The absence of a firebox for coal or electricity in the house can always be compensated with the help of natural natural fuel - firewood. Moreover, this resource will be significantly cheaper compared to expensive natural gas. That is why many owners today refuse modern methods of heating and are looking for alternative heat sources. In these cases, a design such as a pyrolysis boiler can come to the rescue. It is quite possible to make such equipment with your own hands, but first you should consider in more detail what this device is and how it works.

General concept of pyrolysis

The principle of the pyrolysis boiler is the thermal decomposition of substances that have a complex chemical composition, while not entering into compounds with any other reagents. This means that the molecules of a particular element are split into lighter and elementary parts. This phenomenon is called pyrolysis.

Such a scheme is widely applicable in those private houses where there is no stationary heating. It should be noted that pure pyrolysis is distinguished by the fact that the decomposition of fuel into elements takes place without access to oxygen in a special vessel, and then the resulting gases enter the accumulator and, if necessary, are used.

The big advantage of such installations is that you can add materials for combustion directly during the operation of the device. In addition, this equipment is able to operate on any solid fuel and maintain the desired temperature for quite a long period of time.

The design of the pyrolysis combustion boiler

In such devices, the firebox consists of two parts. The first is a loading chamber - here, with a small amount of oxygen, the fuel burns and pyrolyzes, and all the gases released in the process burn out already in the second part of the device, called the combustion chamber. Secondary air enters there, and heat removal is very small.

The pyrolysis boiler is also distinguished by the fact that the separation of its two parts is carried out using a grate covered with briquettes. The incoming air passes through the wood from top to bottom, and it is this property that distinguishes this equipment from other household heating appliances.

Such boilers have a high resistance to aerodynamics, which makes it necessary to have forced draft, which is sometimes carried out with the help of a special smoke exhauster, and not a standard fan in such cases.

The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler

As you know, pyrolysis combustion boilers operate on the principle that wood decomposes under the influence of high temperature, eventually turning into coal (solid residue) and a volatile mixture.

As a result of the process taking place in the loading chamber, the generator gas is released, which, passing through the boiler nozzle, interacts with the secondary air and burns out. The temperature in this case is 1200 °C. The volatile mixture obtained as a result of the release crosses the convective part of the heat exchanger, giving up its main energy, and then is removed through the chimney of the device.

Both internal chambers of this equipment are covered with a special lining that prevents the penetration of fire. This makes it possible to increase the temperature inside the apparatus and create the most favorable and efficient conditions for burning wood.

Advantages of a wood-fired boiler

When making pyrolysis, it is important to remember the main advantages of this equipment, which distinguish it favorably from similar devices used for heating.

The large volume of the loading chamber and high efficiency make it possible to maintain the set temperature for a rather long period of time compared to traditional devices. There are models that are quite capable of working 24 hours with just one bookmark of fuel.

Pyrolysis boilers practically do not need to be cleaned, since soot is not formed during the combustion process, and the amount of ash obtained is minimal.

Combustion products in this equipment are less harmful to health when compared with other devices, since the amount of carcinogenic substances in them is significantly less. The mixture obtained at the outlet, for the most part, consists of carbon dioxide and water vapor, which can hardly be dangerous to human health.

Another indisputable advantage that a pyrolysis boiler for a home has is the ability to regulate power over a very wide range (from 30 to 100%). In addition, such a device has the function of waste disposal without air pollution, which has a positive effect on the environmental situation and the microclimate in the room.

Fuel used for pyrolysis combustion boilers

The optimal fuel used for such equipment is wood, which has a length of about 400-450 mm and a diameter of 100 to 250 mm. Together with solid logs, sawdust can also be burned, but such waste should not occupy more than 30% of the volume of the loading chamber.

It is best to use the material, the moisture content of which does not exceed 40%. This will not only make the device more efficient, but also extend its service life. Such protective measures are easy to explain: 1 kg of wood with a moisture content of 20% releases energy of 4 kW / h, and with a moisture content of consumables of 50%, the same volume can provide only 2 kW / h.

It follows from this that the heat and efficiency of fuel combustion directly depend on the amount of water contained in it: the more it is, the worse the result will be. Therefore, immediately before loading the wood, it is important to make sure that it is well dried and does not contain excess moisture.

