards" Gosgrazhdanstroy
	Dormitories and public buildings not listed in pos. 2:
	with the number of floors up to 10 and volume from 5000 to 25000 m 3
	the same, the volume of St. 25000 m3
	with the number of floors of St. 10 and volume up to 25000 m3
	the same, the volume of St. 25000 m3
	Auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a volume, m 3:
	from 5000 to 25000

Notes: 1. The minimum water flow for residential buildings is allowed to be taken equal to 1.5 l / s in the presence of fire nozzles, hoses and other equipment with a diameter of 38 mm.

2. The volume of the building should be determined by the outer surfaces of the enclosing structures, including all basements.

table 2

The degree of fire resistance of buildings		Number of jets and minimum water consumption, l / s, per jet, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high and volume, thousand m 3
		from 0.5 to 5	St. 5 to 50	St. 50 to 200	St. 200 to 400	St. 400 to 800

Notes: 1. For laundry factories, fire extinguishing should be provided in the premises for processing and storing dry linen.

2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in buildings and premises with a volume exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 2 should be coordinated in each case with the territorial fire authorities.

3. Number of jets and water consumption of one jet for building degree:

III b - buildings of predominantly frame construction. Frame elements made of solid or glued wood and other combustible building envelope materials (mainly wood) subjected to fire retardant treatment;

IIIa - buildings mainly with an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of fireproof sheet materials with slow-burning insulation;

IV a - buildings predominantly one-story with a metal unprotected frame and enclosing structures made of sheet non-combustible materials with combustible insulation, are accepted according to the specified table, depending on the placement of production categories in them, as for buildings of II and IV degrees of fire resistance, taking into account clause 6.3 (equating the degree of fire resistance III a to II, III b and IV a to IV).

b) Clause 6.3: "In buildings and structures made of wood glued structures or unprotected load-bearing metal structures, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be increased by 5 l / s (one jet); when using building envelopes with polymer insulation - by 10 l / s (two jets of 5 l / s each) with a volume of buildings up to 10,000 m 3. With a larger volume of the building, the water flow must be increased by 5 l / s for every full or partial 100,000 m 3 ".

c) Clause 6.4: "In the premises of halls with a large stay of people in the presence of a combustible finish, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in Table 1."

d) Clause 6.6: "For parts of buildings of different heights or premises for various purposes, the need for an internal fire water supply and water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with clauses 6.1 and 6.2.

In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken:

for buildings that do not have fire walls - by the total volume of the building;

for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of type I and II - by the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water flow is required;

for buildings with premises with different fire hazard categories when allocating premises with a more dangerous category with fire walls for the entire height of the building (floor) - by the volume of that part of the building where the highest water flow is required;

if the premises are not allocated - according to the total volume of the building and a more dangerous category for fire hazard.

When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions from fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is considered for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - by the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.

Note: For buildings that have several fire hazardous buildings enclosed by fire walls, summing up the volumes of the room to determine the water consumption for fire extinguishing is not required.

Table 3

Height of the compact part of the jet or room, m

Head, m,

Fire jet productivity, l/s

Head, m, at the fire hydrant with sleeves length, m

Fire jet productivity, l/s

Head, m, at the fire hydrant with sleeves length, m

Fire hose tip spray diameter, mm

Fire hydrants D = 50 mm

Fire hydrants D = 65 mm

4.3. Free pressure during fire extinguishing.

4.3.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

a) P. 2.29: "Fire-fighting water supply should be taken at low pressure, fire-fighting high-pressure water supply may be accepted only with appropriate justification.

In the high-pressure water supply, stationary fire pumps must be equipped with devices that ensure that the pumps are started no later than 5 minutes. after a fire alarm has been given.

Note. For settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people, in which professional fire protection is not provided, fire water supply must be of high pressure.

b) P. 2.30: "The free pressure in the low-pressure fire water supply network (at ground level) during fire fighting must be at least 10 m.

The free pressure in the high-pressure fire-fighting water supply network must provide a compact jet height of at least 10 m with full water flow for fire extinguishing and the location of the fire hose at the highest point of the tallest building.

The maximum free pressure in the network of the combined water supply should not exceed 60 m.

4.3.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".

a) Clause 6.7: "Hydrostatic pressure in the system of domestic and drinking length of domestic and fire water supply at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should not exceed 60 m.

The hydrostatic head in the separate fire water supply system at the level of the lowest located fire hydrant should not exceed 90 m.

Notes: 1. In the system of fire-fighting plumbing for the duration of the fire, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 90 m at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance, while hydraulic testing of the systems should be carried out with installed water fittings.

2. For fire hydrants with pressures over 40 m, diaphragms should be installed between the fire hydrant and the connecting head to reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of the building.

b) Clause 6.8: "The total pressure at the internal fire hydrants should ensure that compact fire jets are obtained with the height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the building. The smallest height and range of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height premises, counting from the floor to the highest point of overlap (coverage), but not less than:

6 m - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high...

Notes: 1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account the pressure loss in fire hoses 10.15 or 20 m long.

2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l / s, fire hydrants and hoses with a diameter of 50 mm should be used to obtain fire jets of greater productivity - with a diameter of 65 mm. During the feasibility study, it is allowed to use fire hydrants with a diameter of 50 mm, with a capacity of more than 4 l / s.

4.4. duration of fire extinguishing.

4.4.1. Duration of outdoor fire extinguishing.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.24:

"The duration of fire extinguishing should be taken as 3 hours; for buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with non-combustible load-bearing structures and insulation with production of categories G and D - 2 hours."

4.4.2. Duration of internal fire extinguishing.

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings", clause 6.10:

"The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems."

4.5. Placement of fire-fighting equipment and fittings

4.5.1. Placement of fire hydrants.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" p. 8.16:

"Fire hydrants should be provided along highways at a distance of no more than 2.5 m from the edge of the carriageway, but not closer than 5 m from the walls of buildings; it is allowed to place hydrants on the carriageway. At the same time, installation of hydrants on a branch from the water supply line is not allowed.

The arrangement of fire hydrants on the water supply network should ensure fire extinguishing of any building, structure or part of it served by this network from at least two hydrants at a water flow rate for external fire extinguishing of 15 l / s or more and one - at a water flow rate of less than 15 l / s, taking into account laying hose lines with a length not exceeding that specified in clause 9.30 on paved roads.

The distance between the hydrants is determined by a calculation that takes into account the total water consumption for fire fighting and the throughput of the installed type of hydrants in accordance with GOST 8220-62 with rev. and GOST 13816-80.

Head loss h, m, per 1 m length of hose lines should be determined by the formula:

h = 0.00385q n 2

where q n is the performance of the fire jet, l / s.

Note. On the water supply network of settlements with a population of up to 500 people. instead of hydrants, it is allowed to install risers with a diameter of 80 mm with fire hydrants.

The length of hose lines is accepted no more than:

in the presence of autopumps - 200 m;

in the presence of motor pumps - 100? 150m.

The height of the fire hydrant should be taken from Table. 1 depending on the diameter and depth of the bottom of the pipe of the water supply network.

Table 1

Pipe diameter, mm	The height of the hydrants, mm, at the depth of the bottom of the pipe, mm:

4.5.2. Laying of external networks.

4.5.2.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures":

a) Clause 8.5: "Water supply networks must be ring. Dead-end water supply lines can be used:

For supplying water for firefighting or household firefighting needs, regardless of the water consumption for firefighting - with a line length of not more than 200m.

Ringing of external water supply networks with internal water supply networks of buildings and structures is not allowed.

