Tise wooden formwork for piles. Do-it-yourself tise column foundation

The Technology of Individual Construction and Ecology (TISE) is patented in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, has its own protective hologram and trademark. The author of the methodology, R. Yakovlev, created it in such a way that all operations will be performed in TISE with his own hands, but with a special tool, which are covered by his copyright.

The essence of the foundation of TISE is the device of the grillage of the house along the heads of the pillars, which have a broadening of the sole. Therefore, some individual developers consider them piles, since wells are drilled by analogy with bored structures. However, the depth of the supports of the columnar foundation is always less; there are no broadenings on piles.

The creator of TISE technology laid a columnar grillage in it in order to exclude the effect of heaving forces on the foundation:

• deepening of piles below the seasonal freezing of the region;
• small area of ​​contact with the ground of the side surface of the racks;
• replacement of heaving soil with crushed stone in the building spot and beyond its perimeter by 1.5 - 2 m, if necessary.

Yakovlev received a patent for the original design of the TISE foundation, combining the advantages of piles and pillars:

• in the classical way, it is possible to make pillars with a widening of the heel by drilling a hole of a larger diameter, filling the sole and installing a smaller tubular formwork on it;

A column with a broadening of the heel in a well of obviously larger diameter.

• however, in this case, it will be necessary to fill the sinuses of the well with non-metallic material, creating with your own hands a man-made zone with high drainage properties, in which perched water will inevitably accumulate, and the calculated resistance of the soil adjacent to the pile body and, accordingly, the bearing capacity of the structure will sharply decrease;
• when using a typical pile without widening the sole, it will be necessary to increase the depth of occurrence, since the reinforced concrete rack must rest on the bearing layer, which is usually located much deeper than 2 m, which is already enough to pass the freezing mark and exclude the buoyancy forces of clay soils from below the sole;

At the same time, vertical reinforcement is preserved inside the rack, therefore, calculations of the bearing capacity show that a one-story frame house may well rely on 2-3 TISE racks. This provides a multiple margin of safety for the building.

The only problem when choosing a technology for building a house is the lack of equipment that can expand the bottom hole. The original TISE drill costs from 3.5 - 5 thousand, depending on the diameter, many individual developers prefer to save money and construct from improvised materials.

Original TISE drill designed by Yakovlev.

Site preparation

Pile and column grillages allow you to do without planning the territory. However, it will be necessary to demolish buildings and foundations that interfere with the construction of dwellings, uproot stumps and trees, the roots of which are dangerous for underground structures.

If the house is planned on an undermined area (a fresh embankment prone to soil subsidence), you can replace part of the soil with crushed stone or other non-metallic material. But, for piles, wall drainage and insulation of the blind area, foundation are not needed.

markup

Since the house rests on a columnar hanging grillage, it is necessary to bring three axes to the building spot for each load-bearing wall:

• in the center of the piles - to drill wells;
• along the outer and inner edges of the grillage - for the installation of formwork panels.

In a foundation with a grillage, the amount of excavation is minimal, site planning is required only on a complex landscape in order to correct large relief differences. However, a prudent owner can remove the entire fertile layer (usually 0.4 m deep) to use it in beds or in landscape design. In any case, it is done in stages:

• cast-offs are made (2 pieces for each wall) - vertical rack-pegs with a horizontal bar;
• cast-offs are mounted 1.5 m from the corners of the building - horizontal strips are aligned at a single level, 3 cords are attached to each of them, which can be removed at any time, then installed back according to the marks.

Installation of cast-offs for the foundation of TISE.

The main façade is usually parallel to or at right angles to the street. After marking the building spot, it is necessary to measure the diagonals and achieve their complete coincidence with each other.

Important! The length of the cast-off posts should ensure the location of the horizontal crossbar 2–5 cm above the design mark of the upper face of the grillage. The length of the jumper is 10 cm longer than the width of the grillage.

This is necessary to fix the cast-offs once, and to be able to pull the cord repeatedly.

Well manufacturing

With a significant margin of safety of the foundation, it becomes possible to adjust the location of an individual pile in each row. For example, if a stone is encountered during drilling, the hole in the ground can be moved in a convenient direction without a general loss in the bearing capacity of the foundation of the house. The sequence of operations is as follows:

• leader holes - the creator of the method recommends making pits to a depth of 0.2 - 0.4 m with a bayonet shovel to immerse the drilling bit in its entirety;
• drilling - the plow is removed from the tool or fixed in a vertical position with a special stopper, after 2 - 5 rotations of the drill clockwise, depending on the composition of the soil, the receiver is filled with rock, it is removed and the earth is shaken to the surface;
• widening of the heel - when the design mark is reached, the plow is released at the face, the rotation is performed without vertical pressure, the knife crumbles the rock in a dome-like manner, the tool is periodically pulled out to the surface for shaking.

The technology of drilling a well with widening at the bottom.

The depth of the well is controlled by the length of the rod and additional extension pipes. The vertical is controlled by a bubble level, which is especially important on slopes. It is recommended to spill hard rocks with water, and crush large stones to a fraction of 5 cm, which the drill can handle on its own - they fit into the hole to capture the soil.

Advice! When manufacturing a dome-shaped broadening, the direction of rotation cannot be changed. For light buildings, 40 - 50 cm is enough; for heavy cottages, you should use all the capabilities of the drill and make a broadening of 60 cm.

When passing hard rocks, you can tilt the bar alternately in different directions or use a drill with a smaller plow diameter first.

Formwork and reinforcement

In order for the house to receive the maximum possible resource, according to the technologies given in. It is not allowed to use scraps of rolled metal (pipe, I-beam, channel), chain-link mesh and sheet iron. Piles must have:

• vertical reinforcement - rods of a periodic profile ("corrugated") with a thickness of 8 - 14 mm, protruding above the edge of the formwork by 40 cm;
• transverse reinforcement - frames made of smooth reinforcing bars with a diameter of 6 - 8 mm square or ring shape with a vertical frequency of 40 - 60 cm.

