Common hawthorn planting and care. All about planting and caring for hawthorn in the open field

7 minutes to read

Hawthorn is a long-lived shrub common throughout Russia that does not need special care. Depending on the species, it can reach a height of up to 7 meters. It can be used both in landscaping and gardening.

Plant features

In different varieties, the leaves have a variety of shapes, sizes and colors. The flowering of the shrub comes in June. Ripe fruit may be orange to black in color. Ripening occurs in late summer - early autumn. From one bush you can collect up to 5 kg of crop.

Hawthorn Paul Scarlet

The fruits and flowers have strong medicinal properties. They are used to lower blood pressure, with shortness of breath, asthma, cough, insomnia. Also, the fruits of certain varieties are used to make drinks, jams and dessert dishes.

The maximum fruiting of the shrub is manifested by 10 years.

Hawthorn can be used as a base (rootstock) for grafting rowan, pear, chokeberry and apple trees.

Varieties

Due to the great popularity of hawthorn in horticulture, now you can find a large number of varieties, species and hybrids of this plant.

hawthorn bicolor

Common hawthorn is a tree up to 5 m tall. Differs in good frost resistance. Deep red fruits. There are several decorative varieties:

• Paul Scarlet - has terry inflorescences, painted in crimson and white;
• Bicolor - flowers with purple edges of the petals, whitening towards the core.

Siberian hawthorn can reach a height of up to 6 m. It has sparsely planted long spines. White flowers with purple anthers. Suitable for decorating alleys. In urban conditions, other varieties are superior in decorative qualities.

Hawthorn is soft. A tree whose height can reach 8 m. The crown is dense, spherical. Decorative due to colorful fruits and leaves. Characterized by tasty fruits. Due to densely growing branches and dense foliage, it is well suited for creating a hedge.

Hawthorn single-petal. An ornamental bush with a dense, fast-growing crown. Suitable for forming hedges. Berries have medicinal properties.

Hawthorn green. Abundantly fruiting bush with a dense crown. The flowers are white with dark stamens. Differs in tasty fruits of black color with green pulp.

reproduction

Reproduction of hawthorn is carried out in any convenient way - with the help of seeds, layering, by grafting or root offspring. It should be borne in mind that the seeds of this plant germinate very slowly, in some varieties they can sprout only after a year. Planting by seeds is recommended only for the usual forms of the plant, common in central Russia.

Siberian hawthorn

The decorative forms of the plant will look appropriate in the form of a graft on a trunk up to 1.5 m high.

For breeding certain varieties of hawthorn on the site, it is necessary to graft them onto seedlings of mountain ash or blood-red hawthorn. Planting by seed can lead to the loss of their varietal properties. Cuttings are best planted during sap flow, in early spring. This is done by budding into a T-shaped incision. Such plants will begin to bear fruit in two years.

Cuttings with green parts of the plant are used very rarely, since such planting material takes root very poorly.

It is quite easy to propagate the plant from root cuttings. To do this, it is necessary to dig hawthorn rhizomes in the fall, free them from the ground and cut into pieces about 10 cm. Roots 20 cm thick are best suited for this. The resulting cuttings are buried in the hole with a thick side up at a slight slope. It is necessary to dig them in to a depth of 2 cm. Planting should be done in a greenhouse. The cuttings need careful care - the soil in which they are buried should not dry out. Cuttings can be transplanted into open ground in early spring.

Plant propagation by layering is very popular. This method is possible if there is already a full-fledged bush on the site. So, its lower side branches must be completely or partially laid under the ground and covered with soil. Such shoots take root well and quickly.

A large number of seedlings can be obtained using vertical layering. To do this, the lower part of the bush is covered with soil to the mark of the distribution of branches. After a while, each of the branches covered with earth will take root and it will be possible to separate it.

Preparing for landing

In terms of soil, the shrub is unpretentious, it can grow on any soil, up to drained peat bogs. An excellent option would be heavy fertile drained soil, which you can prepare yourself. To do this, you need to combine sand, peat, leaf flour and humus.

hawthorn

It is also advisable to add a small amount of lime to the mixture and mix well - the roots should not touch it.

Attention! Before planting, it is very important to ensure high-quality drainage from gravel or broken bricks with the addition of sand.

Landing

Planting shrubs with seeds is done in late autumn, for this, unripe planting material is selected. Seeds must be defended in warm water, wiped with sand and washed with water. Then they are infused for two days in a 1% solution of potassium nitrate and planted in open ground.