Note: In settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people. and water consumption for external fire extinguishing up to 10 l / s or with the number of internal fire valves in the building up to 12, dead-end lines with a length of more than 200 m are allowed, subject to the construction of fire tanks or reservoirs, a water tower or a counter-reservoir at the end of a dead end ... "

Letter TO-7-2966 dated June 30, 1989 from Soyuzvodokanalproekt explains that the laying of sections of water supply networks in transit through buildings by SNiP 2.04.02-84 is not prohibited, but when a section of water supply inside the building is turned off, fire extinguishing should be provided from hydrants of any serviced by this external network .

b) Clause 8.6: "The device of accompanying lines for connecting passing consumers is allowed with a diameter of main lines and water conduits of 800 mm or more and a transit flow of at least 80% of the total flow; for smaller diameters - upon justification.

With a width of passages of more than 20 m, it is allowed to lay duplicate lines, excluding the intersection of passages with inputs.

In these cases, fire hydrants should be installed on accompanying or backup lines.

If the width of the streets within the red lines is 60 m or more, the option of laying water supply networks on both sides of the streets should also be considered.

c) Clause 8.9: "On water conduits and lines of the water supply network, if necessary, it is necessary to provide for the installation of:

rotary gates (latches) for allocation of repair sites;

valves for air inlet and outlet when emptying and filling pipelines;

Releases for water discharge when pipelines are empty...";

d) Clause 8.10: " Note: The division of the water supply network into repair sections should ensure that when one of the sections is turned off, no more than five fire hydrants are turned off ... "

e) Clause 8.13: "Water conduits and water supply networks should be designed with a slope of at least 0.001 towards the outlet; in case of flat terrain, the slope may be reduced to 0.0005"

f) Clause 8.14: "Outlets should be provided at low points of each repair site, as well as in places where water is released from flushing pipelines ..."

g) Clause 8.15: "Water drainage from outlets should be provided to the nearest drain, ditch, ravine, etc. If it is impossible to drain all or part of the discharged water by gravity, it is allowed to discharge water into the well with subsequent pumping out."

h) P. 8.21: "... For pressure conduits and networks, as a rule, non-metallic pipes (reinforced concrete pressure pipes, asbestos-cement pressure pipes, plastic pipes, etc.) should be used. Refusal to use non-metallic pipes must be justified.

The use of cast iron pressure pipes is allowed for networks within settlements, territories of industrial agricultural enterprises ...

For reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines, the use of metal fittings is allowed ... "

i) P. 8.30: "Water lines, as a rule, should be laid underground. In the case of thermal engineering and feasibility studies, ground and above-ground laying, laying in tunnels ...

When laying fire lines and combined with fire water pipelines in tunnels, ground or above ground fire hydrants should be installed in wells.

When laying underground, shut-off, control and safety pipeline fittings should be installed in wells (chambers).

Wellless installation of shut-off valves is allowed upon justification.

j) P. 8.31: "The type of foundation for pipes must be taken depending on the bearing capacity of soils and the magnitude of the loads.

In all soils, with the exception of rocky, traded and silt, pipes should be laid on natural soil of an undisturbed structure, while ensuring leveling, and, if necessary, profiling the base.

For rocky soils, leveling of the base with a layer of sandy soil 10 cm thick above the ledges should be provided. It is allowed to use local soil (sandy loam, loam) for these purposes, provided it is compacted to a bulk density of the soil skeleton of 1.5 t/m 3 .

When laying pipelines in wet cohesive soils (loam, clay), the need for sand preparation is established by the project for the production of works, depending on the planned measures for dewatering, as well as on the type and design of pipes.

In silts, peaty and other weak water-saturated soils, pipes must be laid on an artificial base.

k) P. 8.42: "The depth of laying pipes, counting to the bottom, should be 0.5 m more than the calculated depth of penetration into the soil of zero temperature.

When laying pipelines in the zone of negative temperatures, the material of pipes and elements of butt joints must meet the requirements of frost resistance.

l) P. 8.45: "When determining the depth of water conduits and water supply networks during underground laying, external loads from transport and the conditions of intersection with other underground structures and communications should be taken into account."

m) P. 8.46: "The choice of pipe diameters for water conduits and water supply networks should be made on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account the conditions of their operation during emergency shutdown of individual sections.

The diameter of the pipes of the water supply system, combined with the fire-fighting one, in settlements and industrial enterprises must be at least 100 mm, in rural settlements - at least 75 mm.

o) P. 8.50: "The location of the water supply lines on the master plans, as well as the minimum distances in the plan and at intersections from the outer surface of the pipes to structures and engineering networks should be taken in accordance with SNiP II-89-80"

4.5.2.2. SNiP II-89-80 "General plans for industrial enterprises":

a) P. 4.11: "Horizontal distances (in the light) from underground engineering networks to buildings and structures should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 9.

Horizontal distances (in the light) between engineering underground networks with their parallel placement should be taken not less than those indicated in Table. 10.

Table 9

Network engineering	Horizontal distance (clear), m, from underground networks to
	foundations of buildings and structures	fencing foundations, supports, galleries of pipeline racks, contact network and communications	track axis of 1520 mm gauge railways, but not less than the depth of the trench up to half of the embankment and excavation	axes of tram tracks	highways		foundations of overhead power transmission line supports
					side stone, the edge of the carriageway, the reinforced strip oboch.	outer edge of the ditch or the bottom of the embankment	up to 1 kV and outdoor lighting	over 1 to 35 sq.	over 35 sq.
1. Water supply and sewerage

Notes: 2. The distance from the water supply ... to the outer surface of underground tanks can be reduced to 3 m, and to the foundations of buildings and other structures up to 3 m, provided that the water supply is laid in a case. The distance from the water supply ... to the foundations of overpasses and tunnels for highways is allowed to be taken equal to 2 m, provided that these pipelines are laid at a depth of more than 0.5 m of the bases of overpasses and tunnels.

5. When laying networks below the soles of the foundations of buildings and structures, the distances indicated in the table should be increased depending on the type of soil or the foundations should be strengthened. In cramped conditions, it is allowed to reduce the distances from the networks to the foundations, provided that measures are taken to exclude the possibility of damage to the foundations in the event of an accident on the networks.

Table 10

Network engineering

Horizontal distance (clear), m, between

plumbing

sewerage

drain or drain

Combustible gas pipelines

power cables of all voltages

communication cables

Heating networks

canals, tunnels

low pressure up to 0.005 MPa (0.05 kgf / cm 2)

medium pressure St. 0.005 MPa to 0.3 MPa

high pressure St. 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa

high pressure over 0.6 MPa up to 1.2 MPa

outer wall of a channel, tunnel

ductless sheath

1. Plumbing

see note. 2

* In accordance with the requirements of the PUE.

Note. 2. Distances from the sewer to the drinking water supply should be taken: to the water supply from reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes laid in clay soils - at least 5 m, in coarse and sandy soils - at least 10 m, to the water supply from cast-iron pipes, with a diameter of up to 200 mm - at least 1.5 m, with a diameter of more than 200 mm - at least 3 m, to a water supply from plastic pipes - at least 1.5 m.

b) Clause 4.13: "When crossing engineering networks, distances but vertical (in the light) must be at least:

C) between pipelines and power cables up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;

d) between power cables 110 - 220 kV and pipelines - 1 m;

e) in the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, subject to the requirements of the EMP, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines can be reduced to 0.25 m;

f) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer, crossing water and pipelines for poisonous and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;

g) pipelines transporting drinking water should be placed 0.4 m higher than sewer or pipelines transporting poisonous and foul-smelling liquids; it is allowed to place steel pipelines enclosed in cases that transport drinking water of lower quality than sewer ones, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils, and sewer pipes should be provided from cast iron pipes;

i) inlets of domestic and drinking water supply with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below the sewer without a case, if the distance between the walls of the intersecting pipes is 0.5 m ... "

4.5.3. Placement of fire hydrants

a) Clause 6.12: "When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:

in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, it is allowed to install twin fire hydrants on risers;

in residential buildings with corridors longer than 10 m, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of two or more, each point of the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from two adjacent risers (different fire cabinets).