The vertical bars will later be bent at a right angle at the level of the lower and upper armo-belts of the grillage, and tied to them with wire twists. When placing reinforcement inside concrete, it is necessary to take care of a protective layer that will prevent metal corrosion when the structural material gets wet.

Therefore, the formwork is first installed in the well, and then reinforcing cages are mounted, on the rods of which plastic washers are attached to prevent contact of the metal with the inner wall of the formwork.

Foundation piles are cast in several types of formwork, depending on the construction budget:

• roofing felt - a piece of the desired length is cut off from the roll, twisted into a cylinder, the edges are fastened with a stapler, then the formwork is wrapped with knitting wire;

• asbestos-cement pipe - adds rigidity to the structure, but is not a waterproofing material, can be destroyed in groundwater;

• polymer pipe - more often polyethylene that is not afraid of solar ultraviolet radiation, less often PVC red sewer pipe for outdoor work.

Important! Manufacturers of polymer pipes produce a limited number of diameters, which must be taken into account when designing a columnar foundation and clarify the availability of the required assortment on the construction markets of the region.

The height of the formwork should be slightly higher than the sole of the grillage, but below its lower armored belt. Usually pile-racks are launched into the body of the grillage by 5 - 7 cm.

Concrete laying and maintenance

Due to the small diameter of the formwork, it is very difficult to lay the mixture into it - the concrete partially spills out. Problems are added by the vertical reinforcement of the pile of the foundation of the house, the protruding bars of the frame do not allow the installation of a funnel. Therefore, a funnel can be built from a piece of roofing material or cardboard in place, connecting the edges with wire or staples. The main points at this stage are:

• half filling the formwork with concrete;
• compaction with the tip of a deep vibrator;
• pouring to the design level;
• re-sealing with the same tool or bayoneting with a rebar.

To make the house durable, concrete care is necessary in the first three days:

• backfilling a column that begins to solidify with sand or sawdust;
• moisturizing with a watering can as needed.

It is impossible to cover the upper faces of the racks with a film, as this is prevented by reinforcing cages.

If the house has a basement, the piles can be moved apart to install gates and doors. Above the foundations with grillage, only ceilings on beams or from factory-made PC slabs are used. It is impossible to fill the floor on the ground. Therefore, on the outer walls, the load from the beams is less, since the beams rest on them at one end. For internal walls, it is advisable to reduce the step between the posts, since two beams lie on them at once.

Location of TISE piles

grillage formwork

To reduce the time of work of the zero cycle, the grillage formwork is started immediately after the concreting of the supports. To do this, the side cords are again pulled on the cast-offs, the middle string is not needed, as it will interfere with the leveling of the concrete mirror with a trowel or trowel.

Formwork technology for hanging grillage is as follows:

• deck manufacturing - they are knocked together from edged boards or constructed from plywood, OSB, wrapped in polyethylene so that these materials can be reused in partitions, truss systems or battens;
• installation of decks - holes for piles are made in the shields, then they are put on the bodies of underground structures sticking out of the ground, fixed at a given level by H-shaped racks with a frequency of 0.5 - 0.7 m;

Installation on the racks of the lower deck grillage.

• side formwork - since the cords are stretched above the design mark in a single horizontal level, vertical panels are installed flush with them, fixed on the lower deck with self-tapping screws;

Important! At this stage, it is not necessary to tighten the side shields with studs and fasten the internal struts. These operations are performed after laying the reinforcing cages.

Unlike MZLF, the height of the grillage is usually less. Therefore, inside it it is forbidden to manufacture ventilation products and communication input units that weaken the foundation structure.

The lower formwork shield can be replaced with the following structures:

• a layer of non-metallic material - usually sand 0.2 - 0.4 m thick with a compaction of 10 cm layers with a vibrating plate (it is not necessary to spill water, but it is necessary to moisten it from a watering can);

• extruded polystyrene foam - additionally insulates the structure, but is expensive;

Non-removable polystyrene lower deck grillage.

The sand is covered with a waterproofing material, which excludes leakage of cement milk into a layer with high drainage characteristics. After the grillage has gained strength, the material is removed from under it with shovels so that when the clay soil under it swells, the grillage is not torn off from the racks, on which the heaving forces do not act due to the small contact surface of the side walls.

Expanded polystyrene is a non-removable formwork, so it is necessary to choose a low-density PSB material. If swelling occurs, the soils will crush the insulation sheets without causing damage to the grillage. In the spring, the heaving will disappear, the material will return to its original position until the next frost.

Beam reinforcement

The grillage device on a columnar foundation allows you to distribute uneven loads of individual sections of the building (partitions, concentration of furniture and equipment). Unlike a strip foundation, the grillage should not have contact with the soil so that it is not torn off the pillars. The grillages are reinforced with frames reinforced at the joints of the walls with L-shaped or U-shaped anchors according to the technology:

• vertical rods of racks are bent at right angles - part at the level of the lower belt, the other - at the level of the upper belt;
• frames are laid inside the formwork, in which longitudinal bars of corrugated reinforcement with a diameter of 8–12 mm are tied with transverse and vertical jumpers or rectangular clamps bent from reinforcement of smooth 6–8 mm thickness;
• the outer corners are anchored with U-shaped or L-shaped elements, it is strictly forbidden to overlap the bars of adjacent walls, as this is a break in the reinforcement;
• to provide a protective layer, the frames are laid on the lower deck through polymer or concrete pads.

If necessary (for example, for log cabins and timber buildings), embedded elements (bolts, studs) are additionally installed.