Advice! It is possible to force the process of seed germination with the help of stratification. Fresh planting material is soaked for a day in a 1% solution of potassium nitrate. After that, they must be placed for 7-8 months in a textile bag and stored at a temperature of +2-3°C.

After the seedling reaches a height of 55-65 cm, it will need pruning - it is necessary to leave 3 buds from ground level. Side shoots also need to be removed, leaving a couple for further growth.

Planting a hawthorn

Planting a hawthorn in a permanent place can be done upon reaching the age of two in the autumn or spring.

The planting scheme is determined depending on what the plant is intended for. So, to create a hedge, it is necessary to plant seedlings in one line at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

If it is planned to grow to collect fruits, the plant is planted in groups, the distance between the planting pits should be at least two meters. The depth of each hole is 60-70 cm. With this arrangement, the plants are well pollinated even in the absence of wild bees or an apiary nearby.

When planting seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the root neck is located at ground level. After planting, the seedlings need care - watering and mulching with 4-5 cm peat.

Attention! Best of all, the hawthorn develops, blooms and bears fruit under bright sunlight. Even in a plot with partial shading, the fruiting and flowering of the plant comes to naught.

Further care

For the normal development of the bush, it is necessary to carefully monitor its condition. As necessary, pruning of dry, diseased and interfering shoots and branches should be performed.

Plant care consists in removing weeds, timely renewal of mulch, loosening the soil. In autumn, you can dig a bush to the depth of a spade bayonet.

Hawthorn is distinguished by a deep root system and a young plant lends itself best to transplantation - no older than 4-5 years. By the age of five, the shrub acquires strong and long roots, which are easily damaged during transplantation.

Pruning of the plant can be arbitrary, but it is best if it retains the shape of a bush. To do this, it is necessary to leave 5-7 main branches at the hawthorn and, when pruning, leave their height within 2 meters.

Despite resistance to adverse factors, hawthorn is susceptible to drought and gas pollution. With normal humidity, it is enough to add a bucket of water under a bush once a month. During dry periods, the number of waterings can be increased to 2-3 per month.

The use of hawthorn to create a hedge

Young decorative forms of the plant require special care. So, in winter it is better to cover them with a dense layer (up to 10 cm) of dry leaves to preserve the root system from freezing. In order to avoid frostbite of branches, young plants in the cold season should be covered with burlap. Bushes older than 5 years do not need to be covered, they tolerate low temperatures well.

Hawthorn care should also include pest control. So, with rust, the affected branches should be pruned. As a preventive measure, it is necessary in the spring, before bud break, to spray the plant with a 3-5% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

In case of damage by a hawthorn bud mite, the diseased branches should be pruned in the fall and spring and the plant should be treated with colloidal sulfur. For prevention, you can spray the plants again after flowering.

Fertilization

For normal growth and development of the shrub, it is enough to shed it with slurry before flowering. This supply of nutrients will be enough until next year.

If it is necessary for the bush to bear fruit abundantly, it must be fertilized three times a season with solutions of sodium humate and nitrophoska:

• at bud break
• at the beginning of flowering
• during the fruiting period

Hawthorn in landscape design

Due to the large number of shoots and strong shoots, the hawthorn can be used as a hedge. In order for such a “fence” to grow, the seedlings must be planted close to each other, intertwining their shoots with each other.

Regular pruning is required to maintain the density of the hedge. So, in the first year, all shoots are pruned to a level of 15 cm from the ground. In summer, side branches can be shortened to stimulate growth. In early spring, pruning of side branches occurs almost to the base (leaving a couple of centimeters), the main branches need to be cut only by half. In summer, the side branches shorten again. In the third year, the bush will need to be slightly trimmed, after which once a month until the fall you need to maintain the desired shape with secateurs.

Pruning allows densely planted shrubs to give the shape of a pyramid, square, ball.

Hawthorn is a genus of deciduous shrubs and low trees of the Pink family. It is a long-liver among many plants, because it can grow for about three centuries. It has useful properties, is used for decorative and medical purposes. Planting hawthorn is a little different from planting other trees. Plant care includes not only pruning, mulching and watering, but also the fight against various diseases and pests. As for reproduction, the shrub can be grown from seeds, by cuttings, and also by grafting. In watering, the plant is unpretentious, as well as in fertilizing with fertilizers. One bucket of liquid manure will be enough for him before flowering begins. In the middle latitudes of our country, several of the most popular varieties of hawthorn are grown.

Varieties and varieties

The genus of plants includes about 200 varieties of hawthorn, not counting various hybrid forms. In our country, 50 species are known and more than 100 have been introduced.

