Cyclone vacuum cleaner. How does it work and how to choose it? Cyclone for ventilation Cyclone technology

They allow you to remove unwanted or harmful suspensions, remove sawmill or carpentry waste, and other small particles.

Solid particles are transported by means of air flow. After delivering the material to the destination it is required to take them out of the flow and stop moving, which is provided by special devices - cyclones. They perform the tasks of accumulating material, when a certain amount is reached, it is unloaded for further processing or disposal.

In some systems, cyclones are called dust collectors. They perform similar functions, only the size of the transported material fraction is smaller, requiring a higher density. Typically, only round channels are used in such systems, since vortices are created in rectangular ones that contribute to the formation of dust accumulations.

Cyclones can serve both for the accumulation and removal of waste, and as product receivers. For example, at grain processing enterprises, elevators or similar units, cyclones are receiving containers for products. At the same time, husks and other wastes are also collected in cyclones installed on other lines. Such systems do not belong to general ventilation, being separate lines of transportation or dust removal. The combination of such systems with ventilation is not practiced, since other equipment is required and the specifics of operation do not correspond to the general ventilation technology.

There are areas where the use of cyclones is irrational. These include:

• textile industry. Small fibers, fluff particles are lightweight and scatter under any impact, which requires the use of a different collection technology
• steel production. The installations do not capture soot, they pass many small particles.

READ ALSO: Dust fans - device and application in production

The main users of cyclones are concentrated in woodworking, production of building materials, metallurgy, grain processing enterprises.

Application and principle of operation of cyclones

The use of cyclones makes it possible removal of small debris, production waste with a loose texture. The devices have a lot of advantages over other methods of transportation, the main of which is ease of installation and maintenance, the ability to use the entire volume of the workshop. Air ducts can be located anywhere, the only requirement is the absence of sharp bends that contribute to the formation of congestion.

A cyclone is a closed container in the form of a cone with the apex facing down. The upper part of the container is connected to the outlet of the conveying air duct, the lower part has an unloading hatch or a dosing hopper. The air stream carrying bulk waste or other material enters the cyclone. From a sharp expansion of the volume, the energy of the flow drops, the transported material falls to the bottom of the tank under the action of gravity. Excess pressure generated inside the cyclone is vented to the atmosphere through leaks in the top cover of the device.

As the cyclone is filled, it is unloaded through the lower hatch or hopper. At installations that fill relatively slowly, hatches are usually installed, but for rapidly overflowing cyclones, dosing bins are needed that allow you to quickly and mechanized unload the container.

To create an air flow that entrains bulk material, special dust fans are used. They are radial-type structures with a small (usually 5-6) number of blades. This is a prerequisite, otherwise debris particles will constantly get stuck between the impeller blades, which makes the operation of the fan significantly difficult or even stops. Jamming of the impeller will cause failure of the electric motor, so only specialized equipment should be used.

Bag filters

One type of cyclone is bag filters. They are used in highly dusty areas of production. The difference in the operation of bag filters and conventional cyclones lies in the specifics of the transferred material. Dust particles have a very low weight, which does not allow them to settle inside the container. Therefore, the supply of flow from the workshops is carried out in the lower part of the body, and not in the upper part, as is done in cyclones. The dusty flow enters the housing, inside which are fabric bags with an open bottom. The air, passing through them, is cleaned and discharged through the pipe at the top of the device.

Bag filters have two modes of operation used sequentially. In filtration mode, dust is extracted from the air stream, and in blowing mode, fabric filters are cleaned. Dust, accumulating, falls into the lower part of the filter and is removed from the tank in the purge mode. During purge, the channel with purified air is blocked, and air enters through its own pipe located at the top of the device.

dust emissions

Businesses that are not equipped with sufficient dust collection equipment often produce dust emissions. These are constant or periodic emissions of polluted air into the atmosphere, creating an extremely negative impact on the environment, adversely affecting the health and well-being of people and animals. Particles released into the atmosphere are picked up by wind currents and carried around the surroundings of the enterprise, getting into settlements and having a harmful effect on all living organisms. The composition of the emitted air is strictly regulated by the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN), non-compliance with which is fraught with fines and other sanctions up to the suspension of the enterprise.

Cyclone local suction

Local dust extraction systems have many advantages in front of centralized aspiration complexes. The main one is considered mobility, ease of repair or operation, relative cheapness. Cyclone suction can be used to remove dust or fine particles from equipment, machines or production line components. They are a kind of conventional suction, equipped with a special receiving container (bag) for dust or small particles. The discharged air stream gives off solid inclusions right on the spot, after which the purified air is transported through the exhaust ducts and removed from the room.