Notes: 1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided for if they contain combustible materials and structures.

2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.

3. When the number of jets is four or more, it is allowed to use fire hydrants on adjacent floors to obtain the total required water flow.

b) Clause 6.13: "Fire hydrants should be installed at a height of 1.35 m above the floor of the room and placed in cabinets with holes for ventilation, adapted for their sealing and visual inspection without opening. Paired fire hydrants can be installed one above the other, with In this case, the second crane is installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.

c) Clause 6.14: "In the fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place two hand-held fire extinguishers.

Each fire hydrant must be equipped with a fire hose of the same diameter with a length of 10, 15 or 20 m and a fire nozzle.

In a building or parts of a building separated by fire walls, sprinklers, trunks and fire hydrants of the same diameter and fire hoses of the same length should be used ... "

A cabinet for placing fire-fighting equipment (barrel, hose, faucet, fire extinguishers), as a rule, should have dimensions of 1000 × 255 × 900 (h), when installing twin fire hydrants, the size of the cabinet is assumed to be 1000 × 255 × 1000 (h).

d) Clause 6.16: "Internal fire hydrants should be installed mainly at the entrances, on the sites of heated (with the exception of smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, while their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people."

4.5.4. Laying internal networks

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 9.1: "Systems of internal cold water pipelines should be accepted: dead-end, if a break in the water supply is allowed and with a number of fire hydrants up to 12; ring or with looped inputs with two dead-end pipelines with branches to consumers from each of them to ensure continuous water supply.

Ring networks must be connected to the outer ring network with at least two inputs.

Two or more inputs should be provided for:

buildings in which more than 12 fire hydrants are installed ... "

b) Clause 9.2: “When installing two or more inputs, it should be provided that they are connected, as a rule, to different sections of the external ring network of the water supply system. one of the sections of the network.

c) Clause 9.3: "If it is necessary to install pumps in the building to increase the pressure in the internal water supply network, the inlets must be combined in front of the pumps with the installation of a valve on the connecting pipeline to ensure the supply of water by each pump from any inlet.

When arranging independent pumping units at each inlet, it is not necessary to combine the inlets.

d) Clause 9.4: "It is necessary to provide for the installation of check valves at the inlets of the water supply system, if several inlets are installed on the internal water supply network, having measuring devices and interconnected by pipelines inside the building.

Note: In some cases, when measuring devices are not provided, check valves should not be installed.

e) Clause 9.8: "The laying of distribution networks of internal water supply in residential and public buildings should be provided in undergrounds, basements, technical floors and attics, and in the absence of attics - on the first floor in underground channels together with heating pipelines or under the floor with the device of a removable frieze, as well as on the structures of buildings on which open laying of pipelines is allowed, or under the ceiling of the upper floor.Laying of risers and wiring of internal water supply should be provided in mines, openly - along the walls of showers, kitchens and other rooms.

Hidden laying of pipelines should be provided for rooms with increased requirements for finishing, and for all systems made of plastic pipes (except for those located in sanitary facilities) ... "

f) Clause 9.9: "The laying of water supply networks inside industrial buildings, as a rule, should be provided open - but to trusses, columns, walls and under ceilings. If open laying is not possible, it is allowed to provide for the placement of water supply networks in common channels with other pipelines, except for pipelines, transporting flammable, combustible or poisonous liquids and gases. Joint laying of utility and drinking water pipelines with sewer pipelines is allowed only in passage channels, while sewer pipelines should be placed below the water supply system. Special channels for laying water pipes should be designed upon justification and only in exceptional cases. Pipelines supplying water to process equipment may be laid in the floor or under the floor.

g) Clause 9.11: "The laying of pipelines should be provided with a slope of at least 0.002."

h) Clause 9.12: "Pipes, except for fire risers, laid in channels, shafts, cabins, tunnels, as well as in rooms with high humidity, should be isolated from moisture condensation."

i) P. 9.13: "The laying of an internal cold water supply system for year-round operation should be provided in rooms with an air temperature in winter above 2 ° C. When laying pipelines in rooms with an air temperature below 2 ° C, measures must be taken to protect pipelines from freezing.

If it is possible to temporarily reduce the temperature in the room to 0 °C and below, as well as when laying pipes in the zone of influence of outside cold air (near external entrance doors and gates), thermal insulation of pipes should be provided.

4.5.5. Piping and fittings for fire fighting
plumbing

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 10.1: "The material of pipes for internal pipelines supplying cold water should be taken:

for supplying water of pouring quality from galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of up to 150 mm and non-galvanized - with large diameters or from other materials, including plastics, approved for this purpose by the Main Sanitary and Epidemiological Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health;

for water supply for technological needs - taking into account the requirements for water quality, pressure and metal savings.

Pipe connections should be provided by welding, flanges, threads or glue.

When welding galvanized pipes, restoration of the zinc coating should be provided with a paint containing at least 94% zinc dust.

Note: 1. Plastic pipes for combined and separate internal fire water supply systems, except for connections to sanitary appliances, as well as their laying under electrical cables in semi-through and through channels and tunnels are not allowed.

b) Clause 10.2: "Pipes made of combustible materials, laid in rooms of categories A, B and C for fire hazard, should be lifted up from fire."

c) Clause 10.3: "Pipeline, water folding and mixing fittings for domestic and drinking water supply systems should be installed at a working pressure of 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm 2); fittings for individual fire-fighting systems and domestic and fire-fighting water supply - for working pressure not more than 1.0 MPa (10 kgf / cm 2); fittings for individual industrial water supply systems - for working pressure, taken according to technological requirements. "

d) Clause 10.4; "The design of the water folding and shut-off valves valley ensures smooth closing and opening of the water flow. Gate valves (gates) must be installed on pipes with a diameter of 50 mm or more.

Notes: 1. With vertically looped risers, it is allowed to install cork gland valves on them in the upper part and on the lintels. At the base of the riser, a valve and drain plug should be provided.

2. When justifying, it is allowed to use valves with diameters of 50 and 65 mm.

e) Clause 10.5: "The installation of shut-off valves on internal water supply networks should include:

on each input;

on the ring distribution network to ensure the possibility of switching off for repair of its individual sections (no more than a half ring);

At the base of fire risers with 5 or more fire hydrants;

Notes: 1. Shutoff valves should be provided at the base and at the upper ends of vertically looped risers.

2. On the annular sections, it is necessary to provide fittings that ensure the passage of water in two directions.

6. In residential and public buildings with a height of 7 floors or more with one fire riser, a repair valve must be provided in the middle part of the riser.

f) Clause 10.6: "When water fittings with a diameter of 50 mm or more are located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor, stationary platforms or bridges for its maintenance should be provided.

Note: With a reinforcement height of up to 3 m and a diameter of up to 150 mm, it is allowed to use mobile towers, ladders and ladders with a slope of not more than 60 °, subject to safety regulations.

