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Having descended from the hill, the skier begins to slow down. Descent from the mountain

21.08.2023

Before starting to teach skiing to preschool children, it is necessary to clarify the basic methods of movement, descents, ascents, braking, and turns. The correct skiing technique is a system of movements with the help of which a child skier achieves the greatest efficiency of his actions. Indicators of its quality - naturalness, efficiency and economy. The main actions that are performed in this case and on which the speed of movement on skis depends are: repulsion by skis, repulsion by sticks, sliding.

The stepping step is the easiest way to ski. It is used on loose snow of the plain and when climbing a hill. Stepping step - skiing with alternately raising the toes of the skis, pressing the rear end of the ski to the snow, the right hand is brought forward along with the left leg and vice versa, the body is slightly tilted forward. When training, you should pay attention to the correct fit of the skier, to the alternate transfer of body weight from one leg to the other, as well as to lengthening the step.

The stepping step is the main lead-up exercise to mastering skiing. It is performed in various, gradually becoming more complex conditions. When training, it is important to master the following elements: opposite coordination of movements in the work of arms and legs (as in normal walking); transfer at each step of body weight from one leg to another; specific swing and jerk movements of the hands.

The gliding step is the foundation of skiing. The sliding step consists of a slide and a lunge. Skiing takes place with alternate repulsion with either the left or right foot, trying to take wide steps and fully straighten the legs at the knee joint. For example, when pushing off with the left foot, the right foot bends at the knee and moves forward, the weight of the body is transferred to it, and sliding occurs on the right ski. Then the same cycle is repeated, but the left foot is already sliding. Here, the coordination of movements of the arms and legs, repulsion by the leg and the transfer of body weight from the push leg to the fly leg are important. Hands move vigorously, as when walking (Fig. 1).

Picture 1.

As they master the stepping, and then the sliding step, older preschoolers master the alternating two-step move and other ski moves, including turning, braking, overcoming climbs and descents. All these movements beginner skiers perform without poles. They can be given only when the child is already confident on skis.

Turns on skis are performed on the spot and on the move. The most commonly used turn over. Turns in place by stepping around the heels (Fig. 2) and around the toes of the skis are not difficult, but it is advisable to work them out again until they are fully automated.

Figure 2.

The stepping turn should be started on level ground. Leaving the sticks aside, they make sure that the heels of the skis do not cross, and slightly raising the socks, a turn of 90 or more degrees is made. You need to start crossing from the foot that is closer to the direction of the intended turn. The steps should be normal - not big, not small. After performing a turn in the snow, the skis should leave a trace in the form of a fan. The stepping turn can be performed both around the backs and around the toes of the skis.

Hill climbs. When climbing the hill, various methods are used: the usual step, herringbone, half-herringbone, ladder, zigzag. Climbing with a normal step is used on gentle slopes. The movements are the same as in the normal move, but with a slightly more forward torso and stronger support on the sticks. In cases where it is impossible to walk with a sliding step, the ascent is made with a stepping step. You can climb the hill straight, as well as obliquely, in a zigzag. At first, children are taught to climb without sticks, as they cause tension and stiffness of movements. The herringbone method is mainly used when climbing a slope in the forward direction - the ski toes are spread apart and stand on the inner ribs. The “half-herringbone” lift is used when lifting (moving) obliquely. The ski that is higher up the slope is placed in the direction of travel, and the other is placed with the toe turned to the side across the slope. Both skis are placed on edge.

Climbing "ladder" is used on steep and steep slopes and is performed with advancement only up or forward-up. Standing sideways to the slope, you need to take a step towards the rise and put the ski on the outer edge so that it does not slip, and at the same time rearrange the stick. Leaning on a stick and a ski that is higher up the slope, put a second ski on it, leaning on its inner edge, and then rearrange the stick (Fig. 4). First, children are taught to step on level ground, then when climbing a hill.

Figure 4

Descents from the mountains (slopes) are taught to children simultaneously with the ascents. To do this, a gentle and even slope is selected, not too hard and knurled surface, otherwise the children's legs will move apart and they may fall. You can go down from the mountains by sliding in a different stance (low, medium, high), as well as a "ladder". The main stance is used on difficult descents with turns and uneven terrain; low - to increase speed, high - on gentle slopes to relax the muscles of the legs. From gentle slopes they descend straight, obliquely, and from steeper slopes - straight.

When descending a mountain, children learn to slow down. Children are taught the simplest methods of braking - "plow" and "semi-plow" (Fig. 5). Braking is applied not only to a complete stop, but also to slow down the movement. When braking with a “plow”, pressing the heels on the skis and squeezing the knees, the rear ends of the skis are pushed apart, and the toes of the skis are brought together by the “plow”. Skis are placed on the inside ribs. Sticks are held close to the knees, behind. For braking with a “semi-plow” (or emphasis), it is necessary that one ski continues to slide in a straight line, while the second is taken to the side, placed on an edge and rests against the snow.

Ski moves get their name from the various combinations of hand and foot movements. They are divided into two groups: alternating moves (hands work alternately) and simultaneous moves (hands work simultaneously).

According to the number of sliding steps in the cycle of movement, ski runs are divided into stepless, one-step, two-step, four-step.

Having mastered the sliding step, preschoolers proceed to the study of the alternating two-step move with sticks, which consists of two sliding steps and two alternate repulsions with sticks. With an alternating two-step course, the movements are natural, as if during ordinary walking - the right leg, the left arm. The stronger the push with the foot and stick, the longer and faster the skiing, the more energetic the pace of movement.

Alternate two-step technique. With a step of the left foot, the right stick is brought forward, at the same time a push is made with the left hand and right foot - the weight of the body is transferred to the left foot. The right leg after the push relaxes and by inertia goes back and up, raising the heel of the ski. At the same time, the body is tilted forward, the right hand completes the removal of the stick forward, the hand is at shoulder level. From this position, the skier prepares to take the next step. Continuing to slide on his left foot, he puts his right stick with pressure on the snow and pushes off with it. With the simultaneous pulling up of the right leg and transferring the weight of the body to it, the left hand continues to be carried forward: the sliding occurs on the right ski. The stroke cycle is completed and is repeated in the future (Fig. 6).

Figure 6

Stepless walking with poles is used when moving downhill and on the plain, on rolled sections of the ski track, with good support for the poles and excellent glide. Moving with this move, the skier is simultaneously strongly repelled by sticks. Sliding on both skis, he brings both sticks forward and up, then quickly puts them in front of the toes of his boots and pushes off strongly. The body is tilted to a horizontal position.

Simultaneous stepless move is performed as follows (Fig. 7):

1. After the end of the push with the hands, the skier glides, bending over on two skis, his head slightly raised.

2-3. Gliding continues, the skier slowly straightens up and with a slight pendulum motion brings the sticks forward.

4. The skier straightens almost completely, preparation for repulsion begins - the body weight moves to the toes, the legs are slightly bent, the poles are brought forward before setting on the snow.

5. The sticks are placed on the snow a little in front of the bindings, the hand push begins.

6. The main effort on the sticks is developed by bending the torso. The angle of flexion of the arms in the elbow joints is somewhat reduced.

