Purpose, device and principle of operation of manual fire nozzles and a fire column. Short spur RTP Hand fire nozzles their technical characteristics

Manual and fire monitors (SP) - removable parts with a nozzle, nozzles, casings, fasteners, controls at the ends of fire pressure (working) lines and hoses.

Norms:

1. GOSTs:

Purpose of trunks

SP is the end of the pressure line with the following functions:

1. creation of the required jet format;
2. giving direction to the fire extinguishing agent (OTV);
3. convenient fixation in hands, on technical means;
4. supply and flow control.

Fire hoses are equipped with:

1. fire trucks, pump-sleeve vehicles, tank trucks;
2. fixed and mobile fire extinguishing installations;
3. sleeves on PC, risers, ;
4. special automatic/autonomous extinguishing systems.

Types of fire extinguishing trunks

There is a variety of fire extinguishing equipment. Several types of hoses have been developed for different specifications:

Separation factor
	high pressure barrels (2 - 3 MPa, SRVDK-2-400-60); normal (0.4 - 06, up to 2 MPa), with a diameter (DN): 19, 25, 38, 50, 70 mm.
Serve breaks	with the possibility of closing / opening on the body itself; non-overlapping.
Functions and type of OTV	jet forming water: compact solid; sprayed; curtains (torches, protective); foam (low, medium, high expansion); range of possibilities, jet: only solid universal - compact, atomized outlet, curtains, combinations; combined - under the foam and water.
Application area	fire trucks, pumps, motor pumps; indoor, outdoor PC.
Climatic performance	By for different zones.

Device:

1. body with nozzle:
   • aluminum;
   • cast iron (less often);
   • plastic;
   • steel elements (typical for fire monitors);
2. end for binding or sleeve (GR) from Al, brass, plastic:
   • coupling;
   • tsapkovy;
   • transitional;
   • plug;
   • suction;
3. inside:
   • sedative;
   • tangential channels leading to the nozzle;
4. decor:
   • shoulder strap;
   • braid;
   • lever;
5. a node with a lever and a plug valve, if there is an opening / closing function;
6. for combined and foam - casing, foam generator;
7. monitors:
   • removable carriage, tripod;
   • pressure pipe;
   • receiving body with a hinged valve for connecting hoses without stopping work;
   • locking device on the swivel;
   • for control: swivel tee, long T-handle, lever, holders;
   • inside 4-blade damper.

Hand barrels

Standard models of hand barrels:

1. RS-50, RS-50P, RS-70 - for a continuous jet, replaceable;
2. RS-50.01, RS-70.01 - non-replaceable;
3. RSP-50, RSP-70, RSK-50 - overlapped. They allow you to create a release in the form of a torch, use foam nozzles;
4. RSKZ-70 - multifunctional, simulating the intensity of supply, work with any substances, for p / n water supply;
5. SVPE, SVPR - foam;
6. improved modern trunks Protek, SelectFlow, ProJet.

Fire monitors

Fire monitors - long adjustable, fixed on surfaces or equipment fire hoses (LSD-S-40U, PPS-20P) with a complicated design with rotation. Example: a model with a two-horn fork near the gun carriage.

Varieties:

1. portable (P);
2. remote (D) - machines must have a remote control system;
3. stationary (C) - mounted on vehicles, on towers. Connect to or fire engine pumps;
4. transportable (B) with a large angle of rotation, mounted on a trailer.

Fire extinguishing barrels A and B: what is it

Manual joint ventures are divided by the ability to serve intermittently. On the territory of the CIS they are designated by letters:

Classification of trunks by type of OTV

Pumps are designed for water or foam, less often - for powder, gas. Some samples work with two types of extinguishing agent at the same time, using special nozzles.

Water

Fire nozzles under water do not have special nozzles for creating foam and calibrating it (generators). They form jets of different parameters - sprayed, solid, curtains.

Foam

Air-foam hoses (SVPE, SVP) create VMP of high, medium, low expansion:

1. A special chemical substance comes from a knapsack tank just before release.
2. Air and composition are ejected (sucked in) by a system of holes in the nozzle - bubbles are created, which are calibrated by meshes.