A high-quality and powerful vacuum cleaner is an indispensable assistant in everyday matters. When deciding to purchase such equipment, you need to learn everything about it and carefully weigh all the pros and cons.

In the market of cleaning equipment, cyclone vacuum cleaners occupy a leading position. They compare favorably with analogues with garbage bags and are cheaper. But in order to make the right choice, it is worth knowing all about them.

Principle of operation

Cyclone vacuum cleaners have appeared on the market relatively recently. The technology was invented by the Englishman James Dyson and began to produce innovative equipment under the brand of the same name. The first developments went on sale in the early 90s, they had a lot of features and disadvantages. But the developers upgraded the device every year until it acquired a modern look. Today, vacuum cleaners of this type are produced by almost all manufacturers of equipment.

The principle of its operation is easily explained from the point of view of physics. There are 2 flasks in the case. Air with pollution, getting into them, moves in a spiral at high speed. Swirls are artificially created in the garbage collection flask, which, due to the effect of centrifugal force, collect dust and hold it.

In the most popular models, 2 filters are installed: one traps large particles, the second - small ones. Thus, it is possible to retain up to 97% of dust.

The internal structure of vacuum cleaners from different manufacturers is different, but the principle of operation remains the same.

The cyclonic vacuum cleaner has features, advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of cyclone vacuum cleaners

Innovative units have replaced bulky cleaning equipment that did not guarantee crystal cleanliness. The consumer did not accept the high-tech novelty for a long time, but gave up, realizing that such devices have a lot of advantages:

1. Stable power. Due to the special design of the filter, the suction power does not drop as the container fills up. The unit does not have to take air through a dense layer of debris.
2. Simplicity and economy of service. In this matter, the unit is clearly ahead of its main competitors. After cleaning, you do not have to shake out the dust bags or change them. And even more so, you do not need to thoroughly wash and dry the containers after each use.
3. No roaring sound during operation. Due to the fact that the technique does not have to work on the verge of overload, such a vacuum cleaner will not roar strainedly.
4. Ease of finding valuable items. If, for example, an earring got into the vacuum cleaner during cleaning, you don’t have to fumble in a mountain of dust. After turning off the unit, it is easy to find and remove.

Competitive advantages were noted and appreciated. The market for cyclone vacuum cleaners began to expand to meet the rapidly increasing demand.

Cons of technology

In the process of getting acquainted with the new type of technology, consumers began to note some shortcomings. They did not significantly affect the quality of cleaning, but reduced the ease of use.

To date, the developers have not been able to get rid of some of the nuances, since they are directly related to the design features:

1. Difficulty in collecting light, thin and long particles. The vacuum cleaner is ineffective if the main part of the dirt is hair, thread, wool or fluff.
2. Accumulation of static electricity. An internal "tornado" that traps dust creates static electricity and transfers it to the case. It is not dangerous, but the impact can be quite sensitive.
3. Dependence on air suction rate. If the brush sticks to curtains or carpet, the internal vortex will instantly collapse and debris will contaminate other filters. After restarting, the unit will take some time to “gain momentum”.
4. Lack of power control. The unit needs a constant powerful air flow.
5. "Sound accompaniment". Solid particles, getting into a plastic container, beat against its walls, and the work is accompanied by a characteristic roar. In addition, they scratch the body, the cyclone filter in the vacuum cleaner becomes cloudy because of this, which makes it difficult to control the degree of pollution.

The disadvantages of cyclone-type vacuum cleaners are not a defect of the manufacturer. It is impossible to get rid of them and before making a choice it is necessary to decide whether the advantages can cross them out.

How to choose a vacuum cleaner with a cyclone filter

There is a surprisingly wide selection of vacuum cleaners with a cyclone filtration system on the market today. Due to the optimal ratio of cost and efficiency of the cleaning result, these models occupy a leading position.

When choosing a suitable model, you need to pay attention to the characteristics:

1. Power. Not only consumed, but also suction power plays a role. But the manufacturer does not always indicate the last indicator, and you have to focus on the rated power. Models that consume from 1800 to 2000 W perform well in operation.
2. Dust container volume. It is very important to find a middle ground. Too small a container will fill up quickly and the cleaning will have to be interrupted. A large dust container will significantly weight the vacuum cleaner.
3. Additional filters. This indicator will determine how much dust will be returned to the air. Carbon HEPA filters have proven themselves in the best way.
4. Equipment. Standard models are equipped with 3-6 nozzles. Among them you can find brushes for cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture, narrow nozzles. A sufficient number of functional accessories will ensure high-quality cleaning of coatings of any type.
5. Additional characteristics. It is also worth paying attention to the length of the cord, to the reverse function (automatic winding when approaching the outlet). The wheels of the vacuum cleaner should be rubber-coated, this will protect the floor and furniture.