Schemes for creating a pyrolysis boiler

To understand how much material to use during installation, it is recommended to seek help from special diagrams for the construction of such equipment. Various drawings of a pyrolysis boiler can always be found from specialists involved in similar work.

So, the diagram of this apparatus, as a rule, displays the location of the furnace, heat exchanger, as well as the area where water will be supplied.

It is very important to correctly connect all parts of the boiler in accordance with the drawing, so that the whole structure works properly and reliably. Do not forget that the coolant is air, which can heat the room at no extra cost. This fact allows you to save a significant part of the financial resources spent on heating, especially in comparison with other structures of a similar purpose.

Pyrolysis boiler making tools

To create this equipment yourself, you need to have a certain set of auxiliary materials available. In addition, it is necessary to collect as much information as possible about the work process, from consumables to assembly. After that, it is required to correctly calculate all the parameters in order to determine what the optimal type of combustion should be, suitable for a particular room, since there can be two of them: either with a slot burner or on a grate. All the materials necessary for installation can always be purchased at specialized hardware stores, since today there should be no problems with the choice.

So, the manufacture of a pyrolysis boiler requires the following tools:

• steel sheet 4 mm thick;
• iron pipe with the same parameter;
• a set of electrodes;
• round rod with a diameter of 20 mm;
• several pipes of a profile type;
• temperature control devices;
• sample;
• asbestos cord;
• fireclay brick;
• bolts and nuts acting as fasteners.

Self-assembly of the pyrolysis boiler

The algorithm of actions for the independent manufacture of such equipment must necessarily be based on the drawing of the pyrolysis process. The assembly process of this device takes place in several stages:

1. First of all, it is necessary to cut steel sheets and pipes, creating from them blanks for the boiler body, its furnace and cooler. In this case, it is important not to forget to process the edges of the material with the help and outline the areas for welding.
2. After that, you should prepare all the tools required to assemble the device.
3. Then you can start the process of creating the corpus. It passes according to the following principle: the end wall is laid on the welding table, after which the side faces held by spacers, the cover and the bottom are attached to it by means of spot seams.
4. Next, there should be a process of installing the boiler furnace, which inside the entire system is presented in the form of horizontal shelves, covered. Also, a throat pipe is attached to it, which performs the function of removing olefins.
5. After that, it is necessary to start assembling the filtration and gas cooling columns, which go through the furnace body and protrude slightly beyond its limits. They are based on pipes installed in pre-made holes in the body.
6. Then the installation of the second chamber of the boiler should be made, which should be connected to the cooling column. At the same stage, you can install a second wall parallel to the body in order to establish heating. It is separated from the first by means of a partition.
7. The assembly process continues with the installation of an air exchanger and a chimney pipe.
8. The last step is the installation of the last (front) wall of the case, equipped with doors and blowers.

This method of how to make a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands is the most proven and reliable, it is fast and relatively easy to work with.

Is it possible to make a furnace from a balloon?

Often, the owners, not having the necessary materials for assembly at hand, decide to design a boiler from improvised means. Particular attention is paid to the tank for liquefied gas, which has a round shape and is suitable in size. In addition, the wall thickness of such a vessel corresponds to the required parameters.

Nevertheless, it is not recommended to make a pyrolysis boiler from a gas cylinder. This is primarily due to the fact that the body of such an apparatus consists of standard steel, which does not tolerate heat and other chemical influences even at room temperature.

However, you should not completely abandon the cylinder, since it can play the role of a hot water storage tank in a small private house, in addition, due to its small size, heating will be performed quickly, and its shape will retain heat for a long time even when using the simplest insulation. But if you decide to use such a cylinder, the drawings of the pyrolysis boiler will be completely superfluous - then it is better to refuse to install it.

Required operating conditions

The operation of a pyrolysis boiler, like any other device that operates when exposed to fire, is certainly associated with some risk. Therefore, it is important not only to properly equip the entire system, but also to take care of the safety rules.