Nozzle features:

1. ejector casing;
2. 3 cameras:
   • reception;
   • vacuum with a nipple (16 mm) for a foam concentrate suction hose;
   • day off.

Principle of operation:

1. The foaming agent enters the receiving part.
2. A vacuum is created in the vacuum segment, sucking air through 8 holes in the casing.
3. The air is mixed with the substance, forming a VMP at the outlet.

Foam formation mechanism:

1. The mixture is fed into the atomizer by a sleeve.
2. Separate drops are formed.
3. The conglomerate moves to the calibration grid, sucking in and mixing with air.
4. Bubbles appear.
5. The mass from the nozzle is pushed out by the energy of new drops.

In SVPs, packages of calibration grids are important - they need to be regularly inspected and cleaned, as the cells become clogged.

Universal

Multifunctional fire extinguishing trunks (RSK-50, RSP-50.70, RSKZ-70) for water allow the valve handle to control the release, creating a continuous flow, spraying, protective curtains (by 120 °). In addition to the lever, various removable nozzles affect the process.

Work example:

1. The liquid enters the tangential channels.
2. Further - in the central nozzle.
3. It comes out in a swirling stream.
4. OTV is sprayed under centrifugal force, creating a torch-shaped canopy with a certain opening angle (standard 60°).

Combined

Combined hoses (ORT-50) are multifunctional, they work with both foam and water. As a rule, they have a vertical handle-holder. Combined type barrels are equipped with a variety of removable couplings, casings, generators, according to the desired output parameter. They allow you to create all types of jets, VMP multiplicity.

TTX of fire extinguishing trunks

When evaluating a product, analyze:

1. consumption;
2. range (simple and effective);
3. irrigation intensity;
4. angle, diameter of the torch;
5. foam ratio;
6. parameters of the device itself (weight, length, diameter).

Standard models are presented in the table:

barrel type	Water consumption, l/s	Jet range (compact), m	Spray diameter, mm	Barrel length, mm	Weight, kg

Extinguishing depth

The quenching depth is the maximum distance of the fire extinguishing agent supply from the nozzle while maintaining efficiency. An important parameter for water trunks. Only about a third of the length of the compact release is effective.

Depth of processing (h) - the main value in calculating the area of ​​quenching. When firefighting with hand-operated hoses ht = 5 m, fire-fighting - 10 m.

Water consumption

The number of joint ventures on fire and personnel depends on the consumption of OTV. The value affects the calculation of the capabilities of pumping hose equipment - the amount of water spent through a certain section of the nozzle depends on the pressure drop.

Calculations are important to determine the performance at different practically significant pressure (0.3 - 0.9 MPa). This is important when replacing devices: for example, at 0.4 MPa, the RS-50 produces 3.6 l / s, KURS-8 - up to 8 l / s. The TD has tables of standard values ​​​​at a certain pressure.

Barrel head, m	Water consumption, l / s, from the barrel with nozzle diameter, mm

Extinguishing area

It is often impossible to apply OTV immediately to the entire hearth, then they extinguish the front, where they get it. The flame is localized in decisive directions - then they move on to other foci.

The extinguishing area is called the effective jet coverage area: circular, triangular, rectangular. The parameter is important for tactics and directly depends on the fire extinguishing range. Since the extinguishing depth is equal to 5 and 10 m for manual and fire monitors, the coverage area for them, introduced towards, will be 10 and 20 m.

Types of nozzles for barrels

Nozzles with different tip spray diameters increase functionality. Options:

1. for feeding intermittently and non-overlapping;
2. foam, water;
3. powder;
4. cylindrical, conical;
5. turbine, slotted;
6. for fire monitors, handicrafts.

Typically, nozzles are used for foam models of barrels, since a special design is required for the required consistency of OTV. The casing has holes, swirlers, different degrees of narrowing.