7-8. The push ends with full extension of the arms. The hands are at a level no higher than the knees, the angle of inclination of the sticks is the greatest.

9. After the end of the push, the skier slides by inertia, bent over, on two skis.

The cycle of movements is repeated.

Figure 7

As they grow older, during their school years, other skiing moves, methods of climbing, descending, turning, braking, and overcoming bumps will be mastered.

An excerpt from the book by V. Strukov "On the Podmoskovnaya Ski Track". Publisher: Moscow Worker, 1971.

The two main conditions for descending are to take the correct stance and hold the poles correctly.

Rack. It is necessary to place the skis (approximately shoulder-width apart), bend your knees slightly (you can’t move out on straight, tense legs) and tilt your body forward.

Descending stance

Depending on the desire to move out faster or slower, you need to take the appropriate stance, tilting the body more or less.

Stances for slow and fast descents

In the first case, the air resistance will be less, and the speed will increase, in the second, vice versa. For greater stability, one ski is pushed forward a little (by 10-15 cm).

Sticks on the way down. In no case should sticks be carried forward - if they fall, this can lead to an accident. On slopes overgrown with bushes, hands should be released from the straps and keep the sticks raised, as the ring of the stick may catch on the bush.

Braking and stopping. Often when descending, it becomes necessary to slow down or stop. For braking, a method called the "plough" is usually used. In this case, the toes of the skis are connected, the rear ends are respectively spread apart, and the skis are placed on the inner ribs.

Plow braking

The braking force will be the stronger, the more the backs of the skis are spread apart and the steeper the skis become on the ribs.

If the descent is deep skiing or deep snow, it is almost impossible to use the “plow”. Then it is necessary to put the skis as steeply as possible on the inner ribs or brake with sticks, as if sitting on them. However, braking in this way should only be a last resort, as the sticks deteriorate quickly.

About the fall. Falling is definitely annoying. however, sometimes it is unavoidable, and one must be able to do it. So, when you need to quickly stop, you have to fall (in any case, this is much better than running into a tree or a fallen satellite). To do this, you need to sit down and fall on your side. When falling, for example, to the right, it is recommended to hold both sticks in the left hand. During the fall, the skis go forward, so the skier falls almost on his back. You need to try not to fall forward - you can hurt yourself badly and break your skis.

Many people like outdoor activities and go to the ski resort in winter. Beginners immediately take several skiing lessons from an instructor. From the outside, everything seems so easy, but you need special skill to properly descend the slopes. It is important to learn how to brake in order to ride beautifully and with pleasure. The most important braking technique is "plow" and "emphasis" ("semi-plow").

In what cases does it apply

Experienced skiers go downhill without using brakes, because many years of experience gives many different tricks. An insufficiently trained skier often cannot cope with high speed on the go, so you need to learn how to slow it down. Braking "plow", "emphasis" is used in cases where an unexpected obstacle appears, if one of the participating skiers suddenly falls.

At competitions, spectators can interfere. The "plow" braking technique on skis is sometimes used when the route is not well known, on very sharp descents. This is a very effective way to pause. It helps to correct the fast pace and pause.

You should start with the "plow" rack

What is the meaning of the expression "in the plow"? Anyone who has ever seen the device and the work of an ordinary plow will immediately understand what position the athlete should be in. For the skier, this means that he must adopt a stance that will help him control speed through braking or stopping. Even a novice athlete can perform braking with a "plow" without difficulty. Where to start the execution of the rack? It is carried out according to the following plan:

The fronts of the skis must be brought together, and the backs must be spread apart as much as possible. The ideal distance between the socks will be a gap of 6-8 cm.
Legs should be bent at the knees and ankles.
The body must be bent forward.
Arms slightly bent at the elbows should be extended in front of you.
It is desirable to disperse body weight equally on both skis.
The sticks must be pointed backwards.

Several ways to use this rack

There are several ways to learn how to perform "plow" braking on skis:

The simplest trick is to put one foot to the side. It must be performed while in the main stance (legs bent at the knees, the body is tilted forward, arms in front). One leg remains in place, and the second must be set aside, but the toe should not move further than 10 cm from the other.
Being in the basic position, you can take turns setting aside the skis: the front ends are together, the rear ends are apart. In this case, the skis should lean on the inner ribs.
Reception "plow" in the jump. To do this, you need to jump slightly and at the same time - bring your socks together and spread your heels.
The fourth effective technique - with smooth pressure on the runners, you need to push your heels apart, slowly straightening your knees and ankles. As a result, the legs need to be straightened completely.

Plow braking on the move

After a beginner skier has tried the plow stance, it's time to put it to the test and learn how to stop at the bottom of the slope. Most often, long slopes are chosen for the route with access to straight terrain. In such cases, there is no risk of injury due to a sharp fall.

First, the athlete climbs the slope. After that, he takes the main ski stance (described above). Then he moves straight down the track. After picking up speed, he prepares to perform braking with a "plough": he gradually straightens his legs, straightening his knees. Then the skier bends his knees, presses on the inner edges of the skis and spreads the backs to the sides. Thus, this action resembles the work of a plow. On the rollout, he brakes, transferring body weight to the inner edges of the skis.

For beginner skiers, after the first braking, their legs may become numb, but do not worry - this is normal at first.

"Plow" helps to control speed

On steep slopes, plow braking helps to control the speed of the ride. What will it depend on? For the experiment, you need to climb a sloping descent. After that, you should take the "plow" on the slope. Further in this position, you need to start moving down. You should not be afraid of high speed, because this braking is very reliable. If you systematically bend and unbend your legs, as well as press on the inner edging of the skis, change the gap between the backs, then you can safely reduce or increase the speed. When the angle between the rears increases, the movement will slow down, and when it decreases, the ride will accelerate.

Improving braking

After a beginner skier has mastered braking on small slopes, you can start mastering steeper slopes or descents where the terrain changes. The most common mistakes that beginners make when mastering the "plow" method are the following errors: the toes of the skis sometimes cross, the pressure on each ski is unevenly distributed, which changes the direction of movement. Sometimes beginners do not spread their heels enough or bend a little, do not bring their knees together. If such errors occur, then you should practice a few more times on low slopes.

Technique "emphasis"

Anyone who has mastered braking with a "plow" can easily use the "stop" method. To make it easier to understand its essence, you can imitate movements in place several times. Such braking is intended for descents obliquely, diagonally. This is such a kind of ski turn or side slip. Here is a sample briefing for braking "emphasis":

To begin with, when descending, you need to sit down slightly.
Then you should perform a sharp push forward and straighten up. This allows you to take the load off the skis.
The next action is to turn the ankle joints, which helps to turn the skis at an angle to the side.
To perform this movement, the shoulders and torso are connected.
The greater the angle of ski turn, the stronger the braking will be.

In the end, you can use the support on a stick. In order to completely stop, the skis must be placed across the slope strictly on edge. Most often, this method of braking is used by men or experienced athletes, it is better for girls to use it on low slopes, because it takes a lot of strength and skill to perform it.

controlled fall

What to do in those cases when it is impossible to use either the "plow" or "emphasis" technique? There are times when a skier is moving downhill at high speed, suddenly an obstacle suddenly appears in his path. In this case, you just need to sharply slow down or stop.