4.6. Calculation of fire water supply

4.6.1. Calculation of external networks of fire water supply

The hydraulic calculation of the external network of the combined utility and drinking and industrial and fire-fighting water supply is carried out in two modes:

1) at normal times according to the formula:

q calc \u003d q x-p + q pr + q d

2) in case of fire according to the formula:

q calc \u003d q x-p + q pr + q pozh,

where: q calc - estimated water consumption;

q x-n - water consumption for household and drinking needs;

q pr - water consumption for production needs;

q d - water consumption for the use of showers

q pl - water consumption for fire extinguishing, equal to the sum of water consumption for internal and external fire extinguishing.

Hydraulic calculation of the network of production and fire water supply is also carried out in two modes or

1) at normal times:

q calc = q pr

2) in case of fire:

q calc = q pr + q exp

Hydraulic calculation of the fire-fighting water supply network is carried out for the mode of providing fire-fighting needs or:

q calc = q exp

Pipe diameters are selected taking into account the most economical water flow rates, at which construction and operating costs will be minimal. The value of these speeds in the normal mode of operation of the water supply system is: 0.7 - 1.2 m / s for pipes of small diameters; 1 ? 1.5 m/s - large diameters; 2? 2.5 m/s when fire extinguishing costs are skipped.

The value of the hydraulic slope for determining pressure losses in pipelines should be taken in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 10 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" or according to tables for hydraulic calculation of pipes.

4.6.2. Calculation of internal fire fighting networks
plumbing

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 7.1: "The hydraulic calculation of the networks of internal cold water pipes must be made according to the maximum second flow of water."

b) Clause 7.2: "Networks of the combined economic and fire-fighting and industrial-fire-fighting water pipelines should be checked for the passage of the estimated water consumption for fire extinguishing at its highest consumption for household and drinking and industrial needs, while the water consumption for using showers, washing floors, watering the territory is not taken into account.

It is also not required to take into account the shutdown (reservation) of sections of the water supply network, risers and equipment.

Note. For residential areas, for the period of fire extinguishing and liquidation of an accident on the external water supply network, it is allowed not to provide water supply to the closed hot water supply system.

c) Clause 7.3; "When calculating networks of drinking, industrial and fire water pipelines, the necessary water pressure should be provided at ..., fire hydrants located highest and farthest from the input, taking into account the requirements of clause 7.5."

d) Clause 7.4: "The hydraulic calculation of water supply networks fed by several inputs should be made taking into account the shutdown of one of them.

With two inputs, each of them must be designed for 100%, and with more inputs - for 50% water consumption "

e) Clause 7.5: "The diameters of the pipes of the internal water supply networks should be assigned based on the maximum use of the guaranteed water pressure in the external water supply network.

The diameters of the pipelines of the ring jumpers should be taken not less than the largest diameter of the water riser.

f) Clause 7.6: "The speed of water movement in pipelines of internal water supply networks, including during fire extinguishing, should not exceed 3 m / s, in sprinkler and deluge systems - 10 m / s.

The diameters of the pipelines of the water risers in the sectional unit should be selected according to the estimated water flow in the riser, determined in accordance with clause 3.3, with a coefficient of 0.7 ".

g) P. 7.7: "Head loss in sections of pipelines of cold water supply systems H, m, should be determined by the formula

H \u003d iL / (I + K l) (12)

The values ​​of K l should be taken:

0.2 - in networks of integrated utility and fire water pipelines of residential and public buildings, as well as in networks of industrial water pipelines;

0.15 - in networks of integrated industrial fire-fighting water pipelines;

0.1 - in the networks of fire water pipelines".

4.7. Selection of pumping equipment i definition
reservoir capacities.

4.7.1. Pump stations.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

a) Clause 7.1: "Pumping stations, according to the degree of water supply, should be divided into three categories, adopted in accordance with clause 4.4.

Notes: 1. Pumping stations that supply water directly to the network of fire fighting and combined fire fighting water supply should be classified as category I.

2. Pumping stations of the fire-fighting and combined fire-fighting water supply of the facilities specified in the note. 1 item 2.11 can be attributed to category II.

4. For the established category of the pumping station, the same category of power supply reliability should be taken according to the "Rules for Electrical Installations" (PUE) of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

b) Clause 7.2: "The choice of the type of pumps and the number of working units should be made on the basis of calculations of the joint operation of pumps, water conduits, networks, control tanks, daily and hourly water consumption schedules, fire extinguishing conditions, the order of putting the facility into operation.

When choosing the type of pumping units, it is necessary to ensure the minimum amount of excess pressure developed by pumps in all operating modes, through the use of control tanks, speed control, changing the number and types of pumps, trimming or replacing impellers in accordance with changes in their operating conditions during the calculated term.

Notes: 1. In machine rooms, it is allowed to install groups of pumps for various purposes.

2. In pumping stations supplying water for household and drinking needs, the installation of pumps pumping odorous and poisonous liquids is prohibited, with the exception of pumps supplying a foam solution to the fire extinguishing system.

c) Clause 7.3: "In pumping stations for a group of pumps of the same purpose, supplying water to the same network or conduits, the number of standby units should be taken according to Table 32.

Table 32

Notes: 1. Fire pumps are included in the number of working units.

2. The number of working units of one group, except for firefighters, must be at least two. In pumping stations of category II and III, upon justification, it is allowed to install one working unit.

3. When installing in the same group of pumps with different characteristics, the number of standby units should be taken for pumps of higher capacity according to Table. 32, and store a backup pump of lower capacity in a warehouse.

4. In the pumping stations of the combined high-pressure fire water pipelines or when installing only fire pumps, one standby fire unit should be provided, regardless of the number of working units.

5. In pumping stations of water pipelines of settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people. with one power supply, a backup fire pump with an internal combustion engine and automatic start (from batteries) should be installed.

6. In pumping stations of category II, with the number of working units of ten or more, one standby unit may be stored in a warehouse.

7. To increase the productivity of buried pumping stations up to 20 - 30%, it should be possible to replace pumps with higher productivity or arrange reserve foundations for installing additional pumps.

d) Clause 7.4: "The mark of the axis of the pumps should be determined, as a rule, from the condition of installing the pump casing under the bay:

in the tank - from the upper water level (determined from the bottom) of the fire volume (in case of one fire, the average - in case of two or more fires;

When determining the axis mark of the pumps, one should take into account the permissible vacuum suction height (from the calculated minimum water level) or the necessary suction pressure required by the manufacturer, as well as pressure losses in the suction pipeline, temperature conditions and barometric pressure.

Note: 1. In pumping stations of category II and III, it is allowed to install pumps not under the bay, while vacuum pumps and a vacuum boiler should be provided.

2. The level of the floor of the machine rooms of buried pumping stations should be determined based on the installation of pumps of greater capacity or dimensions, taking into account notes. 7 p. 7.3"

e) Clause 7.5: "The number of suction lines to the pumping station, regardless of the number and groups of installed pumps, including fire pumps, must be at least two.

When one line is turned off, the rest should be designed to skip the full design flow for pumping stations of categories I and II ... "

f) Clause 7.6: "The number of pressure lines from pumping stations of categories I and II must be at least two ..."

g) Clause 7.7: "The placement of shut-off valves on suction and pressure pipelines should provide the possibility of replacing or repairing any of the pumps, check valves and bases of shut-off valves, as well as checking the characteristics of the pumps without violating the requirements of clause 4.4 for the availability of water supply ... "

h) Clause 7.8: "The discharge line of each pump must be equipped with a shut-off valve and, as a rule, a check valve installed between the pump and the shut-off valve.

When installing mounting inserts, they should be placed between the shut-off valve and the non-return valve.