So, when making a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands, you need to take into account the following points:

• installation must be carried out exclusively in non-residential premises;
• it is desirable that the base under the boiler be made of concrete or brick in order to avoid excessive heating of the coating;
• the device should be positioned so that it is no closer than 30 cm from the walls and objects in the room;
• it is important to provide a room with a boiler with high-quality ventilation so that the fumes released during operation come out.

In addition, it is important to remember one more thing: after the installation of the equipment, it is extremely important to insulate its chimney with mineral wool so that tar and condensate do not accumulate inside the pipe.

Alternative to pyrolysis boiler

Despite the well-regulated method of manufacturing such a device, some owners have found ways to make it using other materials.

According to many, it makes no sense to design a boiler with a power of less than 15 kW. But sometimes you don’t want to create such massive samples, especially if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is small. It is for these purposes that there is an option to create a pyrolysis furnace, similar in its properties and external characteristics to a boiler. You should not worry about the functioning of such equipment, since the principle of fuel combustion in it is similar.

To make this sample, you will need the following series of materials:

• fireclay brick;
• fan;
• a sheet of steel about 4 mm thick;
• ceramic brick;
• doors used for blowing and combustion chambers;
• cast iron grates;
• lever type thermostat.

Such a furnace is an alternative to the standard pyrolysis combustion boiler and is fully suitable for installation in any room. If you want to save money, such a device will become indispensable and will make it possible to heat the entire building with high quality and for a long time.

The current market for heating appliances is striking in its diversity, but, according to many experts, gas-generating solid fuel boilers are the most efficient and practical. They have a fairly high efficiency, in some models up to 90% or even higher. The principle of operation of a solid fuel gas-generating boiler is to use "slow" combustion in conditions of lack of oxygen. As a result, a large amount of combustible gases are formed, which are then burned in the second chamber. Firewood, peat briquettes, straw, coal, pellets, sawdust, and household waste can be used as fuel.

Pyrolysis heating boilers are in fairly good demand, however, their cost is far from accessible to everyone. Depending on the type of construction, the power of the unit and the manufacturer's company, offers start from 500€. Therefore, many craftsmen try to make such a boiler on their own.

Despite the fact that the design of the pyrolysis boiler is quite complicated, it is quite within the power of anyone who knows how to handle a welding machine and understands the drawings. Before starting manufacturing, it is worth understanding that they are all divided into units with an upper or lower synthesis gas combustion chamber. It depends on the way these same gases are supplied to the secondary combustion chamber: when, obeying the laws of physics, they rise up on their own, then this is a boiler with an upper afterburner chamber, and if the combustion products are lowered into the lower furnace by forced pressurization and burn there - this is a design with a lower chamber.

It should be understood that boilers with a lower afterburner have not only a more complex design, but will also require additional costs for the purchase of a fan that provides the required direction of gas movement. Therefore, it is faster and cheaper to make a boiler with an upper pyrolysis chamber.

Boiler design with upper chamber

If you do not dive into the depths, the essence of the work is as follows:

Required for work

Technique:

• a set of drawings or at least a schematic diagram indicating a sufficient number of dimensions;
• welding machine, 2-3 packs of electrodes;
• large and small angle grinders (if there are none, you can take a regular jigsaw, it will take longer);
• several cutting and a pair of grinding wheels Ø 125 and 230 mm (or a couple of metal files for a jigsaw);

Materials:

• pipe 130 cm long and Ø 50 cm, thick. walls - 3 mm;
• pipe 150 cm long and Ø 45 cm, thick. walls - 3 mm; if you don’t have these, then you can take a couple of sheets of metal 1250x2500x2.5 mm and find a company where they are rolled, then make 2 pipes by welding;
• pipe Ø 5.7–6 cm and 120 cm long;
• two rings Ø 50 cm and a width of 2.5 cm (can be cut from a sheet of metal, or can be bent from a corner of 25x25 mm);
• a sheet of metal for the manufacture of a loading door and a hatch for cleaning ash;
• two sets of hinges, handles, latches;
• a couple of pieces of a channel or a corner for making legs and an impeller;
• asbestos cloth for laying in the doors (so that they do not get very hot and to reduce heat loss);
• asbestos cord for sealing the firebox door and ash pan hatch;

Manufacturing process

We manufacture the boiler body:

Now let's start making the air distributor.