Calculation of the number of trunks for extinguishing a fire

The number of technical devices for supplying OTV is calculated by special formulas. Before applying the final equation, the extinguishing parameters are known:

1. square;
2. perimeter;
3. front;
4. flow rate, performance factor (nozzle conductivity).

Finally, the results are substituted into the final equation:

	Values
For water hoses: Nst t = St / Sst t; Nstv t \u003d Rt / Fstv t; Nstv t \u003d Qtr / qst.	Stv t and St - the area of ​​​​extinguishing and the fire itself (m²); Рт – perimeter, m; Fstv t - front for stv., m; Qtr - required flow rate; qst - productivity of st.
Foam generators (surface extinguishing): Ngps = St / Sgps t; St gps = qgps / If.	Sgps t is the area of ​​extinguishing by the device, m²; Qgps - costs of the foaming agent, l/sec.; if - intensity, l / sec-m².
Multiple foam generators (bulk): Ngps = (Wp * kz) / qgps p * tr	Ngps = (Wp * kz) / qgps p * tr; Wn - m cube of the room; qgps p - productivity, m³/min.; Kz - safety factor (1.5 - 3); tr is the estimated time (10 min.).

Rules for working with trunks

Personnel must be instructed. When working with a fire hose, you must follow the basic rules:

1. position - at the level or above the focus;
2. hold it correctly: with the right hand near the connecting head, with the left - by the braid, at 0.6 MPa and more, a grenade launcher is required;
3. follow the grounding;
4. apply to visible structures, and not according to smoke;
5. apply to where the largest flame is, but also maneuver, limiting the spread of fire;
6. do not leave fire on the way;
7. lay the sleeve in areas that are safe for it;
8. extinguish vertical objects from top to bottom, but in rooms, ventilation ducts direct fire extinguishers first of all to the ceiling or from the side of the greatest extent of voids;
9. extinguish first what could collapse, taking a position, if possible, in the openings;
10. cracking structures, cool gas cylinders gradually;
11. extinguish glass with a spray jet;
12. neighboring objects to process first from above;
13. it is necessary to lower or block the hose when changing;
14. the strongest cooling is created where the foam will be supplied;
15. avoid icing of traffic routes, fire equipment;
16. when extinguishing foam liquid substances:
    • apply to the hearth only when a good consistency is reached and so that the OTV does not burrow into the thickness of the substance;
    • at one point so that the foam spreads, gradually covering the hearth;
17. continuous release near open power lines is prohibited;
18. Work at height is carried out according to the following standards:
    • the shoulder belt is not put on when lifting and extinguishing on high-rise, objects with an unsecured line, until reaching the position;
    • 2 people work with insurance;
    • work on the fire escape - only after fixing the belt carabiner;
19. the extinguishing composition is fed gradually, gradually increasing the pressure.
20. it is forbidden to leave the fire nozzle unattended at the place of the fire, even if it is blocked.

Technical regulation requirements

According to Art. 129 is the minimum that a fire nozzle must provide:

1. flow continuous or sprayed;
2. uniformity of the FTV along the cone;
3. smooth transition from compact to spray;
4. flow rate adjustment without interruption of supply;
5. reliability, tightness of the case under working loads;
6. fixing devices with carriages vertically;
7. control at the same time manual and at a distance of fire monitors by electric, hydraulic drive;
8. foam generators must provide all types of expansion.

How barrels are tested

Barrels are tested once a year:

1. inspection;
2. tightness, strength - 2 min. at operating pressure with leakage measurement;
3. checking the progress of the nodes with a dynamometer;
4. interchangeability of parts, interchangeability of heads;
5. integrity, dispersion, angle, diameter of the torch, protective curtain (visually);
6. consumption, jet length;
7. thread, reliability.

When testing, measuring containers, baffle shields, stopwatches, special flow meters, and measuring instruments are used.

Designations of fire extinguishing trunks on the diagrams

The need for the designation of trunks arises when creating diagrams (drawings) of fire extinguishing tactics. A schematic drawing is used:

	Designation
Manual, with nozzle 19, 25 mm.
With fine spray release.
OTV with additives.
Foam multiplicity: low; average.
For electrical installations.
Monitored: wearable; installed with fixation; managed.