When choosing, it is necessary to build not on the leading parameters, but be sure to consider everything. The ratio must be optimal, otherwise one small detail can spoil the impression of using the model.

The efficiency and service life of any equipment largely depends on whether the rules of operation and maintenance are observed.

In order for the home assistant to serve as long as possible, you should listen to the reviews and recommendations of those who have already purchased and are actively using such equipment. Find out why a cyclone filter is effective, what it is, how it works. And how to properly care for it.

It should be remembered that cyclone-type vacuum cleaners are designed exclusively for cleaning.

The undeniable advantage of this technique is the absence of the need for regular cleaning. You can clean and wash the container as it gets dirty. But it is better not to postpone maintenance, this will minimize the return dust emission.

When choosing a suitable model, it is worth giving preference to reliable manufacturers who are firmly established in the home appliance market.

Only a competent approach to the selection and operation of a technological novelty guarantees a long and uninterrupted service to guard the cleanliness of the house.

Owners of small workshops and just home craftsmen often have to deal with the problem of air purification after intensive work on woodworking, grinding metal surfaces, etc. Conventional ventilation of the room will not help here, you will need to install specialized equipment. With known skills, you can do it yourself.

Purpose and characteristics of cyclones

The cyclone is a specialized air cleaning unit (although similar units are also used as chip extractors, sawdust and other waste disposal agents).

As air purifiers, industrial designs of cyclones should provide suction and dust removal with an efficiency of at least 85 ... 90%, with dust removal of fragments with a size of at least 10 ... 12 microns. They are equipped with filters of various designs. The most effective are electrostatic precipitators, which simultaneously remove static electricity from dust particles.

The principle of operation of the cyclone is as follows. Air enters the volute-shaped inlet space of the cyclone at a high speed (up to 20 m/s), for which fans are usually used. The air containing dust particles is swirled, after which it enters the conical cavity of the apparatus. Features of the geometric structure of the cyclone cause a gradual increase in the speed of the air flow containing dust and other waste. In the process of this, the heavier dust particles separate from the lighter ones. The former settle to the bottom, while the latter, moving in a cone-shaped space, fall into the dust collector, from where they can be easily removed using a bucket or a sealed container. Purified air is removed to the atmosphere through a pipe.

The number of cyclones, depending on the requirements for the quality of dust removal, can be made different: there are groups of three, four and even eight single cyclones.

The operational requirements for cyclones include the following parameters:

1. allowable dispersion of particles that enter the cyclone, microns.
2. process efficiency, which is expressed in the maximum weight concentration of particles after dust removal, in g/mm 3 ;
3. cyclone performance, m 3 /h;
4. boundary temperature of air or gas entering the cyclone mouth (more typical for gas cleaning systems than dust removal systems) - usually up to 400 ... 600 ° C;
5. internal diameter of the cyclone, mm.

In addition to purely constructive requirements, there are also conditions for the high-quality installation of air cleaning devices. For example, when the gaps in the air duct connections are exceeded, air leakage often occurs, in which the performance of separating dust from air is sharply reduced. The allowable value of suction should not be more than 6 ... 8%.

Cyclones not only remove dust from the surrounding air, but can also provide clean indoor air.

Household cyclone design

There are no universal cyclones for various cleaning operations. For example, a chip blower should have increased pipe wall strength to prevent premature wear. With regard to a cyclone designed to collect and remove sawdust, it is important to provide for minimal losses in the suction ducts. Providing a cyclone for the purpose of air purification from cement dust that occurs in construction work, special attention is paid to the design of filters.

In domestic conditions, cyclones are considered the most versatile, purifying the air from coarse dust. By changing the design of filters, such devices can be made for dust removal purposes, as a chip extractor, for cleaning air from sawdust in a woodworking workshop (for example, at an existing sawmill).

The components of this unit are:

• body - includes a conical and cylindrical parts, and the shape of the conical part has a predominant effect on the quality of the process;
• branch pipe - one or more, where the source polluted air enters;
• exhaust pipe designed to remove dust-free air;
• inlet filter (or their system) as a chip extractor;
• receiving bucket;
• drive motor;
• fan.

All of the listed parts / assemblies can be purchased or made by hand.