The air distributor is ready. We cut out a circle Ø 50 cm from a sheet of metal, in the center of which we cut a hole Ø 7–8 cm. Insert the air distributor into the boiler, thread the upper end of the pipe into the hole and tightly weld the top cover of the boiler. We attach a cable to the air distributor loop with which the distributor will rise and fall through the block.

That's it, the do-it-yourself long-burning pyrolysis boiler is ready, you can start testing. The Stropuva or Buran boilers have the same design, only a little more complex, reviews of which are very good.

The video shows another version of the boiler with an upper furnace for burning pyrolysis gases. Here, the separation of the furnaces is already clearly visible and even the combustion process itself is demonstrated.

There is another boiler of a similar design and principle of operation. It's called, maybe you'll like it better.

Pyrolysis boiler with bottom chamber

The scheme of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler with a lower wood gas afterburner is somewhat more complicated and its manufacture will require a little more cost and effort.

First of all, you need to understand that boilers of this type also come in two types: with pressurization and with a smoke exhauster. Without going into details of physics and heat engineering, we will denote a fundamental difference.

In the first case, secondary air is forced into the afterburner chamber by means of a fan. This creates an excess pressure (above atmospheric) in the chamber. The advantages of this design include the fact that any fan will suit you, even a computer cooler and you can combine the firebox with an afterburner, because with the help of pressurization you can provide a fairly large amount of excess air. However, this “advantage” can also be considered as a disadvantage, since it does not allow raising the boiler efficiency above 80–82%. Under pressure, part of the air simply does not enter the middle of the combustion process, because the fuel does not burn completely. Plus, due to excess pressure, some of the pyrogases simply do not have time to burn out and fly into the chimney in their pure form, so it is almost impossible to ensure an efficiency of 90%. And most importantly, if the boost is too strong, such a boiler may explode.

In the second case, with the help of an exhaust fan, insufficient pressure is created (below atmospheric), so the outside air, obeying the Coriolis force, gets right where it needs to be, screwed into the very center of combustion. The prirogas burn out completely, the boiler operates at full power and is capable of delivering an efficiency of 90%, and sometimes even more.

Boilers with a lower combustion chamber are structurally much more complicated. One of them, which is made by a master welder, is shown in the video.

Installation of pyrolysis boilers

When installing a heating system, it must be remembered that pyrolysis boilers cannot be installed in residential premises, in addition to a potential health hazard, failure to comply with this requirement also threatens with a fine from the relevant services. Therefore, the arrangement of the boiler room should be puzzled in advance. When installing the boiler yourself, it is imperative to follow the fire safety rules:

By adhering to these simple rules, you will not only avoid trouble, but also ensure the high-quality operation of your do-it-yourself pyrolysis boiler.

solid fuel boiler- one of the most common sources of heating in many regions of the country. Of course, this is not the most convenient way to heat a house. Heating a job with electric heaters is very expensive, and not every family can afford to pay huge electricity bills.

Pyrolysis boilers are the most economical and efficient way to heat large houses. Moreover, these boilers are considered "omnivorous": they can be heated with firewood, pressed sawdust, woodworking scraps.

A finished boiler costs quite a lot, but if you make such a stove with your own hands, you can save a lot of money.

Pyrolysis combustion of wood is called the thermal decomposition of fuel without the participation of oxygen. At very high temperatures and in the absence of oxygen supply, burning wooden blanks decompose into two components: wood coke and pyrolysis gas.

After the solid fuel burns in the boiler furnace, the released pyrolysis gas enters the afterburning chamber, burning in it, releasing a very high temperature (300 - 800 ° C). The energy generated after the combustion of pyrolysis gas flows through the heat exchanger to the smoldering firewood, supporting the process of decay and the production of pyrolysis gas. Thanks to this circular process, pyrolysis boilers have a very high efficiency.

It is also worth noting that during high-temperature pyrolysis fuel combustion, all harmful impurities are converted into generator gas and subsequently decompose at high temperatures, so that the smoke from the pyrolysis boiler does not contain carcinogens and harmful impurities. Because of this feature, it is allowed to burn rubber, polymers, chipboard and fiberboard trimmings in furnaces. But, impurities should not be more than 20%.