For fire hoses, common PB signs for inventory are used. The device is always available with fire hydrants, which are denoted by PC, sign F02 (sleeve and valve), less often the image of the "snail" of the sleeve with the joint venture is used.

The speed and effectiveness of fire suppression in emergency situations depends on the configuration of the equipment used by fire brigades. One of the most indispensable devices for the formation of a directed flow are fire nozzles. Let's look at the main categories of such devices, understand their purpose and features of operation.

Purpose of fire hoses

The equipment of this category is used for assembly. With the help of barrels, the supply of flame-suppressing substances to the place of ignition is ensured. Thanks to their use, it becomes possible to form a jet, form water curtains, create mechanical and airy foam of medium or low expansion.

The area that can be covered with is largely determined by the type of trunks used. The introduction of innovative solutions in the development of modern devices has made it possible to significantly increase the range of the "strike" of the jet and reduce the potential danger to emergency workers.

Fire monitors

Assume installation on fire transport, as well as on stationary towers used for these purposes. They differ according to the landing height, the presence or absence of pressure regulators, the possibility of completing with additional nozzles.

Combined stationary fire nozzles are able to form a protective layer, which consists of sprayed liquid particles. Since the transformation of such a flow occurs at an angle, the employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is protected from high temperatures.

According to building codes and rules for the operation of structures, near buildings that are located in areas of increased fire hazard, stationary fire monitors installed on special towers must be located.

Hand barrels

Widely used for fire extinguishing in manual mode. Hand fire barrels have a relatively shallow extinguishing depth. This indicator is only 5 m. This feature significantly limits their use in certain conditions.

Almost all manual fire barrels can be equipped with special nozzles, which open up the possibility of working with individual flame-suppressing compounds.

The operation of such equipment is limited by the design features of certain structures. Therefore, their use is difficult when extinguishing strong fires at large facilities.

Marking of hand barrels

The purpose of manual fire nozzles is indicated using special symbols. Currently, equipment with the following markings is especially in demand:

1. RS 70, RS 50, RS 50P - a category of removable shafts, the operation of which opens up the possibility for a quick lengthening of hose lines. The main purpose is the formation, maintenance and change of direction of a continuous jet of extinguishing agent.
2. RS 70.01 and RS 50.01 are non-removable fire nozzles that are used to create a continuous flow of liquid without the possibility of adjusting the pressure level.
3. RSP 50, RSK 50, RSP 70 are portable devices that provide additional protection to employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations from exposure to elevated temperatures due to the liquid supply at an angle. The kit contains foam-converting nozzles.
4. RSKZ 70 is a highly efficient multi-purpose device that is connected to a stationary one. During operation, it is possible to adjust the intensity and direction of the extinguishing agent supply based on fire conditions. Barrels of this category are suitable for working with any special substances.

Fire monitor marking

The fire monitor also contains a marking, according to which you can quickly obtain additional information regarding the specification of the device:

1. "P" - a universal mobile fire monitor. Such systems are suitable for completing mobile pumping units.
2. "D" - marking indicates the possibility of remote control. The principle of operation is based on adjusting the pressure of the working fluid in automatic mode. Due to the specific design features of the remote shafts, it becomes possible to direct the jet to the fire source with high precision. At the same time, the factor of threat to the safety of employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is completely excluded. The flow rates of firefighters' barrels of this type are also automatically adjusted.
3. "C" - stationary version of fire monitors. It is applied to a complete set of internal fire extinguishing cranes. Mounting on special towers and motorized vehicles is allowed.
4. "B" - trunks mounted on trailers. The presence of rotational mechanisms opens the possibility to achieve a wide angle of action.