Concreting and care

The grillage device is much simpler than a strip foundation, so the entire formwork is filled with a mixture in a circle. After that, the concrete is compacted with a bayonet or a nozzle of a deep vibrator. The air must come out of the mixture completely, cement milk is formed on the surface and all the rubble stones are sunk into the thickness of the concrete.

Standard care - the surface must be covered with a film from excessive dehydration or a wet compress should be provided in the first 3 days with sawdust watered from a watering can.

Waterproofing

Regardless of the soil on the site, the accessible surfaces of all reinforced concrete foundation structures should be protected with waterproofing material:

• built-up roll with a bituminous layer;
• painting from epoxy, polymeric or bituminous mastic;
• plaster from special waterproof mixtures;

Under severe geological conditions (clay or wet soil), this will provide protection from getting wet, the foundation will last longer.

Pickup grillage

The default hanging grillage device provides an underground in the house, which should be protected from excessive blowing, animal access and moisture accumulation. This space is not a full-fledged basement, but, for example, on the slopes it can be made exploitable by making a gate or a door in the fence.

Plinth siding, brickwork or sheet materials pasted over with flexible tiles. To do this, you need to make runs along the vertical elements of the foundation and fix the cladding on them, leaving ventilation ducts measuring 1/400 from the perimeter of the underground.

The perimeter of the building is a vulnerable point for the collection of storm and melt water. To protect the foundation elements from getting wet, a blind area is used:

• it must be attached to the pick-up through a damper tape;
• make a width of 10 cm more than the overhangs of the roof;
• give a slope of 4 - 7 degrees outward;
• install storm water inlets for roof drain pipes and storm drains into the outer perimeter.

Scheme of the foundation blind area using TISE technology.

Thus, the foundation of TISE has practically no restrictions on the geological conditions and topography of the site, wall materials of the cottage. The design is available for manufacturing on our own, but only with a special TISE drill with a folding plow.

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The foundation of TISE belongs to the group of pile supports. It is made using bored technology. This option is perfect for an individual house on heaving soils.

frost heave

The phenomenon of frost heaving is characteristic of clay soils, which include:

• sandy loam;
• clay;
• loams.

Heaving occurs when two conditions are present simultaneously: cold and moisture. Clay does not pass liquid well and accumulates it. In winter, the soil freezes to different depths, for some areas of the country this mark is more than 2 meters.

With frost heaving, the soil increases in volume and pushes out the foundations. The consequences will be uneven deformations, cracks on the walls, destruction.

The principle of the influence of the forces of frost heaving on the house

The universal foundation technology TISE allows you to deal with this phenomenon. The house on the foundation of TISE seems to cling to the ground. This is possible due to the broadening at the bottom. For large buildings, a TISE strip foundation is made. This technology is a combination. Here, both poles hooked into the ground and a tape that securely binds the entire structure together are included in the work.

Universal foundation TISE technology: advantages

Foundation construction is an important part of the work. Sometimes the estimate for the construction of the underground part is a third of the total cost. But with the right choice of foundation, you can significantly reduce labor and financial costs.

The foundation on TISE piles has the following advantages:

• good bearing capacity;
• no need for heavy equipment;
• reducing the cost of transporting materials and structures;
• an effective way to combat frost heaving;
• the ability to use at a high level of groundwater (GWL);
• simplicity of technology.

Regarding the last plus, it is necessary to give explanations. During construction in a swampy area, temporary dewatering will have to be performed for the duration of the work. This may incur additional costs.

Foundation scheme

The design also has other disadvantages. Disadvantages of the TISE foundation:

• the impossibility of arranging a basement or its high cost;
• increase in costs when working on coarse-grained soils;
• the need for special equipment (drill with folding knives).

Despite the shortcomings, do-it-yourself TISE foundation for your home is a reliable support for the building, good ecology and safety for humans.

Foundation calculation

Calculations consist in the selection of the optimal section, the pitch of the supports and the depth of support. For execution, you will need to prepare the initial data:

• type of soil on the site;
• building loads.

The calculation is performed in the same way as for other bored types. To understand what soils are located on the construction site, you will have to perform geological surveys. For this, manual drilling is carried out or pits are torn off - deep holes. The construction of the TISE foundation involves the study of the soil to a depth that is 50 cm higher than the estimated mark of the sole.

For calculations, we need not only the layer on which the support occurs, but also all the overlying ones. The pile foundation is calculated taking into account the support on the base at the lowest point and with the inclusion of lateral friction.

To collect the loads from the building, you will need to add the mass of all its structures:

• foundations (intended);
• walls;
• floors;
• partitions;
• roofs.

It also includes floor payloads from furniture, equipment and people, as well as snow on the roof. All values ​​are multiplied by a safety factor, which ranges from 1.05 to 1.4 depending on the type of loading. The main regulatory document used when calculating the mass of a house is the SP "Loads and Impacts".

Construction technology

This method of erecting buildings, in which broadening in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sole is provided, is not new for builders. The method has been used since the 18th century. But before it was not possible to use modern nozzles, so the well was developed using an unsafe explosive method.

Now on the construction market there are special tools that are equipped with folding knives. Upon reaching a certain mark, these devices recline, and the drill continues its work. The width of the expansion is on average set to 60 cm.

The foundation according to TISE technology must be supported below the freezing level. The exact mark of this level for each region can be found in special tables or maps.

TISE foundation technology is easier when working with sandy soils. Such material is easy to process. But most often on coarse or medium sands, simpler structures can be dispensed with: such foundations are not prone to frost heaving. It will be more difficult on clay soils, but it is for them that the option was created. Significant difficulties can be caused by large debris in the way of drilling, such as stones.

If during geological research groundwater is found close to the surface of the earth, a dewatering will be required. Temporarily, water can be pumped out with pumps. After pouring the concrete, the groundwater level does not matter, since the piles rest at a considerable depth and work well in swampy areas.