The operation of the pyrolysis boiler can be divided into 4 stages.

1. The first stage is drying and decomposition of wood into solid and gaseous components (temperature 420 degrees).
2. The second stage is the combustion of pyrolysis gas together with the injected secondary air (temperature 600 degrees).
3. The third stage is the blowing of the flame and the return of heat (the temperature is more than 1000 degrees).
4. The final stage- removal of combustion products through the chimney (temperature - 160 degrees).

Video - The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler

The design of the pyrolysis boiler

The design of the finished pyrolysis boiler consists of two combustion chambers: in the upper one, dry firewood burns out without oxygen, releasing pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis gas mixed with oxygen burns in the lower chamber, thereby achieving high temperatures. The chambers are separated by a special grate. With the help of a fan that blows secondary air through special channels, it is possible to regulate the output of the heating boiler.

The resulting heat heats the water, which is in the heat exchanger. From the heat exchanger, water enters the heating system of the house.

How to make a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands

The finished heating unit has a rather high price: some boilers cost more than $2,000. If you construct a boiler with your own hands, then the savings will be more than $ 1,400.

Materials for a homemade boiler

1. Sheet metal for the internal parts of the boiler, having a thickness of at least 0.4 cm. For the manufacture of the boiler, 8 m2 will be needed. You can save on metal thickness by using a 0.3 cm thick sheet for the case.
2. A metal pipe having a diameter of 6 cm, with a wall thickness of at least 3.5 mm. Pipe length - 8 m.
3. A metal pipe having a diameter of 16 cm, with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm. The length of the pipe is half a meter.
4. Refractory bricks for the grate - 15-18 pieces.
5. A metal pipe with a diameter of 3.2 cm, wall thickness - 3.2 mm. The length of the pipe is 1 meter.
6. A steel strip having a width of 2 cm and a thickness of 4 mm. A total of 8 meters of strip is required.
7. Professional pipe 6 cm × 3 cm, having a wall thickness of 2 mm. Length - 1.5 meters.
8. Professional pipe 8 cm × 4 cm with a wall thickness of 2 mm - 1 meter. Steel strip, 3 cm wide and 4 mm thick - 1.5 meters.
9. A steel strip having a width of 8 cm and a thickness of 5 mm. You need 1 meter.
10. Also, 6 packs of electrodes are required for welding the structure.
11. For cutting and grinding metal, cutting and grinding wheels are needed.
12. To create traction, it is recommended to purchase a fan.
13. You also need a temperature sensor to adjust the boiler power.

There is a possibility that other materials will be needed during the boiler assembly process, which will not significantly affect the cost and speed of assembly of the unit.

Boiler making tools

1. Drill.
2. Professional Bulgarian.
3. DC welding machine.

Video - Do-it-yourself pyrolysis boiler, detailed instructions

Explanations for the scheme

A - controller that maintains the set temperature;

B - the door of the loading chamber, into which solid fuel is placed;

C - the door of the ash pan, in which ash accumulates;

D - chimney or fan that creates artificial draft;

E - coupling in which the temperature fuse sensor is located;

F - branch pipe for connecting an emergency valve;

G - window for air supply;

H - supply of cold liquid to the heat exchanger;

K - supply of hot liquid;

L - outlet for secondary air into the combustion chamber;

M - a tank with hot water and a distributor for connection to the heating system of the house.

In the manufacture of a pyrolysis boiler, it is recommended to adhere to this scheme. This boiler is designed to heat a residential area of ​​​​100 square meters. m. Also, when developing your own boiler scheme, it is important to calculate the appropriate power for heating a room of a certain area. The optimal power is 1 kW per 5 m2 of heated room area.

Safety requirements for installing a pyrolysis boiler in a house

1. The pipe through which smoke is removed must rise 40 cm above the roof of the building.
2. All parts of the chimney must be hermetically connected, excluding the possibility of smoke leakage.
3. The boiler must be located in a non-residential area.
4. The distance from the unit to the wall must be at least 70 cm.
5. When placing the heater, it is recommended to install it in level, avoiding tilting to the side.
6. In front of the combustion chambers, metal sheets should be laid on the floor of the room.
7. It is not recommended to heat the boiler for more than 11 hours a day. Even metal parts at constant high temperatures quickly become unusable.
8. Extinguishing the fire in the boiler with liquids is prohibited.
9. Do not open the boiler doors while the unit is running.