Sometimes the only way to prevent a collision with an object is by deliberately falling. This is in cases where the obstacle caught the skier by surprise and is so close that there is no way to slow down. If you skillfully manage the fall, then there is a chance not to get injured, quickly get up and continue riding.

For such a case, you need to know the following tricks of a controlled fall:

First you need to try to sit down.
Then you need to try to fall back and sideways.
At the same time, the skis should be deployed across the track.
Then, with the help of sticks, you can easily get up and continue sliding again.

There are times when the skis cross with such a fall. Then you should roll over on your back, raise your legs up and direct the skis to the desired position. After that, you need to roll over to the side and rise.

In some cases, tourists use stick braking. This happens with a lot of snow on the slopes, when the fall is inappropriate. These methods are suitable only for amateurs, athletes in racing do not use them.

Introduction

Sequence of learning

Conclusion

Application

Introduction

Physical culture and health development of children is one of the priorities of the kindergarten. An increase in the physical activity of children, strengthening their health and hardening is carried out in all age groups. The physical education of a child in kindergarten is largely provided by various types of physical exercises. Among them, a large place is occupied by such sports exercises as skiing.

The tasks of teaching skiing for preschool children:

to interest the child in the upcoming skiing activities;

introduce skiing equipment, teach how to put on and take off skis, stand on parallel skis;

to help children master the feeling of weighting their legs with skis, which is new for them;

contribute to the mastery of dynamic balance when skiing;

to teach skiing with stepping and sliding steps;

teach children to turn by stepping over.

In advance, the teacher plans classes, a system of preparation for them. It specifies the content, dosage of the exercises, determines the methods of training. Then he conducts a conversation with children, during which he talks in an accessible form about the meaning of classes, about clothes, shoes for them, the rules for storing ski equipment and caring for it.

Given the natural sequence in mastering vital motor skills, it is possible to teach skiing to two-year-old kids who confidently maintain balance in normal walking and running. However, serious training in the technique of movements must begin at the age of 3-4, since this period is characterized by great plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Due to this, neural connections are relatively easily formed. In a preschool educational institution, children begin to learn skiing from the second younger group (from 3 years old). From the fourth year of life to the seventh, children must master different ways of skiing, learn how to make turns, brake, overcome ups and downs.

In the second younger group (4th year of life), the main task is to acquaint children with various types of movements. In ski training classes, it is necessary to teach children to put on and take off skis, put them in place, and move along a flat ski track with a walking step.

In the middle group (5th year of life), skiing skills are formed - making turns by stepping on the spot to the right and left, around in both directions, moving in stepping steps along the ski track one after another, uphill straight and obliquely. At this age, children should be able to independently take and put skis in place, take them off, put them on and carry them.

Education in the senior group (6th year of life) should be aimed at improving skiing skills. Skiing training includes: moving in a gliding step over rough terrain; performing turns on the spot and on the move; climbing the hill with a "ladder", descending from it in a low stance. To consolidate skiing technique, outdoor games should be carried out and game tasks should be included in the learning process.

In the preparatory group for school (7th year of life), ski training provides for: moving in a sliding step along the track one after another; movement by alternating two-step course; overcoming on skis at least 60m at an average pace, 2 - 3 km at a calm pace; performing turns by stepping over in motion; climbing the hill "ladder", "herringbone"; descent from the hill in a low and high stance; ability to slow down. To consolidate and improve skiing technique, ski games should be held.

Forward-looking planning for teaching skiing to older children is in Appendix 1.

Learning to move on skis takes place in stages, using a movement pattern and an explanation of the sequence of motor actions. An excellent educational impact is provided by the consideration of drawings, filmstrips, which give an idea of the correct skiing.

Skiing lessons are held with a gradual increase in time from 15 to 40 minutes. After all the children in the group learn to ski well, you can arrange walks for them outside the preschool site - in the park, in the forest, at the stadium. Training is organized in the morning - after classes, and after lunch, on walks. Duration of walks - from 30 to 60 minutes. Before going on a ski trip and starting to learn skiing, the teacher needs to take into account the health status of preschoolers, their level of physical fitness, physical activity, and, based on these indicators, distribute the children into groups. This will make it possible to implement a differentiated approach to learning, different in complexity, methods and techniques of work.

An important condition for ensuring a high motor density of the lesson is the well-thought-out organization of children. The choice of the method of organizing children when performing movements (frontal, group, individual) depends on the specific pedagogical tasks, the type and technical complexity of the exercise, and the readiness of children for them. Given the specifics of the conditions for learning to ski, the most effective are the frontal and individual methods. With the frontal method, all children perform the exercise at the same time. The children are placed so that the teacher can see everyone, provide them with the necessary assistance and individualize the load. The use of an individual method of organization has various motives (supplementary education, correctional work, the performance of a more complex task by individual children) and is consistent with the frontal organization.

It is very important to have conversations with parents, to explain to them the importance of ski training. Show on visual material how when skiing, all the large muscles of a person are included in a sufficiently energetic and long-term work, which helps to strengthen the muscular and skeletal systems, as well as the articular-ligamentous apparatus, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and other systems. It is necessary to tell parents how to choose ski equipment for children and prepare for classes, what requirements are imposed on clothing (correctly chosen clothing protects the body of children from both hypothermia and overheating).

Observations show that if the training system is observed, children successfully master the ways of skiing.

Importance of skiing for preschool children

Skiing has a great influence on the physical development and hardening of the child's body. It causes active actions of large muscle groups. A wide range of movements, a constant rhythmic alternation of muscle tension and relaxation contributes to the development of muscle strength, creates favorable conditions for the performance of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Movement in the fresh air provides intensive work of the heart and lungs. Thanks to this, the body is intensively saturated with fresh, frosty, lively air, which is the basis of health, the foundation for the harmonious development of the child.

Skiing develops the function of balance, which leads to better mastery and control of movements. Children master the ability to create a new support in case of loss of balance by extending their legs in the direction of fall, they improve the control of muscle feeling.

Teaching children to ski has a positive effect on the formation of the arch of the foot. Ski lessons have a beneficial effect on the formation of the child's posture. Positive shifts in improving posture are quite natural, since almost all muscle groups and especially the back muscles develop and strengthen harmoniously when skiing.

Under the influence of skiing, there is a significant development of basic movements (running, jumping, throwing), manifestations of agility, speed, determination and other qualities. Thanks to regular skiing, colds in children are reduced. After skiing, appetite increases, sleep becomes deep and strong.

Skiing and skiing contribute to the education of the moral and volitional qualities of the child: creating interest and love for systematic studies, develop courage, perseverance, determination, form endurance and discipline, teach to overcome difficulties and obstacles, foster a sense of friendship, collectivism, mutual assistance. Ski walks in the forest, park, square contribute to the feeling of love for the environment, awaken the thought and desire to learn something new, interesting about your region.