The TISE foundation technology practically does not differ from the conventional bored type. It includes several stages:

• clearing and marking the site;
• drilling of the wells;
• installation of reinforcing cages;
• pouring concrete;
• grillage construction.

The area under construction must be cleared of debris. After that, a blind area is constructed around the perimeter of the future building, to which a cord will be attached, showing the direction of the axes or walls of the building. For the manufacture of cast-offs, wooden racks and lintels are used.

Drilling of the wells

The construction of the TISE foundation differs significantly only at this stage. The operator is drilling. After the tool reaches the mark determined by the project, a special knife is thrown out. This knife works on traction, it continues to select the ground, but with a larger diameter.

The waste soil is collected in a special container and removed from the well. If necessary, a sand cushion is laid on the bottom, and a pipe made of roofing material is inserted into the well (from roofing is an outdated version). Such a pipe will prevent the flow of cement milk into the ground and the deterioration of the quality of concrete.

Reinforcement

The TISE pile-grillage foundation is reinforced with reinforcing cages. Working rods are located vertically. They are designed to compensate for bending loads. Most often, 4-6 rods of class A400 with a diameter of 10-14 mm are installed. The exact values ​​\u200b\u200bdepend on the mass of the house: the larger it is, the more powerful reinforcement is required.

To connect the working rods to each other, horizontal clamps made of reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm are used. They are placed in increments of 200-300 mm along the entire height of the pile.

The following requirements apply to fittings:

• compliance with the class and diameter;
• reliable fastening of the frame elements to each other for welding or knitting wire;
• absence of dirt, paint and rust on the surface.

If it is necessary to connect the reinforcement along the length, it is desirable with an overlap, which is assumed to be at least 20 diameters. The ends of the rods should extend above the edge of the pile for connection with the grillage.

Concrete works

It is recommended to use B15 concrete for concreting piles. It can be prepared independently from cement, sand, crushed stone (gravel) and water, but it is better to order the mixture at the factory. In this case, the material has a passport, and all proportions during preparation are strictly observed.

Concreting of each element is done in one go. Breaks in work will lead to the formation of seams - weakened areas. The work is done in two ways:

• manually;
• with a concrete pump.

If the second option is chosen, this must be reported to the concrete manufacturer. To work with special equipment, material with a P4 or P5 mobility grade is required. Otherwise, the mechanism may break.

After pouring, the mixture must be compacted without fail. This is necessary in order to remove air bubbles from the thickness. The seal is made by vibrating or bayoneting. For bayoneting, only a reinforcement bar is required, which mixes the mass of concrete.

Manufacturing grillage

The TISE foundation with a grillage allows you to build a reliable and rigid system. Since the technology is most often used for heaving soils, it is worth remembering the methods of combating heaving when making the strapping.

The grillage should not touch the ground. This is the only way to protect it from damage during frost heaving. Despite this, the design may be recessed. Two methods are used to make the harness.

The first is to raise the element off the ground. The size of the gap is assumed to be 10-15 cm. To do this, before pouring, a layer of sand of the required thickness is poured onto the surface of the earth. The grillage is made according to the usual technology using formwork. After pouring the structure, you will have to wait a few weeks for strength to set. At the end, the sand is removed from under the foundation, and the resulting gap is covered with decorative material.

Hanging grillage will eliminate soil pressure on the house

To make a recessed grillage on heaving soil, a damper layer is placed under the tape. For its manufacture, low-strength polystyrene foam 10 cm thick is suitable. When the soil buckles, the material is crushed, but does not transfer the load higher. Due to this, a detrimental effect on the grillage and its damage is prevented.
Monolithic strapping is made according to the type of strip foundation.

Working reinforcement with a diameter of 10-14 mm is placed horizontally. For vertical and horizontal clamps, 8 mm rods are used. To fill the grillage, it is worth taking concrete grades B15-B20, depending on the loads and the distance between the piles.

New requirements for the construction of housing, including private housing, are pushing developers to use innovative technologies, for example, to build a foundation using chise technology, which means ensuring the reliability of the building, savings on construction, a solid foundation and facilitated installation of the foundation of the house.

The abbreviation TISE stands for "technology of individual construction and ecology", and its principles are implemented on the territory of the countries of the former CIS. First of all, the technological process concerns specifically individual construction, since all construction operations are designed to be done by one's own hands, but with the help of specialized tools and equipment, the authorship of which is confirmed in the name of Yakovlev R.

TISE columnar foundation construction technology with grillage

The main principle in the application of TISE is the construction of a grillage based on the supporting pillars of the foundation with the expansion of the lower end (sole). The pillars for such a foundation cannot be considered full-fledged piles, although wells for them are drilled according to the same principle - the supports for the foundation foundation of TISE sink to a shallower depth, and the piles familiar to everyone do not have a widening in the lower part.

A distinctive feature of TISE is a columnar grillage. In practice, the chise foundation ensures complete leveling of heaving forces that try to put pressure on the foundation in the off-season and during freezing / thawing of the soil. What else distinguishes this building from the bases similar in functionality:

1. Piles (pillars, supports) are sunk below the level of soil freezing in the region;
2. The minimum area of ​​contact of the support with the ground along the side surfaces;
3. Heaving soils are replaced with gravel or crushed stone in the construction area of ​​the house and beyond it by 1.5-2 meters (to the distance of drainage and blind areas);

Another advantage that the tise pile foundation has is that supports with an extension in the lower end (heel) can be made using traditional technology, and when the pile (support) is deepened, it is much easier to drill a well wider than the diameter of the support. A heel is poured into the well, on which a tubular formwork with a diameter smaller than the sole is installed.

The free space in the well is filled with loose materials to create drainage around the support. If ordinary piles are used (without an expanded sole), then the drilling depth will have to be increased by plunging the pillars below the freezing level of the soil by at least 1 meter so that the expulsion forces of the heaving soil cannot act on the pile sole.