On the suction lines of each pump, shut-off valves should be installed at pumps located under the bay or connected to a common suction manifold.

i) Clause 7.9: "The diameter of pipes, fittings and fittings should be taken on the basis of a technical and economic calculation based on the speed of water movement within the limits indicated in Table 33.

Table 33

Pipe diameter, mm	Velocity of water movement in pipelines of pumping stations, m/s
	suction	pressure
St. 250 to 800

j) Clause 7.10: "The dimensions of the machine room of the pumping station should be determined taking into account the requirements of Section 12"

k) Clause 7.11: "To reduce the dimensions of the station in terms of it is allowed to install pumps with right and left rotation of the shaft, while the impeller must rotate in only one direction."

l) Clause 7.12: "Suction and pressure manifolds with shut-off valves should be located in the building of the pumping station, if this does not increase the span of the turbine hall."

m) Clause 7.13: "Pipelines in pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside the engine room, as a rule, should be made of steel pipes welded using flanges for connecting to valves and pumps."

o) Clause 7.14: "The suction pipeline, as a rule, should have a continuous rise to the pump of at least 0.005. Eccentric transitions should be used in places where the diameters of the pipelines change."

o) Clause 7.15: "In buried and semi-buried pumping stations, measures should be taken to prevent possible flooding of the units in the event of an accident within the machine room at the largest pump in terms of productivity, as well as shut-off valves or pipelines by: locating pump motors at a height of at least 0 .5 m from the floor of the machine room; gravity release of an emergency amount of water into the sewer or to the surface of the earth with the installation of a valve or valve; pumping water from the pit by the main pumps for industrial purposes.

If it is necessary to install emergency pumps, their performance should be determined from the condition of pumping water from the engine room with a layer of 0.5 m for no more than 2 hours and one standby unit should be provided.

p) Clause 7.16: "To drain water, the floors and channels of the machine room should be designed with a slope to the prefabricated pit. On the foundations for the pumps, sides, grooves and pipes for water drainage should be provided. If it is impossible to drain water from the pit by gravity, drainage pumps should be provided" .

c) P. 7.18: "Pumping stations with a machine room size of 6 × 9 m and more should be equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply with a water flow rate of 2.5 l / s. In addition, it should be provided:

when installing electric motors with voltage up to 1000 V or less: two hand-held foam fire extinguishers, and for internal combustion engines up to 300 hp. - four fire extinguishers;

Note: Fire hydrants should be connected to the pressure manifold of the pumps.

r) P. 7.19: "In the pumping station, regardless of the degree of its automation, a sanitary unit (toilet, sink), a room and a locker for storing the clothes of the operating personnel (on-duty repair team) should be provided.

When the pumping station is located at a distance of no more than 50 m from industrial buildings with sanitary facilities, it is allowed not to provide a sanitary unit "...

s) P. 7.21: "In pumping stations with internal combustion engines, it is allowed to place consumable containers with liquid fuel (gasoline up to 250 l, diesel fuel up to 500 l) in rooms separated from the engine room by fireproof structures with fire resistance limits of at least 2 hours. "

t) Clause 7.22: "The installation of control and measuring equipment in accordance with the instructions of Section 13 must be provided for in pumping stations."

x) P. 7.23: "Pumping stations for fire-fighting water supply are allowed to be placed in industrial buildings, while they must be separated by fire partitions"

v) Clause 12.2: "When determining the area of ​​industrial premises, the width of the aisles should be taken not less than:

between pumps or electric motors - I m;

between pumps or electric motors against a wall in recessed rooms - 0.7 m, in others - 1 m; at the same time, the width of the passage on the side of the electric motor must be sufficient for dismantling the rotor;

between compressors or blowers - 1.5 m, between them and the wall - 1 m;

between fixed protruding parts of the equipment - 0.7 m;

in front of the electrical switchboard - 2 m.

Notes: 1. Passages around the equipment, regulated by the manufacturer, should be taken according to passport data.

2. For units with a discharge pipe diameter of up to 100 mm inclusive, it is allowed: installation of units against a wall or on brackets; installation of two units on one foundation with a distance between the protruding parts of the units of at least 0.25 m, with passages provided around the double installation with a width of at least 0.7 m.

h) Clause 12.3: "For the operation of process equipment, fittings and pipelines in the premises, hoisting and transport equipment should be provided, while, as a rule, it should be taken: with a load weight of up to 5 tons - a manual hoist or a manual overhead crane beam; .. .

Note: 2. To move equipment and fittings weighing up to 0.3 tons, the use of rigging means is allowed.

4.7.2. Water storage tanks

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

a) Clause 2.25: "The maximum period for the restoration of the fire volume of water should be no more than:

24 hours - in settlements and at industrial enterprises with fire hazard industries of categories A, B, C;

36 hours - at industrial enterprises with fire hazard industries of categories G, D and E;

72 hours - in rural settlements and at agricultural enterprises.

Notes: 1. For industrial enterprises with water consumption for external fire extinguishing of 20 l / s or less, it is allowed to increase the recovery time of the fire volume of water:

		productions

2. For the period of restoration of the fire volume of water, it is allowed to reduce the supply of water for domestic and drinking needs by water supply systems of categories I and II to 70%, category III to 50% of the estimated flow rate and water supply for production needs according to the emergency schedule.

b) Clause 9.1: "Capacities in water supply systems, depending on the purpose, should include control, fire, emergency and contact volumes of water."

c) Clause 9.2: "The control volume of water W p , m 3 , in tanks (reservoirs, tanks of water towers, counter-reservoirs, etc.) should be determined on the basis of water inflow and withdrawal schedules, and in their absence, according to the formula:

W p = Q day.max (33)

where Q day.max - water consumption per day of maximum water consumption, m 3 / day;

K n - the ratio of the maximum hourly water supply to the control tank at water treatment plants, pumping stations or to the water supply network with a control tank to the average hourly flow per day of maximum water consumption;

K h - coefficient of hourly uneven water withdrawal from a control tank or a water supply network with a control tank, defined as the ratio of the maximum hourly withdrawal to the average hourly consumption per day of maximum water consumption.

The maximum hourly water withdrawal directly for the needs of consumers who do not have control tanks should be taken equal to the maximum hourly water consumption. The maximum hourly withdrawal of water from the control tank by pumps for supply to the water supply network, if there is a control tank on the network, is determined by the maximum hourly output of the pumping station ...

Note: When justified in containers, it is allowed to provide for the volume of water to regulate the daily unevenness of water consumption.

d) Clause 9.3: "The fire volume of water should be provided in cases where obtaining the necessary amount of water to extinguish a fire directly from a source of water supply is technically impossible or economically impractical."

e) Clause 9.4: "The fire volume of water in tanks should be determined from the condition of ensuring:

fire extinguishing from external hydrants and internal fire hydrants in accordance with paragraphs. 2.12 - 2.17, 2.20, 2.22 - 2.24;

special fire extinguishing equipment (sprinklers, drenchers, etc. that do not have their own tanks) in accordance with paragraphs. 2.18 and 2.19;

maximum household, drinking and industrial needs for the entire period of fire fighting, taking into account the requirements of clause 2.21.

Note. When determining the fire volume of water in tanks, it is allowed to take into account its replenishment during fire extinguishing, if the water supply to them is carried out by water supply systems of categories I and II.

f) Clause 9.5: "The fire volume of water in the tanks of water towers should be calculated for the ten-minute duration of extinguishing one external and one internal fire, while at the same time the highest water consumption for other needs.