What is the advantage of a pyrolysis boiler

1. Long-term autonomous heat generation due to the large loading chamber and the circular circulation of energy, which increases the efficiency.
2. The release of a small amount of harmful impurities in the smoke, the absence of carcinogens that are harmful to health.
3. Use of inexpensive fuel: firewood, wood trimmings, pressed sawdust, pellets.
4. Ability to burn hazardous waste: polymers, rubber.

Disadvantages of pyrolysis boilers

1. Quite large due to the large loading chamber.
2. The high cost of the finished unit.
3. Use only dry fuel.
4. Connection to the network of a fan that creates and enhances traction for a circular circulation of energy.

Of course, saving money on installing a homemade heating boiler is quite attractive and profitable. But, if a person has no idea how all assembly and installation work is carried out, it is better to entrust this matter to specialists.

Currently, pyrolysis boilers are quite widespread. This is due to the fact that as a result of two-stage combustion of solid fuel, its complete combustion occurs. This greatly increases the efficiency by almost 90-92%. What are these boilers? What does the pyrolysis boiler connection diagram look like? You can find answers to these questions in this article.

Pyrolysis boiler - what is it?

Pyrolysis boiler is a kind of solid fuel boilers. As a rule, this is the case. In this device, the combustion of solid fuel and the volatile substances that come out of it is carried out separately.

Fuel types

As fuel for pyrolysis boilers, you can use:

• Peat, fuel briquettes.
• Furniture waste.
• Waste from timber processing, sawdust.
• Various firewood: spruce, linden, pine, birch, alder, oak, etc.
• And many other types of solid fuels.

Operating principle

Before considering the diagrams and drawings of pyrolysis boilers, it is necessary to understand the principle of their operation. So, in the process of fuel combustion (in other words, dry distillation) under the influence of a high temperature regime (about 200-800 ° C) and an insufficient amount of oxygen, wood is decomposed into two parts: a volatile part (pyrolysis gas) and a solid precipitate

The scheme of the pyrolysis boiler assumes that at the top of the chamber it will accumulate which, with the air flow created by the smoke exhauster, will be sent for afterburning to another chamber. This is an exoteric process, accompanied by the release of heat, with the help of which heating is improved, the fuel is dried in the boiler, and the air entering the combustion zone is also heated. The mixing of the pyrolysis gas released at a high temperature with air oxygen causes the combustion process of the first, which is subsequently used to generate thermal energy.

Efficiency

How effective the pyrolysis boiler circuit will be, as well as its operating time, will depend on many factors:

• Fuel type and humidity.
• Thermal insulation of the building.
• Room temperature.
• Air temperature outside.
• Accuracy of design work in relation to the heating system.

Naturally, unlike conventional boilers, gas generating equipment is much more efficient. Since when burning wood it is impossible to obtain such high temperature indicators as in the process of gas obtained from it. The gas combustion process provides for the use of a smaller volume of air. In this regard, the burning time and temperature increase. It should also be noted that the control of the pyrolysis gas combustion process is much simpler.

Advantages

So, the scheme of the pyrolysis boiler has the following advantages:

Flaws

1. Energy dependence - does not work well in the absence of a supercharger or smoke exhauster.
2. Higher cost - about 1.5-2 times.
3. At low loads (less than 50%), unstable combustion is noted, tar formation is possible in the gas ducts.
4. Such devices are demanding on the moisture content of the fuel.
5. The wood-burning scheme of the pyrolysis heating boiler excludes the organization of automatic fuel supply.
6. To prevent low-temperature corrosion and condensation in the gas path, the return water temperature must be at least 60 °C (rarely 40 °C). However, this problem is solved by mixing direct water with return water.
7. Compared to gas and electric devices, the overall dimensions of these boilers are much larger. This aspect must be taken into account when choosing an installation location.