The support must be reinforced from the inside, which will give the foundation additional strength. So, do-it-yourself tise foundation for a one-story frame house can have only 2-3 TISE piles instead of 10-15 conventional submersible piles, which are driven in through 1-1.5 on all lines of load-bearing walls.

For an individual developer, the construction of such an innovative foundation is difficult in one way: how to expand the base of the well? Buying one specially designed for this purpose is very expensive for a one-time job, and this is the only drawback of the author's method, since you will have to build a home-made drill from improvised building materials.

Site preparation

Even on an uneven or sloping site, leveling and clearing the site is not necessary, and this is a great advantage of all individual pile or column foundations. Also, for the arrangement of columnar supports, it will not be necessary to equip the drainage near the walls of the foundation, insulate the blind area and the base. When the building is supported on a suspended columnar grillage, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure must have at least three load axes for each of the load-bearing walls of the house:

1. In the center of the supporting pillars for drilling a well;
2. Along the outer border of the concrete grillage for arranging the formwork;
3. On the inside of the grillage.

For step-by-step marking of the site, you must:

1. Make pegs with a bar nailed on top - cast-offs. They need two pieces for each side of the foundation;
2. Install cast-offs at a distance of 1.5 m from the corners of the perimeter of the house and pull cords between them.

Important! The pegs should be of such length that the horizontal planks pass 2-5 cm above the level of the grillage, and the total length of all planks is 10 cm more than the width of the grillage tape. This condition is observed so that the cord can be pulled over the same pegs many times.

The sequence of drilling and placement of wells and piles is as follows:

1. According to the author's technology, the universal foundation of the tisé technology should have the so-called leader holes - these are small depressions (10-20 cm) made with a shovel at the site of drilling wells for supports;
2. Manual drilling is a simple process: the plow must be dismantled from the drill, or fixed vertically with a special stopper so that it does not interfere with excavation. After a few turns of the drill, it must be removed and the soil receiver freed from the soil;
3. The expansion (broadening) of the heel is done in this way: when the drill sinks to the design depth, it is no longer necessary to put pressure on it, and then the released or installed plow will loosen the soil with the expansion of the dome. Also, after several turns of the drill, the soil must be removed from the receiver.

The drilling of each well should be controlled by the level, when drilling hard ground rocks, the well should be watered, large fragments of stones should be crushed with a crowbar to a size of 5 cm so that they fit into the soil receiver.

When calculating the foundation of the tise, one should not forget about the reinforcement of the supports. Subsequently, the piles are reinforced according to the requirements of SP 52.105. When arranging the reinforcement cage inside the pile, you can’t use cut pipes and other rolled products, you can’t embed a metal mesh and pieces of steel sheets into the frame - only reinforcing bars Ø 8-12 mm are allowed:

1. Piles (supports, poles) must have reinforcement protruding above the formwork surface up to 40 cm high;
2. Piles must also be reinforced in the transverse direction with smooth reinforcement Ø 6-8 mm. Transverse frames can be made square or round, the step between the belts is up to 0.6 m.

Vertical reinforcement in the future will need to be connected with the grillage reinforcement. To do this, the pile rods are bent at an angle of 90 0 at the level of the grillage reinforcement and connected to its reinforcement with a knitting wire. Before pouring concrete, the internal reinforcement of the support is protected from contact with the pile walls by putting special plastic washers on the rods. The supports themselves can be cast using budget materials:

1. From a roll of roofing material, you need to measure a piece of tape and roll it into a cylinder, fasten it with wire or a stapler, then tie it with wire;
2. An asbestos cement pipe will be tougher, but it allows moisture to pass through, so it needs to be waterproofed (bitumen, tar, mastics);
3. PVC pipes are not afraid of moisture and corrosion, but their thickness must be at least 0.5 cm.

Due to the small diameter of the formwork, it is inconvenient to lay mortar in it, and reinforcement inside the pile does not add convenience. Therefore, it is recommended to pour the solution through a makeshift funnel, for example, from the same roofing material or thick waterproof cardboard. When erecting a universal foundation, the tisé technology takes into account the following features of this stage:

1. The formwork is only half filled with mortar so that the concrete can be compacted and the air released from it;
2. Concrete can be tamped manually (with a crowbar or a thick rod), or with an electric internal vibrator;
3. After ramming, the support is completely filled in, and rammed again;
4. Open concrete must be protected from rapid drying with a film, sawdust, or simply covered with a thin layer of soil for 2-3 days;
5. During these 2-3 days, water the support with water every 5-6 hours so that the concrete sets and hardens evenly throughout the entire depth of the pile.

If there is a basement in the project of the house, the distance between the supports can be increased so that doors or gates can be installed. A foundation with a grillage must always be covered with factory reinforced concrete slabs or reinforced concrete beams, so it is impossible to equip the floor on the ground.

How the grillage formwork is arranged

The zero cycle (earthworks) can be significantly reduced if you start making the grillage formwork after pouring concrete into the piles. To do this quickly and without loss of quality, two cords are pulled on the pegs without a middle one. The following operations:

1. From improvised materials (board, thick plywood, chipboard, OSB), deck shields are made and protected with a waterproofing layer, for example, with polyethylene or tarpaulin. This is necessary for the possible reusable formwork;
2. The formwork is mounted as follows: first, holes are made in the shields for supports, the shields are put on piles and fastened with H-shaped crossbars at a distance of 0.5-0.7 m;
3. The side formwork is mounted as follows: wooden panels are installed at the level of tensioned cords and attached to the lower shield with nails or self-tapping screws.