Fire nozzles - technical specifications

The characteristics of individual trunks for suppressing fires are always indicated in One of the main parameters here is the working pressure - the maximum indicator for which the device is designed. In other words, the characteristic indicates the fluid pressure that must be present at the outlet of the fire hose just before the barrel. An underestimation of the permissible indicator is necessarily reflected in a decrease in the efficiency and speed of suppression of ignition sources. Exceeding the norm can cause critical damage to the trunk. The characteristic is indicated in kgf / cm 2 or in atmospheres.

The next determining parameter is the maximum amount of working fluid that can flow from the outlet per unit of time at the optimum pressure in the system. The characteristic is taken into account primarily for the purpose of economical water consumption. The parameter is also taken into account based on the performance of the pump or pump.

The distance of the spray jet indicates the maximum liquid delivery distance for which the existing fire hose is designed. Measured by the last drops while maintaining a typical spray angle and normal system pressure.

Considering the parameters that fire hoses have, the technical characteristics that are indicated in the technical documentation, it is worth paying attention to the types of connecting heads available for use. It is extremely important to choose the right accessory according to the nature of the barrel and the type of sleeve used.

What nozzles are used to complete the trunks?

Nozzle - a device, the installation of which expands the functionality of the fire barrel and thus creates the necessary conditions for the rapid suppression of the main sources of ignition.

Modern fire nozzles can be equipped with the following nozzles:

• water;
• foamy;
• air;
• water foam;
• powder;
• with variable flow;
• non-overlapping;
• with a splash.

Features of laying water-pressure communications when extinguishing a fire

To quickly suppress fires, it is extremely important to quickly bring the equipment into a "combat" state. To do this, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are guided by standardized schemes for assembling elements of water-pressure communications.

To begin with, a pump is being prepared, which is responsible for supplying the working fluid from the reservoir. Next, a suction hose is attached, which contains an anti-clogging equipment. From the pump to the place of extinguishing the fire, a hose line is diverted, the end of which is equipped with a branching. Additional hoses are mounted, where fire nozzles are connected. At the end, the pump is activated, pressure is smoothly applied to the line, valves open, after which water flows under pressure to the source of ignition.

Marking of manual fire nozzles: R - manual, WITH - trunk, P - overlapping, TO – combined, Z - with protective curtain 50(70) – conditional pass Dу50(Dу70).

Safety precautions when working with trunks:

Trunks must be serviceable and sealed. The tightness of the trunks must be ensured when tested with a hydraulic pressure 1.5 times higher than the working one, and the tightness of the joints - at the working pressure. The appearance of water in the form of drops is not allowed.

It is forbidden to put on the strap of a fire nozzle attached to the hose line when climbing to a height and when working at a height, to supply water to loose hose lines and before the hosemen return to their original positions.

Water should be supplied to the hose lines gradually, gradually increasing the pressure.

Work on a fire escape with a barrel is allowed only after fixing the belt

carabiner per step.

Working with a trunk on roofs with steep slopes is mandatory with securing insurance

with ropes for structures.

Work with the trunk at heights should be carried out by a calculation of at least two people.

It is forbidden to leave the fire nozzle unattended even after the supply has been stopped.

Fire monitors: purpose, device, characteristics. Safety precautions when working with trunks.

Fire monitors designed to produce powerful water or foam jets when extinguishing large fires in case of insufficient efficiency of manual fire nozzles.

Fire monitors are subdivided into stationary(WITH) - mounted on a fire truck, tower or industrial equipment (for example - LS-S20U, -S40U, etc.), carried(IN)- on a trailer and portable (P) -(for example, SLK-P20, LS-P20U, LSD-20U, etc.)

In addition, stems can be universal(U)- forming continuous and sprayed water jets with a variable angle of the torch, as well as a VMP jet, blocking, having a variable flow rate;

Without index (Y), forming a continuous water jet and a VMF jet. Index

appears after the figures indicating the water consumption.

Depending on the type of control, the trunks can be remote (D) or manual(without indexU) management. The index is given after the letters LS.

An example of a fire monitor symbol LSD-S-40U Where: LS - gun barrel, D - with remote control, WITH - stationary, 40 – water consumption (l/s), U - universal.