Inventory and equipment of places of employment

movement ski training children

To teach children to ski, it is necessary to choose the right skis, poles, shoes and clothes. The ski selection procedure should include the determination of the following indicators: ski length; ski weight; weight deflection of skis; flexibility and elasticity of skis; lack of skew skis; lack of knots and cuts on the sliding surface of wooden skis; the quality of the paintwork, especially wooden skis.

The length of the skis is determined in accordance with the height and weight (mass) of those involved. The easiest way to select skis for height (both wooden and plastic) is as follows: put the skis together, put them vertically and raise your hand up. If the ends of the nose of the skis are at wrist level, then the length of the skis corresponds to the height of the skier. The length of skis for skating should be 10-20 cm less; the nasal curve should be shorter.

For kids, the height of the ski should be up to the elbow. For older preschoolers - by the hand raised up. If you put the ski vertically near the leg, then he should reach the toe of the ski with the palm of his outstretched hand, and the upper edge of the stick should reach the armpit.

The weight deflection of skis is determined in accordance with the weight (mass) of the skier. The smaller the weight of the child, the smaller the deflection (stiffness) of the skis - the distance between the skis in the middle, thickened part when they are connected by sliding surfaces.

Skis are suitable for both wooden and plastic. When choosing skis, it should be borne in mind that plastic skis are stronger and lighter than wooden ones (a pair of skis weighs 1.2-1.5 kg); they are more elastic and wear-resistant, glide better; the groove on the sliding surface has a semicircular shape. Plastic skis with a scaly sliding surface are especially convenient: they do not require lubrication when the weather changes.

When choosing skis, you need to make sure that there are no longitudinal curvature. If the ski is not curved, then the groove on the sliding surface is straight, and the edges are parallel to it along the entire length of the ski. The guide groove serves to improve the straightness of movement and does not allow the ski to slide off in the transverse direction, “to move apart”. Skis should not have knots, cracks, roughness of the sliding surface. Ski poles are suitable from any material, preferably lighter ones.

On sticks, straps (loops) for the hands, rings (segment) of the stop and pins at the ends are needed. It is desirable to have a special handle on sticks. The absence or breakage of the strap forces the child to often lose the stick and hold it tightly in his fist, making it difficult to push off. Sticks without stop rings fall deep into the snow; in the absence of pins, they slip. All this leads to loss of balance and, as a rule, to falls. Before using the sticks, it is necessary to explain and show the child the way of holding: the brush is threaded into the strap from below and rests on it, when retracted, the stick is freely held mainly by three fingers - thumb, index and middle;

It is necessary to choose the right shoes and clothes. For activities, you can use casual winter shoes or ski boots (preferably with an elongated top that protects from snow, free in size). It is best for small children to ski in felt boots or boots, the bindings of the younger ones are soft, a rubber loop is needed at the back, otherwise the skis slip off. For seniors, the fastening is semi-rigid, the toe should protrude from under the belt by 3-4 cm. Boots with a wide toe, with lacing and a double tongue, the size is 1-2 numbers larger to fit the insole and two socks - regular and woolen.

Clothing for classes can be different, but it must meet the following requirements: it must protect from cold and wind, be warm, light, comfortable and not restrict movement while skiing and not contribute to overheating of the child. It is best to use a ski suit for this, pulling on a wool sweater in cool weather. The gloves must not get wet. The hat is woolen, and in windy and cold weather they put on headphones.

When teaching a child to ski, children are first taught to carry skis: on the shoulder, at hand, in the hand; putting on and taking off skis. They show and explain how to properly fasten skis to the leg, how to walk behind skis and poles, how to fasten and carry them. First of all, the teacher teaches children how to take skis from the rack, fasten them and put them back in the rack, put on and take off skis, and take care of them. The child takes the skis by the middle with both hands and puts them with the heels at the toe of the right foot with the sliding surfaces forward and holds them from the side above the cargo areas with four fingers from the outside, and the thumb towards him. When aligned in a line, the skis are pressed against the shoulder. When turning in place, the skis rise and, simultaneously with the attachment of the legs, lower to it.

To get on the skis, you need to take them in your left hand, and with your right hand unfasten the sticks and put them in the snow or put them in rings back on the right side. Then separate the skis and put them with cargo platforms at the feet on the right and left, attach the skis, separate the sticks, put them on the hands with loops and put them near the leg. To remove the skis, you need to put or put sticks on the right, unfasten the skis and get off them, taking a half step to the left.

For ease of carrying, the skis are fastened. To do this, you need to connect the sticks by threading one stick into the ring of the other, and put both sticks in the snow or put them to your right with rings back on the line of the toes of the shoes. Clear the skis of snow, take them by the cargo platforms, the left ski with the same (left) hand from below, and the right one from above. Pass the toe of the right ski under the fastening straps of the left ski, pass the upper ends of the fastened poles under the toe straps and put the rings on the toes of the skis. For long-term carrying, the sticks are attached to the skis with a belt (rope). Skis with a metal mount are fastened with sliding surfaces to each other. Sticks must be attached to one of the skis.

Skis can be carried in different ways: on the shoulder, under the arm and in the hand. To carry skis on your shoulder, you should move the skis to your left shoulder with your right hand, move your left hand slightly forward, turning it with your palm towards you, put the skis with your heels on your palm so that your thumb lies on the sliding surface, and the remaining fingers are facing the thigh. Then vigorously lower the right hand, at the same time with the left hand move the heels of the skis away from you so that the skis lie on the shoulder at a slight angle, with the sliding surface forward. To remove the skis from the shoulder, you need to move the heels of the skis to the thigh with your left hand, at the same time take the skis at shoulder height with your right hand and place them vertically at the left shoulder. Then move the skis with the right hand down to the right leg, holding them with the left hand above the cargo areas, and hold along the right leg so that the heels touch the toe of the right leg, and quickly lower the left hand, and gently lower the skis with the right. To carry skis at hand, you need to grab the sticks near the fastening brackets with your right hand, and with your left hand - from the side of the sliding surface of the ski, below the cargo area, send the upper ends forward and down. Then, turning the skis from left to right with the sliding surface up, press them with the elbow of the right hand from the side, while vigorously lowering the left hand. Keep ski toes at track height. To lower the skis to the leg, you need to grab the skis with your left hand from the side of the sliding surface near the cargo areas, and with your right hand, holding the sticks, turn the skis to the left, the sliding surface down, raise the toes of the skis, hold them vertically along the right leg, at the same time intercept the side with your right hand at cargo areas, lower your left hand, and with your right hand, smoothly put the skis with your heels at your right foot. For short-term carrying, skis can be carried in the hand by holding them by the bindings. The teacher shows and explains all this to the children, then makes sure that the children correctly fulfill his requirements and consolidate the acquired skills.

Keep the skis in a vertical position, sliding surfaces one to the other. To do this, the socks and heels of the skis are fastened with special clamps, and a spacer (size 5 ×8 cm), which maintains the load deflection. Convenient placement and storage of skis should be provided in advance so that children have the opportunity to approach them from different sides without interfering with each other. For this, it is best to use shelving. After class, the skis are cleaned of snow and wiped dry with a rag. Carefully check the condition of skis, poles, boots.