In order not to complicate the design of the formwork, the manufacture of a wooden bottom shield can be replaced with a sand cushion with a layer of up to 40 cm (depending on the characteristics of the soil). The pillow is moistened and rammed. Also, the lower formwork shield can be made from extruded polystyrene foam, although it will come out a little more expensive;

If a sand cushion is made, then the sand must be covered with a waterproofing material (polyethylene, tarpaulin, roofing material) so that the solution does not leak onto the ground. The waterproofer will need to be removed from under the grillage as soon as the concrete gains design strength. The easiest way to do this is with shovels. If the waterproofing agent is left inside, then possible heaving of the soil can tear off the grillage from the pile supports, the forces of heaving do not give in due to the fact that the contact area with the ground is too small.

Extruded polystyrene foam is a non-removable formwork, you can choose the brand of the lowest density, for example, PSB. Even if the soil swells, then the heaving force will deform such a heater, but the grillage will not be crushed. And after the high humidity of the soil subsides, the heaving is leveled, and the expanded polystyrene will be restored. This process can take place any number of times.

On a grillage, equipped on a columnar-piled foundation, it is impossible to evenly distribute local loads from load-bearing walls, partitions, heavy equipment or furniture concentrated in one place. This grillage should not be in contact with the ground, so that when heaving it is separated from the piles. Therefore, the reinforcement of the grillage is mandatory, and it is also necessary to reinforce the reinforcement cage at the junctions with the walls with anchors or other connections. For this:

1. Vertical reinforcing bars are bent at an angle of 90 0, while the rods are distributed between the levels of the lower and upper chords;
2. The grillage formwork inside is also reinforced with a reinforcing belt, consisting of longitudinal corrugated rods Ø 8-12 mm, and vertical transverse rods Ø 6-8 mm. The fittings can be replaced with metal clamps;
3. Outside, the corners of the reinforcement cage are attached to the grillage with metal clamps or plates;
4. The lower deck of the formwork must be protected from moisture penetration.

It is much easier to equip a pile-column grillage for a foundation using TISE technology than to build it for a strip foundation, therefore, to strengthen the structure, it is necessary to fill the entire formwork along the perimeter of the foundation with mortar. Then the concrete is compacted, and it remains only to wait 21-28 days until it is completely hardened.

Do-it-yourself tise foundation updated: February 26, 2018 by: zoomfund

The construction of any house begins with the laying of its foundation. The choice of material, foundation design becomes the most important operation at the beginning of work. The whole course of further construction, the quality and durability of the erected building will depend on the decision made. One of the promising areas for the installation of a reliable, simple, inexpensive foundation for a house is considered to be TISE technology. The author of the idea was the Russian designer R. Yakovlev, who solved the problem of creating such a design. The main condition in the development of this method is to enable a wide range of developers to get a decent result while building their own house at the lowest cost, without losing quality.

Features of the TISE foundation

The technology is based on the idea of ​​​​using the pile method of building a structure with your own hands. The difference from the traditional method is that a special drill is used in construction, which, upon reaching a given depth, is able to form an expanding contour at the bottom of the well. During the subsequent pouring with concrete, a kind of pillow is formed there, which increases the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport. This technology has not been used before. It was possible to expand the support area only with the help of full-fledged earthworks. This method allows, during drilling, to form the desired configuration of the well, thereby increasing the stability, strength and reliability of the pile installed in it. As in any business, there are pros and cons, but the foundation of TISE, the technology of its installation definitely deserve attention.

Advantages

An undoubted achievement in the development of the technology was that, at a low cost for the purchase of equipment, the user receives an excellent tool for creating a high-quality base for the house with his own hands, avoiding significant expenses. There is no need to bear the following costs:

1. Buy extra stuff.
2. Attract expensive special equipment to perform certain operations.
3. Pay for the work of specialists in the construction of the foundation.

The equipment can be delivered in the optimal configuration required for a particular case. All operations can be done by hand without special construction skills. The cost of purchasing the tool is more than paid off. There is also a high speed of work. The unique technology allows you to significantly save material. Only the supporting base of the filler pile is thickened. Its bearing part along the main length is designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. The ratio of costs to results is considered the most profitable. The construction of a foundation using TISE technology is recognized as the most economical way to prepare the foundation for building a house. It has a TISE foundation and disadvantages. However, the advantages of the method do not give grounds to assert that they are critical.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer foundation repair and design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Flaws

The prospects for technology are obvious. The advantages overlap the disadvantages, but in some cases there are reasons why there are reasons not to use the TISE foundation in the construction of a particular house. The disadvantages most often noted are the following:

1. Inability to apply the technology in areas with high groundwater levels. Where the soil is silty, too stony, with dense rock layers.
2. Labor intensity. A simple, cheap drill has a mechanical drive. It is necessary to show remarkable physical abilities, especially in heavy soils at the stage of opening the knife for trimming the cone base. Manufacturers today offer to equip a manual device with an additional drive. At the same time, the price of equipment increases several times.
3. The developer may be stopped by the inability to equip a full-fledged basement under the house. In this case, its construction can cost even more than when building a house using traditional technologies.
4. In order to avoid critical moisture of the supporting structure, it is recommended to make a blind area of ​​sufficient width to protect the foundation.

All restrictions, one way or another, relate to the quality of the soil, but having such a plot, the owner will probably spend more money when building the foundation in the usual way. If the soil for construction is of satisfactory quality, then it makes sense to pay attention to the foundation using TISE technology. The advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages.

Video description

A detailed review from the owner of the house on the foundation of TISE is in this video:

Equipment for TISE technology

You can find a tool for performing work according to this technique in construction markets, in specialized stores and on network sites. Two types of drills are offered - TISE - F and TISE - FM, each of which has three working diameters - 200, 250, 300 mm. The first type has one drilling blade. The second, more productive, - two. It doesn't cost much more. Both types are successfully used both for the construction of the foundation, and for some agricultural work on the site. The larger the diameter, the more weight the structure can withstand. A pile of 200 mm has a base of 500 mm. Support 300mm - 600mm. It is easy to calculate how economical the application of this method is. The area of ​​a circle of 300 mm is approximately 70700 mm 2 . If the base has a value of 600 mm, that figure increases to 282800 mm 2. In practice, doubling the diameter increases the area by 4 times.