Note. When justified, it is allowed to store in the tanks of water towers the full fire volume determined in clause 9.4. "

g) Clause 9.6: "When water is supplied through one conduit in tanks, the following should be provided:

emergency volume of water, providing during the time of elimination of an accident on the water main (clause 8.4) water consumption for household and drinking needs in the amount of 70% of the estimated average hourly water consumption and production needs according to the emergency schedule;

additional volume of water for fire extinguishing in the amount determined in accordance with clause 9.4.

Notes: 1. The time required to restore the emergency volume of water should be 36 - 48 hours.

2. Restoration of the emergency volume of water should be provided by reducing water consumption or using standby pumping units.

3. An additional volume of water for fire extinguishing may not be provided for with a length of one water line of not more than 500 m to settlements with a population of up to 5000 people, as well as to industrial and agricultural enterprises with a water consumption for external fire extinguishing of not more than 40 l / s " .

h) Clause 9.9: "Tanks and their equipment must be protected from water freezing."

i) Clause 9.10: "In containers for drinking water, the exchange of fire and emergency volumes of water within a period of not more than 48 hours must be ensured.

Note. When justified, the period of water exchange in containers can be increased to 3-4 days. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for the installation of circulation pumps, the performance of which should be determined from the condition of replacing water in tanks within a period of not more than 48 hours, taking into account the flow of water from a water supply source.

j) Clause 9.12: "Water tanks and tanks of water towers must be equipped with: inlet and outlet pipelines or a combined inlet and outlet pipeline, an overflow device, a drain pipeline, a ventilation device, brackets or ladders, manholes for the passage of people and transportation equipment.

Depending on the purpose of the container, additionally it should be provided:

devices for measuring water level, vacuum and pressure control in accordance with clause 13.36;

skylights with a diameter of 300 mm (in non-potable water tanks);

flushing water supply (portable or stationary); a device to prevent water overflow from the tank (automatic means or installation of a float shut-off valve on the supply pipeline);

a device for cleaning the air entering the tank (in drinking water tanks).

k) Clause 9.13: "A diffuser with a horizontal edge or a chamber should be provided at the end of the supply pipeline in tanks and tanks of water towers, the top of which should be located 50 - 100 mm above the maximum water level in the tank."

l) Clause 9.14: "A confuser should be provided on the discharge pipeline in the tank; with a pipeline diameter of up to 200 mm, it is allowed to use a receiving valve located in the pit (see clause 7.4.).

The distance from the edge of the confuser to the bottom of the walls of the tank or pit should be determined on the basis of the speed of the approach of water to the confuser no more than the speed of water movement in the inlet section.

The horizontal edge of the confuser, arranged in the bottom of the tank, as well as the top of the pit, should be 50 mm higher than the concrete bottom.

A grate must be provided on the discharge pipeline or pit.

Outside the reservoir or water tower, on the outlet (supply-outlet) pipeline, a device should be provided for water sampling by tank trucks and fire engines.

m) Clause 9.15: "The overflow device must be designed for a flow rate equal to the difference between the maximum supply and the minimum water withdrawal. The water layer at the edge of the overflow device must be no more than 100 mm.

In tanks and water towers intended for drinking water, a hydraulic seal must be provided on the overflow device.

o) Clause 9.16: "The downpipe should be designed with a diameter of 100 - 150 mm, depending on the volume of the tank. The bottom of the tank should have a slope of at least 0.005 towards the downpipe."

o) Clause 9.17: "Drain and overflow pipelines should be connected (without flooding their ends):

from water tanks of non-potable quality - to sewerage for any purpose with a jet break or to an open ditch;

from potable water tanks to rainwater or an open ditch with a break in the flow.

When connecting an overflow pipeline to an open ditch, it is necessary to provide for the installation of gratings with 10 mm gaps at the end of the pipeline.

If it is impossible or inexpedient to discharge water through the discharge pipeline by gravity, a well should be provided for pumping water with mobile pumps.

p) Clause 9.18: "Air inlet and outlet in case of changes in the position of the water level in the tank, as well as air exchange in the tanks for storing fire and emergency volumes, should be provided through ventilation devices that exclude the possibility of a vacuum exceeding 80 mm of water. St .

In tanks, the air space above the maximum level to the lower edge of the slab or floor plane should be taken from 200 to 300 mm. The crossbars and supports of the slabs can be flooded, while it is necessary to ensure air exchange between all sections of the coating.

c) Clause 9.19: "Manhole hatches should be located near the ends of the inlet, outlet and overflow pipelines. The covers of l-holes in drinking water tanks should have locking and sealing devices. Tank hatches should rise above the floor insulation to a height of at least 0.2 m

In tanks for drinking water, full sealing of all hatches must be ensured.

r) Clause 9.21: "The total number of tanks of the same purpose in one node must be at least two.

In all tanks in the node, the lowest and highest levels of fire, emergency and control volumes must be respectively at the same level.

When one tank is turned off, the rest should store at least 50% of the fire and emergency volumes of water.

Tank equipment should provide the possibility of independent switching on and emptying of each tank.

The device of one tank is allowed in the absence of fire and emergency volumes in it.

s) Clause 9.22: "Structures of valve chambers at tanks should not be rigidly connected with the design of tanks."

t) Clause 9.23: "Water towers may be designed with a tent around the tank or without a tent, depending on the mode of operation of the tower, the volume of the tank, climatic conditions and the temperature of the water in the water supply source."

x) Clause 9.24: "The shaft of a water tower may be used to place industrial premises of a water supply system that excludes the formation of dust, smoke and gas emissions."

v) Clause 9.25: "In case of rigid sealing of pipes in the bottom of the tank of a water tower, compensators should be provided on the risers of the pipelines."

Fire Technologies LLC welcomes you and offers the design of a fire water pipeline by experienced specialists who have perfectly mastered the modern requirements regarding the functioning of special-purpose engineering networks and safety standards.

Professional design of a fire water pipeline for a residential or industrial facility is a guarantee of timely elimination of the fire hazard.

Types of water pipes for fire extinguishing systems

When creating communications equipped for extinguishing fires, different technologies are used:

• water is constantly in the pipes (wet);
• the liquid enters only with an immediate threat of fire (dry).

According to the type of functioning, pipelines are divided into two broad categories:

• Manual. It is usually mounted by connecting pipelines equipped with fire shields to the household network. The coverage area of ​​each shield does not exceed the length of the hose and is, as a rule, 20 m2.
• Auto. Autonomous network covering the entire building and equipped with sprinklers, each of which is designed for an area of ​​\u200b\u200bnot more than 12 m2. Irrigation starts immediately after the alarm is received.

The key to the effective functioning of a fire-fighting water supply system of any type is the accurate operation of internal and external networks and the serviceability of the special equipment installed on them, which can only be ensured by competent design of a fire-fighting water supply system by professionals.

Fire water pipeline design - stages

Specialists must determine the number of fire extinguishing points, based on the purpose of the building. The network wiring diagram is drawn up taking into account the type of operation of the pipeline. For the installation of fire hydrants, ventilated cabinets are designed, for the placement of which there are strict rules. After drawing up the project, Fire Technologies LLC takes on the task of agreeing it with the control authorities as soon as possible.

Where the design of a fire water pipeline is not required

A fire-fighting water supply system is a specialized structure, which consists of wide pipes in which the network pressure is increased, which makes it possible to quickly connect fire extinguishing equipment, regardless of the height of the building. The main task of the fire water supply is considered to be the supply of water in the event of any fire.

Projects of fire water supply systems are made by specialized companies in which technologists develop projects taking into account the norms of the law and the wishes of the customer.
After the engineer inspects the object, he agrees on the tasks that are set for the fire water pipeline, and only then proceeds to the development of the initial document, which is ultimately agreed with the client. The design work is to create a thorough plan that will indicate: the location of the water supply, the specification of the equipment and the work schedule for the installation.
The standard project consists of the outer and inner parts of communications. Outside, in specially designed cabinets, water intake columns are installed, to which fire hoses are connected directly from the outside. The internal part consists of a large number of nodes and wiring, but this depends on the height and plan of the object.