The territory of the kindergarten should have a training ground - a place where the technique of skiing is practiced. A ski track is laid on the site, several tracks are possible: “big circle”, “eight” and “snake”.

The terrain of the site is diverse: there should be flat areas, steep and gentle slopes, which is very convenient for learning to ski.

Types and methods of skiing

Picture 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 4

According to the number of sliding steps in the cycle of movement, ski runs are divided into stepless, one-step, two-step, four-step.

Figure 6

Simultaneous stepless move is performed as follows (Fig. 7):

After the end of the push with his hands, the skier glides, bending on two skis, his head slightly raised.

3. The slide continues, the skier slowly straightens up and brings the poles forward with a light pendulum motion.

The skier straightens almost completely, preparation for repulsion begins - the body weight moves to the toes, the legs are slightly bent, the sticks are brought forward before setting on the snow.

The sticks are placed on the snow a little ahead of the bindings, the hand push begins.

The main effort on the sticks is developed by bending the torso. The angle of flexion of the arms in the elbow joints is somewhat reduced.

8. The push ends with full extension of the arms. The hands are at a level no higher than the knees, the angle of inclination of the sticks is the greatest.

After the end of the push, the skier slides by inertia, bent over, on two skis.

The cycle of movements is repeated.

Figure 7

As they grow older, during their school years, other skiing moves, methods of climbing, descending, turning, braking, and overcoming bumps will be mastered.

Sequence of learning

Direct training in skiing for preschoolers is carried out in the following sequence.

First, children are taught to ski with a walking step without sticks - this is the easiest way to ski. This way of movement develops balance and rhythm, prepares for the development of more complex ski moves.

When walking without sticks, it is easier to focus on the position of the legs, on the coordination of movements, on maintaining balance. The sooner children begin to use sticks, the worse their technique of movement will be. Untimely use of sticks makes it difficult to move, encourages the child to “hang” on them, which can lead to injuries. Sticks are given to children when they can ski with confidence.

After that, they teach turns on the spot (around the backs and socks).

Then turns in motion ("stepping over", "plow", "semi-plow").

They teach braking, climbing a hill (with the usual step, "herringbone", "half-herringbone", "ladder"); descents from the hill ("ladder", in a low, medium and high rack).

Herringbone and ladder climbs are used only by older preschoolers, since they are still very difficult for kids.

They descend from the hill in the main stance: the body is slightly tilted forward, the legs are bent, the arms are laid back and bent at the elbows.

In the future, children learn to ski with a sliding step. To master the sliding steps, you can give the following tasks:

after a running start, sliding on one track to a complete stop, raise the second over the track;

sliding downhill on one or the other ski;

sliding steps with sticks in the hands, taken in the middle.

Then master the alternating two-step move. This move should be taught on a rolled track that goes downhill so that it is easier for the child to slide.

Simultaneous stepless walking is taught to children when they master the stepping, sliding steps, as well as the alternating two-step step (about 5-6 years old).

However, it should be remembered that in the initial training of preschool children to ski, preliminary work is carried out.

At the first ski training classes (which are held in the gym), children are taught to order, organization, the correct execution of certain actions, building in a column one at a time with skis in their hands (Appendix 3).

Then they learn how to put on their skis, tighten the bindings on their boots, clean the skis after skiing and put them back in place.

Then the teacher teaches the children the starting position - “skier’s stance”: the skis stand parallel at the width of the foot (10-15 cm), the legs are bent so that the knees are above the middle of the foot, the torso is slightly tilted forward, the arms are half-bent and freely lowered, the weight of the body is distributed evenly on both legs, the gaze is turned forward.

With preschoolers, it is useful to repeat this stance on every walk before starting skiing.

Preparatory exercises (both without skis and on skis) help mastering the skier's stance and the basic elements of skiing. ? alternately raising the legs, stepping to the sides, etc.), as well as imitation of different ways of skiing.

It should be noted that skiing is based on ordinary walking and in the process of developing a child’s skill, one should start from the senses, therefore the first classes are held in a hall without skis, with an imitation of skiing. In the future, according to the degree of development, it is possible to give skis to some children in the hall and improve the technique. Only then can you go outside.

But it is not easy for children to get used to the unusual feeling of the heaviness of skis, their sliding on the snow. Therefore, the first movements of the child are just to stand on skis, sit down, alternately raise one and the other leg with the ski, put it on the snow, try to walk step by step, gradually become more difficult and the children begin to perform:

Jumping on two legs moving forward.

Jumps with turning skis to the right - to the left.

Jumps with a turn of 180 and maintaining balance.

High jumps with pulling the knees to the chest - "Kangaroo".

Jumping on one leg while maintaining balance on one ski.

Setting one ski parallel to the body in front while maintaining balance.

Pulling one ski back so that it only touches the snow with its toe.

All these exercises are quite complex and it is not immediately possible for children to complete them. Further, when walking, it is necessary to control that the toe of the ski is raised, and the rear end is pressed against the snow, make sure that the hands move with cross coordination as when walking.

In addition, in order to avoid injuries when skiing, the teacher is obliged to learn with the children the basic rules that they must learn:

Walk, observing the interval, keep up, do not run into the skis of the child in front;

Do not talk at a distance;

When climbing a hill and other obstacles, help a weak child;

Roll down the hill when there is no one below;

If an obstacle suddenly appears on the way, try to gently fall on your side.

Teaching a child to ski requires a certain system. First, on each walk, repeat the exercises that the child performed on the previous walk. Secondly, they adhere to the didactic principles of teaching - accessibility, consistency, systematicity. Thirdly, outdoor games are widely used, which give learning an emotional character and contribute to the consolidation and improvement of the necessary skills.

The use of gaming tasks and outdoor games in teaching and improving skiing

As the skills of skiing are mastered, it becomes possible to use games to consolidate them. They spark interest in skiing.

The mastery of skis as a projectile, as well as the development of coordination of movements and the development of elementary skiing skills, is facilitated by outdoor games.

Outdoor games are the main means of physical education of preschool children. Their pedagogical significance is manifested in the fact that during the game there is not a selective, but a complex development of physical qualities. Games are accompanied by vivid emotional experiences.

In addition, skiing games form positive character traits, cultivate perseverance in achieving certain goals (run to the flag, go down without touching the lying branches, etc.). Develop a sense of camaraderie and mutual assistance.

Games should be chosen such that the players playing them are active, active. Game tasks are used with a focus on improving repulsion with legs, single-support sliding, and a sense of balance. They make it possible to improve skiing skills on flat terrain, perform descents, ascents and braking.

For example: to overcome the greatest distance from a place or from a running start in 5 sliding steps; go without sticks with a sliding step a given segment in the least number of steps; from a small run-up (4-5 steps) to slide on one ski to a complete stop, etc.

Educational games and exercises that can be used in a preschool educational institution for teaching preschoolers to ski in Appendix 2.

Conclusion

In physical education, skiing occupies one of the leading places. Skiing is available for children from a very early age. Skiing has a comprehensive effect on the body of children. Skiing has a positive effect on the development of the muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, contributes to the formation of a number of physical qualities (strength, endurance, agility, speed). It contributes to the development of spatial orientations and coordination of movements, as children move on skis in a constantly changing terrain.