Fire monitor portable barrel type PLS-20P - designed to create and direct a jet of water or VMP when extinguishing fires.

It consists of a receiving body, a swivel tee, a two-arm branch, a pipe, a nozzle. The receiving body is fixed on a removable support (carriage), which consists of

toit of two symmetrically curved legs with spikes.

In the receiving body there is a check swivel valve that allows you to connect

remove and replace the hose lines to the discharge nozzle without stopping the operation of the shaft.

The swivel body is connected to a swivel tee, and it is connected to a two-arm branch. Swivel joints are sealed with ring rubber cuffs.

A four-way damper is installed inside the pipe body ( a device that eliminates the phenomenon of rotation of the flow of fuel coming from the sleeves into the barrel, which degrades the quality of the jet, i.e. dividing the flow cross section into several parts, helps to restore the axisymmetric distribution of velocities in the flow to a parallel-jet, not fragmented one).

To supply the VMP, the water nozzle on the pipe body is replaced with an air-foam one.

Specifications:

- nozzle diameter, mm 22 28 32

Nominal pressure, kg/cm² 6 6 6

- water consumption, l/s 19 23 30

- foam consumption, m³/min 12

- jet range, m:

water 61 67 68

foam 32

- mass no more 27 kg

The barrel can rotate around the vertical axis by 360º and move vertically

noah plane from 32 to 75º.

Safety precautions when working with fire monitors:

Barrels must pass an annual hydraulic pressure test of 0.8 MPa;

During operation, the barrels must be regularly serviced and inspected, especially the hinges and joints;

When working, portable trunks are installed on a flat surface;

Work with the fire monitor is carried out by two firefighters.

Air-foam barrels: purpose, device, characteristics.

Safety precautions when working with trunks.

Air-foam barrelsdesigned to obtain from an aqueous solution of foam

low multiplicity VMP (up to 20) and its supply to the fire.

Trunks fire manual SVPE and SVP have the same device, differ only in size, as well as an ejector device designed for suction

foaming agent directly at the barrel from a tank or other container.

The trunk of the SVPE consists of a body, on which a connector is fixed on one side.

a head for connecting a fire hose, and on the other - a casing in which foam

the forming solution is mixed with air and a foam jet is formed. There are three chambers in the barrel body: intake, vacuum and output. On the vacuum chamber

a nipple with a diameter of 16 mm is placed for connecting a hose through which it sucks-

sya foaming agent.

The principle of operation of the SVP barrel: the foaming solution, passing through the holes in the body, creates a vacuum in the cone chamber, due to which air is sucked through 8 holes evenly spaced in the barrel casing and intensively mixed

with a foaming solution, forming a VMP jet at the outlet.

The operation of the SVP shaft differs from the operation of the SVP shaft in that

it is not the foaming solution that becomes dull, but the water, which, passing through the central hole, creates

gives a vacuum in the vacuum chamber and foam is sucked into it through the nipple

educator.

Air-foam barrels are reliable in operation. Poor quality foam may result from a clogged center hole, foreign objects entering the chambers, or the use of software with reduced properties.

Specifications of SVP-2 (SVPE-2), SVP-4 (SVPE-4), SVP-8 (SVPE-8) shafts ) respectively: - pressure 40-60 m; solution concentration 6%; foam ratio - 8 ; performance 2,4,8 m³/min: delivery distance 15,18,20 m.

Safety requirements when working with air-foam barrels do not differ from the safety requirements when working with manual fire nozzles. When refueling a vehicle, the software of the l / s unit must be provided with goggles, waterproof

wearing gloves and protective clothing. In case of contact with the skin and eyes, the software is washed off with pure water or saline solution (2% boric acid).

Rating: 3.4

Rated: 15 people

Carrying out tests of PTV.

Fire barrel, fire columns, branches, adapters, water collectors - 1 time per year, pressure 1.5 times higher than the working one

Three-leg ladder--at an angle of 75 degrees (2.8 meters from the wall to the stair shoes)
100kg for 2min. per knee;
Rope-----200kg(no deformation)

Ladder attack - at the level of the 2nd step from the bottom 80kg for each tie, for 2min.