Motor selection

Since a home-made cyclone is installed in the workshop, the main parameter of the engine is its power and the number of revolutions of the rotor. In the presence of a fan, the engine power does not matter much, since dust particles are still in a working machine, sawmill, etc. will not hit. However, the power and diameter of the volute of the cyclone must be interconnected. With a snail wheel diameter of up to 300 ... 350 mm, a high-speed (required!) Engine up to 1.5 kW is quite suitable. With smaller diameters, the power may be lower, but the cleaning performance will also decrease. Therefore, if there is a metalworking machine in the workshop, an engine from 1 kW is accepted.

The power of the electric motor increases significantly if you plan to equip a home-made device with your own hands outside the premises. Free space will increase, but the cleaning efficiency will decrease, mainly due to losses in the ducts. It is also worth noting that in the cold season, such a home-made cyclone will effectively “pull” heat from the workshop.

A good option should be to recognize the purchase of an electric motor complete with a receiving snail, the number of which determines the consumer capabilities of a home-made air purification system. The most common parameters of snails for domestic use and recommended electric motors for them are shown in the table:

The systems are supplied with rubber vibration isolators. They are able to create a working pressure of 0.8 kPa and above.

When choosing (or making with your own hands) a snail, preference must be given to a radial air intake pattern than a tangential one.

In the latter case, unproductive losses increase for a self-made snail, and the inertia of the particle selection method for the variant with a chip ejector will be very low.

When choosing an engine, it must be taken into account that the air velocity in the device cannot be less than 2.5 ... 3 m / s. With unsatisfactory cleaning, the elements of a home-made cyclone as a chip extractor (filter, bucket) are quickly clogged with chips, sawdust and other small waste.

Manufacturing of cyclone elements

On specialized Internet forums, you can find drawings of all the components of the unit that are available in order to make them yourself. From improvised means, an alteration of a household (or better, an industrial) vacuum cleaner is often made. Additionally required:

• a set of hoses made of translucent corrugated material (this will facilitate visual control of dust particles that have settled inside). For a chip blower, rubber hoses are more practical;
• a soundproof box that will perform two functions - it will provide a reduction in the noise level in the workshop, and additional protection of all machines and power tools located there from static electricity periodically accumulated by dust. To this end, the box can be made with your own hands from plywood, and from the inside it can be finished with any type of sound insulator;
• air ducts for purified air: they are assembled with their own hands from a thin aluminum sheet, and are interconnected by folds;
• a container for collecting waste - can be made from a conventional construction bucket with a capacity of 20 liters or more, which is sealed with a corrugated hose with the body of a home-made cyclone;
• a filter (a filter from trucks can be used), which is installed on the outlet pipe.

A vacuum cleaner remade for the needs of dust removal is checked: first at idle, driving ordinary air through the system, and then with the vacuum cleaner connected to a working machine.

Recently, the bagless cyclone type has begun to gain popularity. This technique works on the principle of cyclonic airflow filtration. The vacuum cleaner deserved its name. The device has a special system that creates a certain air vortex. Thanks to the vortex, dust accumulates in. The vacuum cleaner has a fairly powerful motor that allows you to suck up even large debris. The vacuum cleaner creates a centrifugal force, with the help of which the dust settles in a uniform layer on the walls of the container. Further, all the dust from the walls is sent to the dust collector. After cleaning, the entire contents of the dust container is shaken out into the trash can.

To ensure high-quality cleaning of an apartment or house, it is necessary to select a cleaning device depending on the parameters of your home. The quality of cleaning will depend on the power. The more power, the higher the suction power. The cyclone-type vacuum cleaner has high power ratings, which allows you to clean even in heavily polluted rooms. The average power of this technique is about 350 watts. There are some models with increased power, they are used for cleaning carpets..jpg" alt="cyclone" width="300" height="250">!}

Do not confuse suction power with power consumption. These are completely different indicators. In the documentation you can find figures of 2000-3000 watts. This is the power of the general level of consumption of electrical energy. These are quite large indicators of power. Part of the electricity goes to the operation of the engine, and part to overcome the friction force and other work processes. If the quality of the wiring in your home leaves much to be desired, then it is not recommended to buy a multicyclone vacuum cleaner with a high energy consumption indicator. This can lead to burnout of the wiring and other disastrous consequences.

Since the vacuum cleaner is often used, it should be comfortable enough so that cleaning does not cause difficulties. An additional plus is the presence of control buttons on the handle of the vacuum cleaner. This saves you from unnecessary movements, you no longer have to bend over every time you need to turn the device on or off. Cyclone vacuum cleaners make much less noise than their standard bagged models.