In the process of training and competitions in skiing, moral and volitional qualities are also brought up: courage, perseverance, discipline, collectivism, the ability to overcome difficulties of any nature.

Long-term muscular work in clean air at low temperatures contributes to the hardening of the body of children, significantly increasing its resistance to various diseases.

Teaching preschool children to ski begins at physical education classes in the gym, special attention is paid to exercises that strengthen the muscles of the foot (walking on toes, picking up the cord with your toes, squeezing and unclenching.

Teach children to ski during morning and afternoon walks, increasing their duration from 25-30 to 45-60 minutes. For children six to seven years old, a ski trip can last 1-1.5 hours.

Thus, introducing children to sports is of great importance for the formation of a healthy lifestyle for them, and skiing is one of the best ways to captivate a child in the winter season.

Skiing is the most interesting and fascinating form of movement, and movement is a vital human need; this is the most effective remedy; it is an important educational tool.

Bibliography

1.Vilchkovsky E.S. Physical culture of preschool children / E.S. Vilchkovsky. - Kyiv: Health, 1979. - 232 p.

.Goloshchekina M.P. Skiing in kindergarten: a guide for a teacher for children. garden / M.P. Goloshchekina. - M.: Enlightenment, 1977. - 94 p.

.Dronov V.Ya. Physical Culture. Ski training for schoolchildren: Method. allowance / V.Ya.

.Kudryavtsev M.D. Physical education space as a medium for rehabilitation and social adaptation of students / M.D. Kudryavtsev. - M.: APKiPRO, 2002. - 185 p.

.Skiing and teaching methods: educational and methodological complex. - Gorno-Altaisk: RIO GAGU, 2010. - 92 p.

.Stepanenkova E.Ya. Theory and methods of physical education and development of the child: Proc. allowance / E.Ya. Stepanenkova. - M.: Information Center "Academy", 2006. - 368 p.

Annex 1

A promising plan for physical education classes for teaching children of the older group to ski

MonthWeekProgram tasksNovember 1. Teach children to put on and take off skis, walk at a walking pace. 3. Teach children to confidently stand on skis, walk at a walking pace. December 1. Develop a sense of balance when skiing. Strengthen the ability to walk in stepping steps. 3. Practice skiing in stepping steps, walk along the snowy corridor. January 3. Introduce the sliding step. Teach children to navigate in space. Strengthen the skill of moving with a stepping step. 4. Continue learning the sliding step. To teach to make turns by stepping over, to go around objects in the kindergarten area. February 1. To teach children to enter a small hill with a stepping step, to move down a gentle hill. Practice walking in a sliding step. 3. Strengthen the skill of a sliding step. To teach children to descend from a very gentle slope with a slope length of 3-4 meters. from a low slope in a low fixed stance and ascent with a "ladder". April 1. Strengthen the skills of descending in a low stance and ascent with a "ladder". Exercise children in walking with a sliding step, walking a distance of up to 500 meters. 2. Exercise children in skiing, overcoming a distance of 1-1.5 km at a slow pace.

A promising plan for physical education classes for teaching children of the preparatory group to ski

MonthWeekProgramme tasksNovember 1. Restoring the skiing skills acquired by children in the older group. 2. Strengthening the skill of stepping and sliding steps. 3. Consolidating the skills of a sliding step, descents from a low slope, the ability to rearrange skis with a “ladder”, stepping over sticks lying parallel on the snow. 4. Exercise children in descent and ascent, in skiing with a sliding step. December 1. Exercise children in skiing with a sliding step, in sliding from a run on two skis. 2. Continue to teach children to move in a sliding step, make sure that the children bend their legs in the knees when sliding. 3. Strengthen the skill of a sliding step, learn to descend from gentle slopes with a slope length of 8 meters. 4. Learn to descend from a less gentle slope, climb a slope with a ladder. slopes. Teach turns by stepping over. 3. Learn to walk in a sliding step, with your hands behind your back, climbing the slope in a herringbone pattern. To consolidate the skill of turning by stepping on skis. 4. To teach children to ski with sticks in an alternating two-step move. walking, climbing herringbone and descending in a high stance with braking. 3. Learn to walk in alternating two-step steps with sticks, overcome obstacles on the way. children in skiing overcoming a distance of 1.5-2 km, at a slow pace. 2. Exercise in climbing a herringbone slope and downhill in a low and high stance with braking. at an average pace. 4. Improve the skills of skiing with an alternating two-step course. April 1. Exercise children in skiing, covering a distance of 2-3 km at a slow pace. 2. Exercise children in descending and ascending a gentle slope with a slope length of 18 m.

Appendix 2

Educational games and exercises that can be used in preschool for teaching skiing

GAMES ON THE SNOW CROWN

Come on and don't back down. Task. Development of spatial orientations and improvement of the balance function.

Description. Six ski poles are stuck into the snow at a distance of 2-2.5 m from each other. The child walks around standing sticks, trying not to hurt them.

Rules. Do not miss the poles, try not to knock them down with your ski toes, make turns exactly.

Tram. Task. To fix spatial orientations, exercise in skiing.

Description. The teacher divides the playing children into four equal subgroups, each group of children of 5-7 people holds on to a colored cord (this is a tram). Children walk along the virgin snow in any direction, meeting, they diverge only to the right.

Rules. Bypass the tram going towards you only on the right, go rhythmically, coordinating the pace of your movement with the pace of your comrades.

Hit the target.

Task. Practice in balance.

Description. Each child has a ball of snow in their hands. Passing by a throwing shield or hoops suspended on a rope, the children must hit the shield with their left and then with their right hand on the go.

Rules. The winner is the one who will have more hits from three or five throws with the right and left hand.

Methodical instructions. The distance from the child to the shield must be at least 5 m.

Change the checkboxes.

Task. Exercise children in a fast pace of skiing.

Description. The players are divided into two columns. Each child must walk a distance of 10 m to the flag, take the flag and put another one in its place in color.

Rules. The team that changed the colored flags first wins.

Methodical instructions. Offering children a quick glide, the teacher monitors the quality of the movement.

Be careful.

Task. To consolidate the skill of moving along the plain, to develop attention. This game is played with children of the middle group.

Description. Children move along the training track. At the signal of the teacher (raises multi-colored flags), the children change the movement. For example, when the teacher raises a green flag, everyone walks, a yellow one - a sliding step, a red flag - everyone stops.

Rules. Children walk along the training track at a distance of 2-3 m from each other. The teacher is in the center of the circle.

Methodical instructions. For children of the middle group, 2-3 combinations of movements are given, for children of the older group - 3-4, and for children of the preparatory group for school, 4-5 variants of movements can be offered.

Follow me.

Task. Strengthen skiing skills with a gliding step at a fast pace.

Description. Children walk along the track in a circle with a sliding step. The teacher is behind the circle. Passing children, he selects two or three, touching them. Children leave the circle and ski after the teacher.

Through an obstacle.

Task. Strengthen the skill of moving on skis, overcome obstacles.