Fuel used

It is necessary to use wood as fuel, the diameter of which is 100-250 mm, and the length is 380-450 mm. should be 30×300 mm in size. In the process of burning firewood, it is allowed to use small sawdust. However, they should be added no more than 30% of the total volume of the loading chamber. Only in this case, the scheme of a home-made pyrolysis boiler will be effective. In addition, these devices are capable of burning wet wood, but on condition that their moisture percentage is not more than 40.

To ensure the operation of such a boiler at maximum power, it is necessary to use only dry fuel. Since the ability of fuel to release energy is determined taking into account the presence of water in the wood.

Pyrolysis boiler assembly scheme

Before assembling this heating installation with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the diagram. If you do not have any knowledge in this area, you do not need to try to do everything from scratch on your own. It is enough to take the finished drawing and make small adjustments to suit your own requirements. Get a diagram specifically for your equipment. In the specialized literature, you can find schematic diagrams and drawings of pyrolysis boilers.

Essential elements

For example, let's take the finished scheme of the Belyaev boiler with a power of 40 kW. It contains the following main elements:

Of course, having experience and some engineering knowledge, you can easily change the design of the boiler. The connection diagram of the pyrolysis boiler can be modified at your discretion. However, work must be done in such a way as not to violate the dimensions of the inner chamber.

Tools and materials

To mount such a unit on your own, you will need the following set of tools and materials:

• Thermal sensor.
• Fan.
• Strips of steel of various thicknesses and widths.
• A set of professional pipes with a diameter of 2 mm.
• Sheets metal 4 mm thick.
• A set of pipes of various diameters.
• with a diameter of 230 mm.
• Grinding wheel with a diameter of 125 mm.
• Manual (Bulgarian).
• Several packages of electrodes.
• Welding machine.
• Electric drill.

If you plan to make your own pyrolysis boiler, then the recommended steel thickness should be 4 mm. To save money, you can use steel 3 mm thick. For the manufacture of the body of the device, you will need durable steel that can withstand high temperatures.

Pyrolysis boiler - manufacturing scheme, main stages

To independently assemble a gas generator, you must adhere to the following requirements:

An excellent option would be to share a pyrolysis boiler not with classic water heating, but with air heating systems. As a result, air will be transferred through pipelines and returned to the system through the floor. Such a system has numerous advantages: it does not freeze in severe frosts, there is no need to drain the coolant when the owner leaves.

• The installation of the pyrolysis unit must be carried out with the strictest observance of fire safety requirements. This device involves combustion processes that are characterized by high temperature indicators.
• The boiler room should be located in a separate non-residential premises.
• To maintain proper air ventilation, an opening of 100 cm 2 must be provided.
• The unit is mounted on a brick or concrete base.
• For the firebox, protection must be installed in front of the chambers. It is a metal sheet 2 mm thick.

This completes the independent installation of the pyrolysis boiler. As you have already noticed, there is nothing complicated in this. The main thing is that the detailed scheme of the pyrolysis boiler is correctly done. If you are not confident in your own abilities, then you should not tempt fate - contact the professionals.

User manual

Air supply can be done in two main ways: by the injection method or by the exhaust method (use of a smoke exhauster). The use of the injection option allows you to adjust the flow power, which allows you to control the intensity of combustion, the process of transition from smoldering to the issuance of maximum power in a short period of time.

As for smoke exhausters, today they produce such designs that can provide vacuum draft, capable of carrying out the pyrolysis process without heat loss.

The most economical mode of operation of the boiler is when the water is heated up to 60 °C. If all conditions are met, then this temperature is reached after 30-40 minutes.

The normal functioning of the heating system directly depends on the moisture content of the wood. It is not recommended to use firewood with a moisture content higher than 50%. The most optimal is the moisture content of firewood, equal to 25-30%. In order to achieve such a percentage of humidity, it is necessary to dry the firewood for a long time on ventilated areas, in special woodsheds, sheds (depending on the initial humidity and wood species).

When using firewood with a moisture content of 15-20%, compared to 50% moisture, the power increases by about 2 times. However, in natural conditions it is quite difficult to obtain such humidity. It will take approximately 1.5-2 years. Therefore, immediately after the end of the heating season, it is necessary to start harvesting firewood.