The principle of operation is that at first only large particles enter through the main filtration system. Further, the air passes through additional and is cleaned of small contaminants. Thanks to this, the cleaning result will please the owners. In some models, a fine filter is also installed, which allows you to remove almost all types of contaminants.

It is worth choosing models that are equipped with a telescopic suction tube. Such a tube will allow you to adjust its position, which will greatly facilitate the cleaning process. The tube must be made of aluminum or other durable material. It is not recommended to purchase models with plastic tubes. Because Dirt particles can scratch the interior surfaces when sucked in. Pay attention to the quantity for various types of cleaning that come with the cyclone vacuum cleaner.

The principle of operation of the cyclone filter

Data-lazy-type="image" data-src="http://chistyjdom.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/servis1.jpg" alt="cyclone" width="192" height="192">!} Most models of modern vacuum cleaners have debris blocks that are made of transparent plastic. Therefore, you can consider the principle of the filter with your own eyes. A cyclone filter is an element of a vacuum cleaner that cleans the air from. The operation of the filter is based on centrifugal force, which is formed as a result of air turbulence. The centrifugal force pushes the debris against the walls so it stays in the filter. Modern models can be supplied with two cyclone filters.

Advantages of cyclonic vacuum cleaners

• A durable plastic filter is installed, which is quite difficult to damage. Vacuum cleaners with dust bags are often damaged. However, this does not mean that you can remove glass, small nails, metal shavings and other sharp-edged objects that will damage the filter;
• Cleaning the dustbin is very easy. You simply disconnect the container and pour out the collected garbage;
• The cyclone filter in the vacuum cleaner does not require careful maintenance. It is enough to wash it with plain water without the addition of chemicals;
• The device is quite economical, since there is no need to constantly change filter bags and other consumables;
• Suction power is stable throughout the entire operation. It will not decrease with the accumulation of garbage. Only if the dust bin is full of debris can the suction power decrease;
• If a small part got into the vacuum cleaner, then it will not be difficult to find it.

Disadvantages of cyclone vacuum cleaners

• The principle of centrifugal force does not effectively remove light debris from the air (fluff and pet hair, hair). If you need to clean the house from such pollution, then it is better to choose a different type of vacuum cleaner that will better cope with these functions;
• Abundant rotation of the air flow can cause static electricity. As it accumulates, it will be transferred to the body. When you touch the body, you can feel it;
• Cyclone vacuum cleaners are dependent on the strength of the air flow. When you clean curtains or upholstered furniture, the strength of the incoming air flow is reduced, which leads to a rapid clogging of the cyclone filter;
• If large solid particles get into the vacuum cleaner, then under the influence of a whirlwind of air, they will beat and create an unpleasant noise. Such impacts can lead to the appearance of microcracks, which will further lead to breakage of the container.

Philips

Philips vacuum cleaners have a high reputation in the home appliance market. The Philips fc 8474 model has a cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner and is very popular among the citizens of our country. This bagless device has a built-in Power Cyclone system that provides reliable suction and high-quality removal of dust and various contaminants. The vacuum cleaner comes with a set of different nozzles with which you can clean various floor coverings. A special filter is built into the device, which removes not only dust, but also allergens. There are special control buttons on the handle. With their help, you can turn on, turn off the device, as well as adjust the power. You can buy Philips cyclonic vacuum cleaners in specialized stores or on the official website of the manufacturer of household appliances.

Household cyclone design

The most versatile vacuum cleaners for domestic use will be vacuum cleaners with a cyclone filter. They are able to clean various coatings from dust and debris.

The household cyclone consists of the following elements:

1. Frame. Consists of two parts: cylindrical and conical. The shape of the conical part of the body will affect the quality of cleaning;
2. Pipe branch. With its help, air is sucked in;
3. Exhaust pipe. As a result of cleaning, air remains, which leaves the system through a special exhaust pipe;
4. Electric motor with special fan;
5. Cyclone type filter;
6. Container for collecting dust and debris.

Manufacturing of cyclone elements

On the Internet (on forums and technical sites) you can find detailed drawings of all the main elements. Vacuum cleaners with a cyclone filter can be made by hand, using improvised means. Here's what you'll need:

• Special hoses made of corrugated material, rubber hoses can be used for cleaning coarse chips;
• It is necessary to prepare a soundproof enclosure. The case will reduce the noise level during operation, and perform a protective function. The body can be made of plywood and sheathed inside with soundproofing material;
• The necessary cyclone filter in the vacuum cleaner can be replaced with a filter from a truck, which is installed on the inlet pipe;
• The dust container can be made from a regular bucket.