Description. On a straight track (50 m) there are obstacles (3-4): a gate made of ski poles, a log, etc. At the signal of the teacher, the child goes from the line to the flag. Having passed the obstacle, he takes the flag, waves it and puts it in place.

Rules. The next skier starts moving only when the one in front passes the first obstacle.

Methodical instructions. An element of competition can be introduced into the game (who will go through the obstacle better?), But in this case, the length of the ski track should be no more than 25-30 m, and the number of obstacles should be no more than two.

Centipedes.

Task. To consolidate the skill of sliding in the column.

Description. A group of children is divided into two teams and lined up in columns, one parallel to the other. The start line is marked in front of the columns, and the finish line is marked at a distance of 30-50 m. Each team is given one cord. Children standing on the right take the cord with their left hand, and those standing on the left with their right. At the signal of the teacher, the columns (“centipedes”) run forward to the finish line without releasing the cord.

Rules. If one of the children accidentally releases the cord, then the leader of the column must stop and wait until everyone takes the cord. The game is considered over when the last skier crosses the finish line (“when the centipede finishes the path”).

Methodical instructions. The game is played with children who have good skiing skills.

SLOPE GAMES

Don't drop it.

Description. Going down, shift from hand to hand in front of you and behind your back some object.

Methodical instructions. The task is performed only by those children who have mastered the skill of descent.

Descent by waving a colored flag.

Task. Strengthen the skill of descent.

Description. Children stand on a slope, each child has a colored ribbon on their jacket. At the wave of a colored flag, for example, a red flag, children with red ribbons move out.

Rules. All children descend at the same time, who have a colored ribbon of the same color as the flag.

Look out the window.

Task. Strengthen the skill of descent.

Description. During the descent, the children hold a hoop in their hands. Having taken the correct position on the spot, the child descends, looking out the window (hoop).

Methodical instructions. Follow the correct posture when descending.

Catch the item.

Description. Going down, the children throw an object (cotton bag) to each other.

Rules. If an object falls, it is forbidden to pick it up.

Methodical instructions. The item should be elongated and soft, it is best if it is a soft bundle of rags.

Hit the target.

Task. Strengthen the skill of descent, develop dexterity.

Description. When descending, hit the target with a snowball (shield, suspended hoop).

Rules. The one with the most hits out of four rolls wins.

There are few skiers who will limit their outing to a walk on the plain without skiing down the mountain. And there are always ups and downs along the way. How to overcome them? First of all, let's learn how to climb a hill. To shorten the path, you can climb straight up the slope, "on the forehead." The path obliquely and in zigzags requires less effort. Gentle climbs are overcome with a sliding step, characteristic of alternating moves. With increasing steepness, the load on the hands increases. On steeper slopes they climb in stepping steps, with the slamming of skis. Steep hills pass by placing skis in a "herringbone" or "ladder".

We climbed the mountain, we can go down. How? A determined person, without much thought, will spread his legs wider, hold the sticks in his palms tighter - and down. A cautious skier will look at the slope, hesitate, but in the end, too, will ride with his legs wide apart, arms outstretched in front of him as if holding the reins.

How far will they go? .. To the first hillock or ditch. And then you have to remember the rules of a proper fall, fall on your side, spreading your arms wide, although some ruthless force seeks to stick your head into the snow or throw it on your back.

This force is inertia, it always manifests itself when the direction of movement or speed changes. Remember how in transport you are pressed to the seat when starting off, when braking it throws you head first, and when turning it fills you up to the side. The same thing happens on skis, where everyone absorbs and fights the forces of inertia on their own. To do this more successfully, descend in the so-called main stance, which provides the most stable position of the body and the best conditions for an instant response to changes in terrain and speed of descent.

The main stance is taken with the parallel position of the skis, spaced at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. One leg is pushed forward half a foot (stretching). The body is forward, the knees are bent so that they cover the toes of the boots. On alpine skis, pressure should be felt on the toes, on flat skis - on the front ski. The arms are bent at the elbows, lowered down. Brushes with clamped sticks somewhat in front and below the waist, rings of sticks over the snow. Work out this pose first on the spot, squatting elastically several times, bending your knees at the same time.

Vigorous squats-straightening on the go is one of the conditions for stability during the descent. Another important rule is to maintain the center of gravity of the body above the area of support, above the boots.

The main rack serves as the starting point for other types of racks. The low stance is adopted by increased flexion of the knees and hip joints. A high stance is obtained by straightening these joints. Front - when applying the center of gravity of the body to the toe of the boot. Back - by shifting the center of gravity to the heels, pulling the knees back. With a narrow stance, the skis stand close to each other, normal - at a distance of 10-15 cm and wide - at shoulder level. The most important thing in all positions is the relaxation of the upper body with elastically movable knees. Therefore, before descending, it is useful to rock up and down on your feet, giving the body forward. Then you can easily push with sticks and ... happy descent.

To begin with, choose a medium-slope hill with a safe roll-out - a platform where you can stop without resorting to braking. What does medium mean? For comparison, we recall that the inclination of the subway escalators is 30°, and the slope of the ski jump exceeds 40°. For a beginner skier, a hill with a steepness of 10-15 ° and a length of about 50 m is suitable.

To work out the main rack, it is enough to do 10-20 descents. Pay special attention to the final stage. Do squats only by bending your knees and ankles. Beginners strive to do this mainly by lowering the pelvis, leaving the legs straight. As a result, the center of gravity shifts beyond the support area and everything ends with a fall on the back.

When sliding down the slope, speed is gained, an inertial force arises that pushes the skier back. To compensate for its action, you need to move forward the center of gravity of the body. Instead, the beginner begins, as it were, to rest against the slope: the shoulders go forward, the arms are stretched up, the legs straighten, diverge to the sides, the pelvis moves back. As a result - chaotic waving of hands and falling.

If the transition from slope to landing is abrupt, the centrifugal force will push you and your skis against the slope. The friction between skis and snow will increase, the movement will slow down greatly, and the center of gravity will cross the front boundary of the support area. The result is a head first fall. The fact that this happens to experienced skiers is hardly a consolation. Oppose the movement of the center of gravity of the body back to the emerging force of inertia, making the so-called squat. A sharp, due to bending the knees, squat will reduce the pressure on the skis, the speed will decrease more smoothly. At the same time, push one leg forward, thus shifting the center of gravity of the body back and neutralizing the effect of the force of inertia pushing forward.

Modern high plastic ski boots significantly help to maintain anteroposterior balance, and on flat skis it is regulated by the size of the gap.

Have you mastered the skill of moving downhill in the main stance? It is enough to go down on one ski, lifting the other above the snow. If the knee of the loaded leg is not sufficiently bent, the body is not forward, it will not be possible to go down.

So, you are already familiar with the descent from the mountains of different steepness. But every time you do this, you have to solve a painful task: how to stop? You can slow down and stop the movement in various ways, except for falling, which we have already talked about.

Plow braking. Going down a gentle slope at low speed, from the main stance, start pressing the backs of the skis to the sides, leaning on the slope with the inner ribs, or, as they say, the edges of the skis. At the same time, the knees are bent, the body is fed forward. You sort of sit on the toes of the skis, not allowing them to cross, keeping them at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. The steeper you put the skis, the greater the load on your legs, the stronger the braking will be.