The high quality of technical components is not always enough to completely eliminate the risk of fire.

Already from the planning stage, the installation of an internal fire water pipeline is highly dependent on the human factor as well.

During the development of the project, it is necessary not only to strictly comply with all technical requirements, but also to ensure that the resulting structure can be further modernized and expanded. Otherwise, the replacement or reconstruction of those complexes that are outdated may require too much extra money. In order for the installation to be carried out with high quality, you should contact only specialists from good companies who know their business - this will almost completely eliminate critical situations.

The installation of a fire-fighting internal water supply, like any work of this kind, begins with the design (which also includes the coordination of the entire project with the customer), during which it is important to avoid serious mistakes.

In this case, the composition of the working draft includes:

• An explanatory note indicating the type and description of the fire equipment used;
• Structural schematic diagram, axonometry;
• Hydraulic calculation for the system at the water supply;
• Floor plans, which indicate the arrangement of fire cabinets, equipment;
• Plan for the entire pumping station;
• Specification of materials, equipment;
• Electrical part.

After the design is completed, the installation itself is carried out directly, which can also be divided into stages. Experienced specialists who have been working in this field for a long time will easily guide you in the choice of equipment for VPPV, suppliers, materials.

Produced:

• Delivery, purchase of the necessary consumables and equipment;
• Installation of pipelines (fixing to the ceiling with a wall, welding);
• If necessary, according to design decisions, then remote start buttons, booster pumps are installed, connection to an automatic fire protection system is made;
• Then the pipeline is painted, fully equipped fire cabinets are installed. They are usually sealed, numbered later by the customer himself.

After the installation process is completed, the customer is introduced to the features of the entire resulting system and the final project is handed over to him. Everything, the work is finished.

In the future, after installation, the water supply system will need periodic preventive checks, which can also be carried out by specialists from trusted companies without any problems, guaranteeing the quality of work at affordable prices.

Often, the water supply of the quenching tower is installed in utility or industrial buildings.
The installation is carried out by a team of specially trained craftsmen who have all the necessary materials and tools. Because it saves time and money for the customer.
Features during installation are considered that:
- the priority when connecting the ERW is the water of the household water supply to which they are connected using special valves;
- if the height of buildings exceeds 16 meters, the control must certainly be automatic;
- if the pressure in the system is low, there is a need for additional installation of booster pumps;
- in high buildings, ERW must be placed in fire-resistant channels.
The installation is considered complete only after checking the water supply for water pressure and water loss.

Examination VPV is a mandatory procedure and is carried out regularly every six months - in spring and autumn. This is a guarantee of equipment durability. The verification work should be carried out by real and specially trained specialists who will carefully check the equipment and main components, and if a problem is found, they will eliminate it with ease.

Maintenance steps:
- visual examination;
- coating and sealing of all connections;
- check all components for faults.
After the inspection is completed, a document is issued indicating the time, date, stages of work for further presentation to the fire safety inspection, if required.
So, the fire water supply system is designed and installed. You need to prepare some documents and everything is ready for use.

Regulations for the maintenance of water sprinkler fire extinguishing systems and fire water supply

№ p/n	List of works	Service interval
	External inspection of the components of the system (technological part - pipelines, PC cabinets, sprinklers, check valves, dosing devices, valves, pressure gauges, pneumatic tank, pumps, etc.; electrical part - electrical control cabinets, electric motors, etc.), for damage, corrosion, dirt, leaks; strength of fasteners, the presence of seals, etc.	monthly
	Control of pressure, water level, operating position of valves, etc.	monthly
	Control of the main and backup power supplies and checking the automatic switching of power from the working input to the reserve and vice versa	monthly
	Checking the performance of the components of the system (technological part, electrical part and signaling part)	monthly
	System performance check in manual (local, remote) and automatic modes	monthly

Assignment for the design of an internal fire water pipeline is mandatory for the following items:

• Residential high-rise buildings with more than 12 floors;
• Dormitories, regardless of the number of storeys;
• Buildings and structures for public purposes;
• Administrative buildings with more than 6 floors;
• Administrative and amenity buildings, regardless of the number of storeys, having an area of ​​​​more than 5000 m 2;
• Production facilities and storage facilities of any type;
• Buildings for cultural and entertainment purposes;

When in residential high-rise buildings, it should be remembered that the combination of ERW with domestic water supply can be carried out within the 12-15th floor, if the number of storeys is more than 16, these water pipes are necessarily separated.

Fire hydrant with sleeve and fitting

ERW design features

At designing an internal fire water pipeline developers use the following main regulatory documents: SNiP 2.04.01-85 and SP 30.13330.2012.

In medium and low-rise buildings and industrial facilities, where the installation of utility and drinking or industrial water supply systems is provided, the ERW is integrated into an already installed system. Fire hydrants are installed in places of maximum access: landings, lobbies, corridors, near internal entrances.

The taps are placed in special metal cabinets that can be mounted both in the thickness of the wall and on it. Installation height 1.3 m from floor level. No more than two taps can be connected to one water supply riser at the same time. Accommodation is allowed both on the same floor and on different floors.

Axonometric diagram of the installation of fire hydrants along the risers

The fire hydrant kit should include a hose with a length of 10 to 20 m and a special nozzle - a hose. For low-rise residential construction, in buildings where the ERW is combined with a household water supply network, it is allowed to use PVC plastic as a material for supply pipes. All buildings for other purposes must be equipped with a metal pipeline and a pipe leading to the PC, respectively.

If the number of storeys is more than 6, regardless of the type and purpose of the building, fire risers must be looped in order to normalize the pressure of the water supply. However, if the number of PCs for the entire building does not exceed 12, then the use of a dead-end installation scheme is allowed. It is also allowed to replace the ring water supply system with looped inputs.

If the input cannot provide the maximum pumping of water in accordance with the snips, then when designing an internal fire water pipeline it is necessary to provide for the presence of a bypass line equipped with a blocker valve with remote electromagnetic control.

Pumping station for fire-fighting water supply

Additional pumping stations that provide the necessary pressure are located in the technical rooms of the building: boiler rooms or boiler rooms.

The main rule that should be strictly adhered to when developing and designing an internal fire water pipeline- jets of water issued by fire hydrants must reach any point of the structure. To do this, it is necessary to correctly position the racks and calculate the branches for installing the PC. Fire hydrants are installed exclusively in heated rooms. If this is technically impossible, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of insulation.

It should be noted that the internal fire water supply is not the main fire extinguishing system, but only an auxiliary one. It is designed to contain the spread of fire from the source of ignition and ensure the quick and safe evacuation of personnel or residents from the risk area.

The main difficulties and mistakes when designing on your own (with your own hands)				Solutions LLC "Region"
	Lack of an agreed draft Sanitary Protection Zone (SPZ)				We will analyze the current situation, prepare the Terms of Reference for the SPZ project. If necessary, we will execute the draft SPZ and agree on it.
	Lack of metering devices and objective (calculated) data on the required performance.				We will collect all the necessary data, carry out calculations and provide it to the customer for consideration. If necessary, we will carry out temporary installation of metering devices.
	Lack of title documents for the land.				We will assist in the preparation of documentation, if necessary, we will include it in the design specification.
	Inaccuracies in the preparation of the Terms of Reference: all necessary surveys were not taken into account, the above documents were not taken into account.				We will analyze the current situation and prepare the correct terms of reference.
	The justification of the price was not performed correctly, based on commercial proposals of non-specialized organizations, without taking into account the fulfillment of the requirements of technical conditions, the need to survey buildings and structures, etc.				We will prepare an estimate for design and survey work and a survey, according to base price reference books.
	Inspection, research, design - performed by different companies - this becomes the reason for the extension of time and the appearance of additional work.				We have significant experience and qualifications to organize a full range of design and survey work. The Region company has SRO approvals for both design and survey work. We are guaranteed to provide a positive conclusion of the examination and support during construction and installation works.