Ladder-stick - 75 degrees, in the middle 120kg for 2min.

Ladder - 1 time in 3 years

Rescue rope--- 1 time in 6 months 350kg for 5min. (elongation no more than 5% of the original length),
1 time in 10 days external examination. (Decade check)

Dynamic check - through the block and the lock on the carbine, a load of 150 kg is suspended and dropped from the 3rd floor.

After the test, the CB should not grow more than 30cm

Fire belts, carabiners - once a year, load 350 kg for 5 min.

Sleeve delays - 1 time per year, 200 kg for 5 minutes.

Barrel consumption

Barrel "A" or RS-70 7.4 dia 19 mm
extinguishing depth 7 meters

Barrel "B" - 3.5 l / s, diameter 13 mm
extinguishing depth 5 meters

Trunk "laf" - dia.28 - 21l / s,
extinguishing depth 12 meters

GPS-600--water consumption-5.64l/s
foam consumption-0.36l/s
extinguishing depth 5 meters:
LVZH-75 m2
GJ-120 m2

GPS-2000 - water consumption - 18.8 l / s
foam consumption-1.2 l/s

SVP 4--4 m3/min

G 600--working water flow-550l/min.

AC-40(130)63B

Pump flow--2400L/min

Tank capacity--2350 liters

Foam--165 liters

Operating time - 1st barrel "B" -11.1 min
two barrels "B" -5.5 min
one barrel "A" -5.5 min

Operating time - SVP-4 - 8.3 min

Operating time - GPS-600 - 7.6 min

SLEEVES

Diameter:
51--40liters
66--70liters
77--90liters

To get 1m3 of foam
0.6 liters PO
8.4 liters of water

Required consumption of fire extinguishing agents Q tr t \u003d F n xI tr
Q tr t- the required consumption of fire extinguishing agents
F n- fire area
I tr- the required intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents

Classification of fires (6 pieces)

1) fires of solid combustible substances and materials (A);
2) fires of combustible liquids or consumable solids and materials (B);
3) gas fires (C);
4) metal fires (D);
5) fires of combustible substances and materials of electrical installations under voltage (E);
6) fires of nuclear materials, radioactive waste and radioactive substances (F).

Briefings (5 pieces)

Introductory;
- primary in the workplace;
-repeated;
- unscheduled;
-target.

TO (5 pieces)

a) for everyday use equipment:
control inspection (before leaving the point of permanent deployment of the FPS unit, when personnel take up duty with the involvement of equipment, at stops);
daily maintenance (hereinafter referred to as STO);
maintenance of equipment in case of fire, during rescue and other urgent work (exercises);
numbered types of maintenance (hereinafter - TO-1, TO-2, etc.);
seasonal maintenance (hereinafter referred to as TS);

b) for equipment stored in storage:
monthly maintenance;
semi-annual maintenance;
annual maintenance;
regulatory work.

The operating time of the PA engine when checking the condition of domestically produced equipment during the changing of guards (duty shifts, crews) should not exceed:
for the main fire trucks of general use with a carburetor engine - 3 minutes;
for the main purpose-built fire trucks, fire trucks with a diesel engine and fire trucks equipped with a multi-circuit brake pneumatic system - 5 minutes;
for special fire trucks - 7 minutes;
for fire ladders and articulated lifts - 10 minutes;
for petrol tools and motor pumps in the calculation - 0.5 minutes.

Maintenance entries are made in the journal (immediately after it is carried out):
- the first maintenance of the car and maintenance of fire-technical equipment - at least 1 time per month;
- second maintenance - at least once a year;
- seasonal maintenance - 2 times a year;
- about checking the level and density of the electrolyte - 1 time in 10 days;
- on the condition of tires, pressure in tires and tightening of wheel nuts - 1 time in 10 days;
- on checking the performance, cleaning and adjusting the foam mixer and gas-jet vacuum apparatus - once a month.