Standard equipment

The manufacturer offers a ready-to-use tool. The main product consists of the following elements:

1. Handle for rotation.
2. Rod set. The main and additional section, which allows you to adjust the depth of drilling.
3. Ground lift. With its help, the collected soil rises to the top.
4. Drill with a folding mechanism for the production of expansion.

The basic set can be supplemented with a cover, spare parts and formwork elements. With the help of TISE equipment, all issues of foundation construction are solved. The possible depth of the well is 2.3 m when expanding at the base. Without the last operation, you can create a hole up to 3 m. The drill is made according to a special technology and is washed in a telescopic rod after the plow passes. Upon reaching a predetermined depth, the cutting part extends, which performs expansion. The collection mechanism allows you to effectively deliver the waste soil to the surface. Recently, the demand for an additional drive has increased. Many sellers offer to complete the device with a gasoline engine, which significantly reduces labor intensity. The costs are paid off by the speed of the operation, less fatigue of the performer and do not significantly reduce the economic benefits when using TISE technology.

Walkthrough

Since the technology is primarily intended for a wide range of developers who want to independently perform this operation, attention should be paid to the procedure for carrying out work and the requirements for each stage. The main difference from the usual way of installing the foundation is the configuration that the TISE pile has. Focusing on the method of obtaining its desired shape, one should not forget about general construction requirements. The order of operations is as follows:

1. Soil analysis.
2. Territory marking.
3. Installation of beacons horizontally above each pile location.
4. Drilling a well to the desired depth.
5. Expansion of the hole in the base.
6. Removal of soil and control of the operation performed.
7. Reinforcement installation.
8. Filling the hole under the pile with concrete.
9. Production of the foundation, grillage.

The technology allows you to install piles on any landscape. The construction of a conventional foundation is always associated with serious earthworks. Site leveling, vegetation removal. It is not necessary to do this when using TISE technology. When drilling, it is important to observe the vertical direction. To control the position, you can use a regular plumb line. The smaller the deviation, the more reliable the pile will be. In the working position, the blade, which carries out the expansion, is brought by means of a cord (cable). The auger mechanism of the soil lifter must be periodically cleaned by lifting the device. The container fills up quickly. Empirically calculate the time of unloading the rock. When the lift is full, the drill does not work. The work will be idle.

Features of pouring wells with concrete

Structures must be strengthened. Armature is prepared in advance. The length is calculated in such a way that it is possible to make high-quality knitting with a grillage. In some cases, it is reasonable to produce metal rods with a margin. So it will be easier to make horizontal level marks, after which the excess is cut off with a grinder. It is not recommended to use cement grades below the 400th. The proportions of sand, crushed stone are standard, used when mixing the solution for load-bearing structures. 1 part cement to 3-4 parts filling.

Foundation manufacturing

• Strip foundation - from ready-made slabs, poured concrete supported on the ground. For this, a trench is run along the perimeter. A pillow of crushed stone and sand is being prepared. Then the formwork is installed, into which the concrete mixture is poured.
• The second option is to install an independent support system mounted on piles. Such a supporting structure is called a grillage. With proper calculation and high-quality performance, the load on the piles is distributed evenly. The structure is mounted on a grillage piping and has weight restrictions. An excellent option for frame houses and buildings from SIP panels.

Foundation calculation

At this stage, it is important to find the correct location of the piles, to calculate their total number. The maximum distance between units is 3 m. When marking the territory on a scale, the projection of the internal walls is determined. A pile must also be installed at the places of their interface with the bearing facade part. To facilitate the calculation, experienced craftsmen use the following formula - the average weight per 1 m 2 of the finished house is the following values ​​​​depending on the material of manufacture:

• buildings made of bricks and blocks - 2400 kg:
• foam concrete, aerated concrete - 2000 kg;
• frame, wooden houses no more than 1800 kg.

The bearing capacity of a pile with a diameter of 250 mm using TISE technology varies depending on the soil from 1.5 to 5 tons. An accurate calculation can only be done by a highly qualified specialist. But the above information may be enough to, using these values, independently design the foundation according to the minimum indicators. A frame house with an area of ​​100 m 2 during construction on loose soil must be erected on piles in an amount approaching 100. They are distributed as evenly as possible around the entire perimeter and projection of the walls inside the building. If the soil is reliable, then the number of piles can be safely halved. The given examples are given for the option when the foundation of TISE with a grillage is performed. The supporting foundations require fewer piles. A strip foundation, a structure made of concrete beams, slabs buried in the soil, takes on part of the mass of the house.

Comparative characteristics of the estimated cost of TISE technology with other methods of foundation construction

This method is successfully taking root in the construction services market. Many companies offer to perform work on this technology. The average cost of 1 running meter of the TISE foundation is from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles, taking into account the cost of the material. By doing this work yourself, you can cut costs by about half. The benefit is obvious. An even greater difference is found when compared with traditional types of foundation. The cost of 1 running meter of a capital base made using conventional technology can reach 10,000 rubles and more. In some cases, the costs may differ significantly, up to 4 times. With a limited budget, the TISE pile foundation will be an excellent alternative to traditional technologies. The money saved can be spent on more expensive, high-quality finishing materials or reduce the total estimated cost of the object. A sensible advantage that cannot be ignored.

Today, the most famous and well-known columnar foundation is the TISE technology foundation.