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In the absence of coal and the main gas pipeline, as well as due to the high cost of electricity, the problem with heating can be solved by making a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands, working on wood.

Design features of pyrolysis equipment

The pyrolysis heating unit, depending on the location of the afterburner chamber, is of two types:

• with lower location;
• with top location.

Do-it-yourself pyrolysis plant is characterized by high aerodynamic resistance. For this reason, she needs forced traction. When the boiler is small, a fan is used for this purpose. If you plan to use a large pyrolysis unit, it is advisable to install a powerful smoke exhauster.

Advantages of pyrolysis heating equipment

A number of factors affect the efficiency of the heating equipment:

• temperature inside the house and on the street;
• the degree of insulation of the building;
• the design solution for creating a heating system and how well it was implemented;
• type and condition of the fuel.

Compared to traditional heating methods, do-it-yourself pyrolysis is more efficient, and there is no need for a significant amount of air in the process of burning firewood and burning the gases released during this process. As a result, the burning time increases and the temperature rises at the same time.

Distinctive features possessed by do-it-yourself pyrolysis boilers shown in the photo:

• prolonged smoldering of wood fuel, leading to a uniform distribution of heat (read also: "");
• minimal fire hazard;
• the maximum time period during which the house is provided with a comfortable temperature;
• the boiler on one tab of firewood functions for 18-28 hours;
• for heating, you can use any wood waste (sawdust, wood chips, etc.), as well as plastic and rubber (see the article: "");
• lack of soot;
• small cost of creating the unit.

Drawings of pyrolysis boilers

At the stage of preparation for the creation of a pyrolysis unit, it is necessary:

• study information regarding the features of such a heating system;
• make accurate calculations in order to know the optimal type of combustion;
• you also need to have drawings for home-made pyrolysis boilers.

Only high-quality piping of the heating unit and the correct selection of power for it will ensure the effective functioning of all elements of the system. To perform the strapping, a do-it-yourself pyrolysis boiler scheme is required.

The location of the boiler and the amount of materials are determined on the basis of calculations and drawings showing the constituent components of the heating system, including the elements of the coolant supply, heat exchanger and furnace.

Having drawings and corresponding calculations for a home-made pyrolysis boiler, the owner of the house or cottage can proceed with installation work and subsequent testing of the equipment (see also: ""). If everything is done in accordance with the design documentation, then after the assembly is completed, the boiler is able to start the heating system for a maximum of 45 minutes.

Construction of a pyrolysis boiler

To build home-made long-burning pyrolysis boilers from equipment, tools and building materials, you will need:

• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• electric drill;
• grinding wheels having a diameter of 12.5 and 23 centimeters;
• safe with two doors;
• refractory brick;
• 4mm steel sheet;
• electrodes
• doors necessary for the firebox and blower;
• cast iron grates (more details: "");
• round rod;
• exhaust fan;
• profile pipes;
• asbestos cord;
• thermostat;
• bolts and nuts.

How to make a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands, look at the video:

The original version of the boiler

The pyrolysis boiler can be installed even when its pipe is led below the roof level. The problem is solved by installing a smoke exhauster. At a distance of about 40 centimeters from the edge of the chimney, a knee is installed outward with a socket. If a corrugated tube is used, the elbow is connected to a fan, and then air will be forced into the chimney. See also: "".

A good basis for the boiler will be a two-door fireproof safe. Having got rid of everything that was inside, the doors are welded, after which 2 inserts are made. To increase the heat exchange area, a dozen and a half pipes are welded into the structure.
After that, a hole is cut out and the furnace neck is mounted. Inside the furnace, the lower corners are lined with refractory bricks to ensure the distribution of air flows through the grate.

The casing for the boiler is made of galvanized steel, in its lower part there is a blower and a grate. The door is equipped with a pipe with a rotary damper for primary air entry. Secondary air is supplied by means of a junction box located above the furnace door and connected to the boiler by three pipes brought into the unit strictly horizontally. Plugs are placed on the pipes from the end, and three rows of holes are drilled from below at a distance of 22-25 millimeters from one another with a diameter of 2-3 millimeters.