To date, LLC "Region" has more than 150 successfully completed survey and design works. Our customers are the largest organizations in Russia.Numerous official reviews of organizations confirm our professionalism and responsibility in working with customers.

BIM DESIGN
	We have experience in applying BIM design technologies and are ready to develop a BIM project, taking into account the requirements of the customer and the terms of reference. Technological BIM design is a special art that requires a lot of experience and high qualifications, which Region LLC collected bit by bit.

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT COST

To determine the base (initial) cost of design and estimate documentation and survey work, Region LLC uses a time-tested method: drawing up estimates for design and survey according to base price reference books. The estimated cost of design and survey work is a reasonable initial cost of work, which is specified in the process of clarifying the scope of work and negotiations. The estimate for design and survey work compiled according to the base price reference books can serve as a justification for the price during the competitive procedure in accordance with Federal Law No. 44 and No. 223.

	Assistance in processing applications for participation in the Federal Target Programs (FTP).			We make all technical and technological decisions on the basis of alternative design and comparison of all technical and economic parameters, including operational ones.
	Assistance in processing applications for receiving funds from regional budgets (feasibility study, Justifications).			Development of a feasibility study (feasibility study) of the project at the initial stages of the implementation of the investment plan.
	Advice on lending in European banks and attracting grants.
	Assistance in the development of investment programs.			Consulting in the field of design, design stages, design stages, approvals, necessary initial permits, etc.
	Assistance in attracting credit funds for the implementation of energy service contracts (energy efficiency), and environmental projects.
Region LLC is part of a number of large design and construction holdings and is ready to implement turnkey facilities throughout Russia.

STARTING TO COOPERATE WITH US YOU SAVE
30%	Costs for construction and installation works. Based on alternative design and modern technologies, we select the optimal solution. 3D modeling technologies help to avoid wastage of materials and minimize the possibility of error.
25%	At the same time, you get a high-quality project that allows you to realize your plan on time. Thanks to an integrated approach, everything is in one hand (collection of initial data, surveys and measurements, surveys) and the experience of our specialists, we can optimize costs and offer you a competitive price.
20%	Time during construction and installation works. The decisions made by our engineers and architects are not only reliable and aesthetic, but also thought out in terms of convenience and speed of implementation (flexible solutions in terms of work execution).

As part of the design contract, we always prescribe warranty obligations
and liability for missed deadlines.

Specialists of OOO "Region" are ready to assist at all stages of decision-making, both at the stage of considering the concept of the project, and when considering options for the reconstruction of existing buildings and structures. At the design preparation stage, prepare technical specifications for the design and the necessary surveys.
And also prepare estimates for design and surveys according to the collections of basic prices (justification of the price for the tender).

HOW WE DESIGN
Customer idea Preparation of pre-design solutions and variable design Development of a feasibility study (feasibility study) Protection of the main decisions in front of the customer, selection of the best option Preparation of detailed terms of reference for: project development, engineering surveys, inspection Development of working documentation Approvals Author's supervision Realized customer's vision

LICENSES AND CERTIFICATES LLC "REGION"
Region LLC is a member of the voluntary quality certification in accordance with GOST R ISO 9001-2015. Registration number SMK.RTS.RU.03121.17

WE WORK ON LICENSED SOFTWARE
We design on nanoCAD, a Russian universal CAD platform that contains all the necessary tools for basic design and drawing production.		Our PCs are equipped with Windows 10, the operating system for personal computers developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family. After Windows 8, the system received the number 10, bypassing 9.		We work on Microsoft Office 2010 - a software package focused on the requirements of modern business and the needs of its employees.
The use of licensed software guarantees information security, the legality of the work and reduces the risk of closing the company due to inspections by regulatory authorities.

Internal fire water supply (IRW) is a complex system of pipelines and auxiliary elements installed to supply water to fire dampers, primary fire extinguishing devices, dry pipe fire locks and stationary fire monitors. ERW provides fire safety inside public buildings. In accordance with regulatory requirements, the ERW must either be installed mandatory or not installed at all. The structure of the project documentation of the VPV The design documentation of the ERW includes the following sections: Explanatory note with a list of the equipment used, its characteristics, and a description of the mechanism of operation of the ERW system. Plans for each floor of the facility, showing the placement of equipment, fire cabinets and piping network layout. Hydraulic calculation of the ERW system, which determines the water flow and pressure at the outlet of fire hydrants. Axonometric piping layout. Plan of the pumping station. Electrical diagram for connecting devices. Specification of equipment and materials. Also, the design documentation of the ERW includes methods for checking and testing the ERW during service maintenance, technical regulations, and the calculation of the number of maintenance personnel. Design stages Fire-fighting internal plumbing can be of two types: a multifunctional system connected to the household water supply and designed to meet household needs and extinguish a fire if necessary; an independent complex of pipelines and technical means, which is mounted over the entire area of ​​the building and works automatically. In order for ERW equipment to work effectively, it is necessary to pay special attention to the central stages in the design: Determining the number of jets produced and the water flow in them. This takes into account the fact that at least two jets from adjacent risers should fall on each point of the room. Therefore, after calculating the number of jets, the number of fire risers and their locations are determined. Designing the layout of pipeline networks. In buildings with five or more floors, equipped with fire-fighting plumbing, two-way water supply must be provided. Therefore, risers and taps with water intake risers are looped. Autonomous ERW systems, if appropriate, are connected in an emergency by jumpers to other water pipes. The development of an ERW project, drawing up drawings and calculations is a laborious process with many nuances and complexities, which only a professional designer can do. Requirements for the design of ERW The internal fire water supply should provide automatic operation of the pumps when the fire cock is opened and manual control of the control room or pumping station, as well as from manual fire detectors mounted inside fire cabinets. The method of supplying water to the water supply system, the number of inputs to the building, the water consumption and the number of fire hydrants are established taking into account the architectural and planning features of the facility. In the ERW, combined with the utility and drinking system, pipes, fittings, materials and coatings must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, and the water quality must meet hygienic standards. Water consumption and the number of fire hydrants simultaneously used in extinguishing a fire depend on the type and purpose of the building, the number of storeys, the fire hazard category, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive hazard. Electrical parts and pipelines of the VPV must be grounded in accordance with GOST 21130 and PUE. If technological installations with a voltage of more than 0.38 kW are located in the coverage area of ​​fire cabinets, then manual fire nozzles are also grounded. The list of legislative requirements for the design of ERW is regulated by the Joint Venture “Fire protection systems. VPV". Related materials: Choosing an outdoor fire-fighting water supply Water intake for fire extinguishing Internal fire water supply Design of an internal fire water pipeline Tactical and technical characteristics of special fire trucks Glass crafts at home DIY glass crafts Do-it-yourself harpoons and spearguns Do-it-yourself pencil stand from improvised materials tweet Live Journal Facebook Twitter Subscribe to mywok.ru weekly newsletter Subscribe Site Map Plumbing Water supply Sewerage Pipes Bathroom Shower cabins Toilet bowls