Semi-plough braking, or emphasis, will not be difficult if you have mastered the previous method well. Here one leg goes straight or at a slight angle to the direction of movement, and the whole weight of the body is transferred to the other, set aside and placed on the edge. The knee of the loaded leg is strongly bent, as if sitting on a ski, actively braking to a stop.

Oblique downhill is the next important stage in the training of a beginner skier, especially an alpine skier. Here the main element is mastered - the ability to transfer body weight on one ski. When descending the slope obliquely in the main stance, the weight of the body is transferred to the ski located below the slope. The upper ski is brought forward 10-15 cm and loaded by about 1/3 of the body weight. The upper shoulder and arm are somewhat brought forward. The steeper and harder the slope, the more you should load the lower ski. To do this, the knee of the leg, standing down the slope, is served to the mountain. Oblique descent is mastered in motion, 10-16 descents in each direction.

Having learned to go down from a place, proceed to the development of slipping in motion. During an oblique descent, start placing your skis so that their sliding surface is completely in contact with the snow. Crouching slightly before this, quickly straighten up and send the backs of both skis down the slope, moving them with a lateral movement of the ankle joints. The speed of sliding forward and down is regulated by the degree of tilting of the skis. They stop slipping by sharply placing the skis on edge (edging), at the same time strongly bending the knees.

Next, you should make sure that the best way to brake is side slip. Here, much less effort is required than when braking with a plow. To slow down and stop when descending obliquely, they quickly crouch and at the same time push the backs of the skis to the side, trying to turn the skis across the movement.

Now you have already become the master of the situation, you know how to control the speed, you can slow down in front of an obstacle. The main secret of free skiing lies in the steady observance of the condition of maintaining the center of gravity of the body within the support area. With an increase in the steepness of the slope, move the body forward so that the center of gravity of the body remains on the perpendicular restored from the middle of the support area. With a decrease in the steepness, the center of gravity is fed back. This is achieved by the active work of the knees. When driving over bumps, not only the front-rear body feed is important, but also its vertical work. During the descent, strive to ensure that the center of gravity of the body moves as close as possible to a line parallel to the slope.

As already mentioned, overcoming any unevenness causes the appearance of inertial forces that violate the stability of movement. To extinguish them, bend and unbend the knees. Straight-legged descent makes it impossible for the skier to absorb shocks caused by uneven terrain and inevitably leads to a fall. To prevent this from happening, descend on elastically bent legs, in the position of the main stance, which allows you to quickly squat and get up when hitting an obstacle in the form of a mound or ditch.

They pass the hillock in a sharp squat, giving the body a little back. Before the obstacle, the knees are bent, after it the skis are immediately lowered, giving the body forward. They overcome the ditch by crouching in front of it, bending their knees forward. In the ditch, the legs are straightened, lowering down, when leaving, they squat again, giving the body back, stretching their arms in front of them at the level of the belt.

On straight descents, the skier overcomes the action of inertia forces and, if possible, extinguishes them as undesirable. When turning, inertial forces help the skier maintain stability.

Each turn includes four phases: preparation, entry into the turn, driving it and exiting the turn. The basis of the movement in this case is the ability to keep the weight of the body on one leg and correctly transfer it to the other when the skis change places.

In various stages of the turn, the position of the skier in relation to the slope changes, and hence the steepness to be overcome. At the top of the turn, the skis go along the steepest place, glide faster. In order to keep up with them, the body must be energetically pulled forward. At first, you will have to force yourself to dive under the slope in a turn. Having overcome such a purely psychological difficulty, it is easier to master the technical skills of turning.

Let us now consider the turns themselves, which skiers and skiers need to master in order to confidently and safely go down any slope.

Cross the turn and eat it at low speed when descending a ski track or a narrow road. Loading one ski, the other is torn off the slope and placed on the snow in a new direction of movement. Now this ski becomes a guide, the first one is attached to it. So in a few movements a person changes the direction of the descent. The greater the speed, there more often and more energetically you have to cross.

The movements of skating are more active when the stepping over is accompanied by repulsion by the supporting ski. She is placed on the edge, pushing with the leg, previously bent at the knee, energetically pushing the body forward. The shoulder is also brought forward, the same name with the leg unloaded during the push. Taking out the released ski, it is loaded with intensive bending of the knee, preparing for a new push.

Beginning skiers should pay special attention to mastering skating. This will help to learn the skills of moving the body forward in a turn and sliding on one ski, which are the foundation of modern ski technology.

Turning the plow allows you to confidently change the direction of movement on any slope, but with a large expenditure of effort. Starting the movement in the position of the plow, the skier transfers the weight of the body to one leg, bending it at the knee, moves the body forward, slightly turning his back inside the turn. Pressing down on the ski completes the turn. Sequentially transferring the weight of the body from one leg to another, make a series of turns. The use of modern ski equipment, in particular high boots, makes it quite easy to turn in the back stance, alternately creating strong pressure on the backs of the skis.

Rotate from stop widely used in a wide variety of conditions by beginners and experienced skiers. At the same time, beginners think that the main thing is to rest against the slope with their foot, and a sophisticated skier only outlines the position of the stop, considering the main thing is a quick and beautiful turn. To perform it, it is necessary in the movement of an oblique descent to load the leg located lower along the slope, bending it at the knee. Crouching on this leg, take the heel of an unloaded ski up the slope. At the same time, turn the body somewhat facing the slope, as if with your back to the center of the turn. Load the retracted ski gradually. At the top of the turn, extending the knee, send the body forward, transferring the weight of the body to the other ski. Bending the knee of the leg standing on the just loaded ski, attach the other to it, moving in the opposite direction of the oblique descent.

The ideal execution of a turn with an emphasis consists in quickly retracting the upper ski, transferring the weight from the lower one to it with a push and performing an arc by side sliding on parallel skis. The steeper the slope, the steeper you put the ski on the edge, on which the turn ends, squat more at the end of the arc.

With the improvement of the turning technique, the moment of emphasis, the retraction of the ski is minimized. In the future, the entrance to the turn can be made with a wide step, with a push, skating and, finally, with a slip.

Turning with an emphasis is first learned on the spot. From the main stance, begin to take the back of, for example, the right ski, focusing the weight on the left leg, bent at the knee. And vice versa. When retracting the ski to the slope, at the same time turn the body slightly so that after the end of the turn you will again be in the oblique descent stance, with the body turned away from the slope. Then the removal of the ski is carried out in an oblique descent, returning it to its original position.

Having learned to turn on a gentle slope, proceed to the development of turns in both directions along conjugated arcs.

Having mastered the movement on a bumpy ski track or slope, knowing what a side slip is, being able to make several turns with an emphasis, you can consider yourself a skier. For those who decide to go skiing, this is just the beginning, the basics of technology. Nevertheless, having mastered the initial techniques on small hills, having learned to feel free even on a small slope, you can safely go to big mountains.

Further improvement of skiing technique, transition to turns on parallel skis, descents at high speeds will require recourse to special manuals and training with a coach.

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