A little about the history of the creation of TISE technology:
Individual construction is developing very rapidly. There are a huge number of building technologies, but they are not cheap. What to do if the income does not allow such an opportunity? The answer to this question can be a technology that is three or even four times cheaper. In addition, it must be environmentally friendly and provide good comfort.

In the 90s, a new technology appeared on the construction market - the Technology of Individual Construction and Ecology (TISE). A special drill has been developed for this technology. Thanks to this drill, it has become possible to drill piles having a lower expansion at the base of the pile at little cost. This was the beginning of the rapid development of this technology. According to the results of the research, the bearing capacity of piles with a lower expansion increases many times over. When freezing and heaving in winter, the soil does not push out TISE piles, unlike ordinary piles. Also, the author-developer of the TISE technology came up with a very good idea, raise the grillage that connects the piles 10-15 cm above the ground. Due to this, the grillage does not experience the load that occurs when the soil heaves in winter.

All this allowed the foundation built using TISE technology to become the most affordable and at the same time very reliable. It provides buildings with reliable support, suitable for many soils (loam, clay, sand, sandy loam). But if there is quicksand on your site, it is better to give preference to another foundation, in such conditions it will be difficult to drill and form TISE piles with high quality.

TISE technology in 1997 was awarded the Gold Medal of the All-Russian Exhibition Center.

The TISE technology foundation is suitable for any buildings - a house, a barn or a garage. Buildings can be made of wood, timber, and foam blocks, bricks.

TISE foundation - features

The main feature of the foundation according to TISE technology is the expansion of the base of the column with a diameter of 60 cm. The expansion increases and improves the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe support, and also contributes to the resistance of pile buckling by soil forces. Previously, the foundation with the expansion of the base of the pillars was built very rarely, since the expansion process was complex and time consuming. But thanks to the TISE drill that appeared, the situation was greatly simplified, and the task of expanding was easily solved.

The advantages of the foundation using TISE technology are fast construction and reliability. And another important plus in favor of the TISE foundation is its attractive price.

There are situations when this foundation is simply impossible to build. But this is extremely rare.

Piling drilling TISE

Drilling is carried out with a special TISE drill to the depth of freezing. If large stones are found in the ground, then some problems may arise. The drill will not be able to cope with them, and you will have to get it out of the well manually. With a high level of groundwater, it is necessary to immediately fill the drilled well with concrete. Otherwise, water may cause soil collapse. Drilling in sandy soil is much faster than in loam or clay.

The expansion of the base of the well depends on the soil - the stiffer the soil, the more difficult it is to expand. On hard ground, a large expansion of the base is not necessary, because the bearing capacity of the column is already great.

Foundation reinforcement using TISE technology

Reinforcement of TISE piles

This is an important mandatory job. Its main purpose is to prevent the rupture of the extended support from the post itself as a result of the action of heaving soil on them. Usually use reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. Reinforcement is carried out with rods bent with the “letter P”. at the top they are tied with wire.

Reinforcement can be replaced with any lengthy material. But the use of pipes in this matter is not welcome at all. Water can get inside the pipe and, when frost hits, form a crack, and later destroy the structure of the column.

It is very important to use clean fittings in construction. Rust, dirt, paint will interfere with the adhesion of reinforcement to concrete. Therefore, before construction, it is better to clean it with a steel brush.

When the house is placed on the foundation, the reinforcement falls out of work. This is because the stretch disappears. But it is not necessary to completely ignore the armature. It is indispensable so that the post does not come off from compression. It is also important that when reinforcing the pillars, the reinforcement is in the center of the concrete, as far as possible from the side surface.

For the grillage, reinforcement with a diameter of 10-14 cm is used.

Reinforcement grillage TISE

Reinforcement of the TISE grillage is performed with reinforcement of 10-14 mm in diameter. It is not advisable to use too large a diameter, since it is worse included in the work with concrete. The number of reinforcement bars per foundation depends on its diameter.

Thus:

When reinforcing, the length of the reinforcement is calculated so that it does not reach a couple of centimeters in the corners to the transverse walls of the formwork. In "T" - shaped joints and corners, the reinforcement is not attached to each other when crossing each other. If the length of the reinforcement is not enough for the entire wall of the foundation, then one reinforcement bar is overlapped to another.

When reinforcing, the lower layer of reinforcement is laid out on small cakes of 5-6 cm of concrete, which are thrown onto the waterproofing of the formwork. Concrete cakes are thrown over a distance of 1-1.5 meters.

After laying the bottom layer of reinforcement, everything is poured with concrete. At the very end of the pouring of concrete, the upper reinforcement bars are placed on top of the solution and everything is completed under the edges with concrete.

Concreting of TISE piles

Difficulties in concreting pillars appear at a high level of groundwater. As we have already said, here it is necessary to pour concrete immediately after drilling. If, nevertheless, it was not possible to fill in immediately or the water came up very quickly, then the water can be scooped out or pumped out with a pump. First, reinforcement is installed in the drilled well and the extension is poured. Only then a shirt and pouring the pillar itself.

Construction of the TISE foundation grillage

Rostverk is the last stage in the construction of the TISE foundation. There should be a gap of 10-15 cm under the grillage. If there is no such gap, then during frosts, the heaving soil can lift the tape and even break the tape or support itself, since the support will interfere.

For a wooden or panel house, a grillage height of 40 cm is suitable. This will be enough for flexural rigidity. The width is determined by the walls. Stone house height - 20 cm, width - the thickness of the walls.

If there is a large slope on the site, then the grillage will take on a stepped look. With a slight slope - a grillage of variable height.

The formwork is made of edged boards and stakes.

Concrete no more than two days. But it is desirable to pour the grillage in one day. To make the sides of the foundation smoother, you can close the formwork with roofing paper or glassine. At negative temperatures, concrete is not recommended at all.

You will make the right choice if you choose TISE technology. It will save you money and time. And TISE technology will provide a guarantee of quality.