Actual water consumption

Qf \u003d Notd x notd.st. x q
Nod - the number of people in the unit
ndiv.st - the number of trunks that can be submitted to the subdivision q - productivity of the trunks

Pressure loss in the hose line 1atm per floor
1 atm for every 100 m.

Reserve GDZS on fire 50% of the workers

Water yield of SG pipeline:
d 150 = 70 l/s annular
d 100 = 14 l/s annular
d 150 = 35 l/s dead end
d 100 = 7 l / s dead end

Hydraulic elevator:
from a depth of 20 m;
horizontally up to 100 m.

Ø portable (P).

Note:

Rescue rope, purpose, types.

The fire rescue rope is intended for arming the fire service units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, it is used to insure firefighters when extinguishing fires and related emergency rescue operations, as well as during firefighter training.

The rescue rope, in addition to carrying out rescue operations, is used to lift fire tools and hoses to a height.

Fire rescue rope of ordinary design (VPS) is designed for rescuing people, self-rescue and insurance of firefighters when extinguishing fires and related emergency rescue operations, as well as during training of firefighters.

The rescue rope is checked by external inspection by squad commanders at least once every 10 days, and by the chiefs of guards before each use in the classroom and after each use in a fire. To check, three people are pulled up and hung for 1-2 seconds on an unwound and fixed to the full length (it is possible through a block) rescue rope. The rescue rope is tested for strength once every 6 months.

Manual fire escapes, purpose, types

Manual fire escapes are designed for lifting to the upper floors of buildings during rescue operations. Manual ladders are manually operated by firefighters without the use of mechanical energy sources.

There are three types of manual fire escapes: a stick ladder, an attack ladder, and a retractable three-legged ladder.

Technical characteristics of the stick ladder

Storm ladder (LSH) is designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings, as well as to work on steep slopes of roofs when opening the roof, equipped with a small hook for hanging it from the window sill and protruding from the building

Technical characteristics of the ladder-storming

The L-60 retractable three-legged ladder is designed to lift firefighters through a window on the third floor or onto the roof of a two-story building to rescue people, or to lift fire fighting equipment.

Technical characteristics of the retractable ladder L-60

Fire pump stations

Fire pumping stations (PNS) are designed to supply water through the main hose lines:

to mobile fire monitors;

to fire trucks;

to the site of a major fire to create a reserve supply of water

Gas extinguishing vehicles

Gas extinguishing vehicles (AGT) are designed to extinguish fires in closed volumes of objects with significant material values. These include museums, archives, banks, warehouses. In addition, they can be used to extinguish fires in accumulators, electrical installations, cable tunnels, etc.

Fire barrels. Classification and purpose.

Fire nozzles are designed to produce continuous or sprayed water, foam and powder jets. They are divided into manual and carriage.

Manual fire nozzles are designed to form and direct a continuous or sprayed jet of water, as well as (when installing a foam nozzle) jets of low-expansion air-mechanical foam when extinguishing fires.

Depending on the functionality of the trunks are divided into:

a) forming only a continuous jet;

b) atomizers that form only a spray jet;

c) universal, forming both a continuous and sprayed jet;

d) with a protective curtain, additionally forming a water curtain to protect the receiver from thermal radiation;

e) combined, forming water and foam jets.

Fire monitors are designed to produce powerful water or foam jets when extinguishing large fires in case of insufficient efficiency of manual fire nozzles.

Fire monitors are divided into:

Ø stationary, mounted on a fire truck (C);

Ø transportable, mounted on a trailer (B);

Ø portable (P).

Classification of fire monitors according to the type of jet formed:

Ø with index Y (universal) - forming a continuous and sprayed water jet with a variable angle of the torch, as well as a jet of air-mechanical foam, overlapping, having a variable flow rate;

Ø without U index - forming a continuous jet of water and a jet of air-mechanical foam.

Note: the index is given after the figures indicating the water consumption.

Classification of fire monitors by type of control:

Ø with index D - with remote control;

without index D - manual control