• Crimean hawthorn- tree-like shrub or tree of medium height. It grows on the Crimean peninsula, near Simferopol and Feodosia. Can be found in group plantings of deciduous trees. The shoots are covered with hairs, have a rich cherry color, dotted with numerous spines. The leaves of hawthorn are wedge-shaped with a dark green color at the edges and a lighter shade at the base. Has large flowers.

• Chinese hawthorn(pinnate) - a plant whose birthplace is China and Japan. In Russia, it can be found in the Far East. Likes bright places with good lighting, but also tolerates shady areas. The height of the Chinese hawthorn can reach 6 m. This species differs from others in the complete absence of thorns on the shoots. Leaves are deep green. The fruits are rounded, dark red color, glossy.

• Hawthorn softish- a species common in America. It grows on slopes with high humidity and forest edges. Frost-resistant variety, undemanding to the composition of the soil. It can reach a height of 8 m.

• prickly hawthorn(ordinary) - deciduous shrub, characterized by very slow growth. It grows in the Urals, the Caucasus, Siberia and Central Asia. It has thorns on which leaves can grow. Hawthorn fruits are used in cooking for making jam, jam, decoction, compote, as well as in medicine and scientific research. The plant has diversity. So in hawthorn you can find whole, serrated, three or five-lobed or separate leaves.

• hawthorn blood red- a small tree or shrub. The people received the name "lady" or "boyar". It grows mainly in Siberia. Photophilous, but tolerates shade. Can grow for a long time without watering. The maximum height of blood-red hawthorn is 6 m, and the average duration of growth is about 4 centuries. In one kilogram of hawthorn, there can be up to 2 thousand fruits.

Hawthorn: planting and care

Hawthorn prefers rich soils. A prerequisite for its landing is the presence of drainage. It is used as a crumb of brick, crushed stone or gravel. The height of the drainage in the dug hole should not be less than 15 cm.

Advice. To plant a plant, you need to prepare a mixture of sand, peat and humus with the addition of leaf flour. Hawthorn also loves lime, but it should not come into direct contact with its root system.

The ideal place for planting a tree would be a sunny area of ​​the garden, otherwise the plant will grow poorly and bloom, respectively.

Shrub transplantation to a permanent place is carried out only in the second year of life. It is better to do it in spring or autumn. The plant is planted to a depth of about 50–65 cm. Immediately after planting, the hawthorn should be watered and the soil around it should be mulched. It is worth being patient, because the tree will begin to fully bear fruit only by 10 years.

As for watering, a bucket of water per month will be enough for a shrub or tree. In drier times, it is necessary to increase the number of waterings up to several times.

Special plant care is not required. Removing weeds, loosening the soil and cutting dried branches - that's the whole basic care for hawthorn.

Fertilizer

Of course, like any plant, hawthorn is not indifferent to fertilizers. It will be enough for him to feed in the form of one bucket of slurry in the spring, before flowering begins. After such top dressing, a shrub or tree will grow more actively, and flowering will be more abundant.

Hawthorn propagation

Reproduction of hawthorn is carried out in three main ways:

1. Seeds.
2. cuttings.
3. Inoculation.

Growing a plant from seeds very long process. The seeds have a thick shell. In this regard, they must go through a long process of stratification, which will help them germinate faster. Stratification can last up to one year. Even the best seeds can only germinate after a couple of years. The reason for this is a considerable number of empty seeds.

In general, hawthorn seeds are harvested when they have not yet had time to ripen. They are left for 72 hours in water. Then wipe with sandpaper or sand and rinse. Then the seeds of the plant are placed in a 1% solution of potassium nitrate for two days, and only after that they are sown in the ground. Sowing is carried out in late autumn.

reproduction root cuttings a little easier. They take the roots, cut them into pieces of 10 cm and drop them into the ground at an angle with the thick side up. Both autumn and spring are suitable for cuttings. But planting is still better in a warm place. For example, a greenhouse.

For vaccination the common hawthorn or single-petal hawthorn is perfect. Although any kind of plant is suitable for grafting. Get vaccinated in August.

Diseases and pests

Pest control is the use of chemicals. For example, chlorophos, karbofos, nitrafen, as well as green oil concentrate and soap solution.

The use of hawthorn

Hawthorn is a very useful plant, it is rich in B vitamins, pectins, vitamin C, carotene and other trace elements.

It is used to purify the blood, and since the 20th century it has been used as a medicine for cardiovascular diseases. It helps to eliminate the symptoms of atherosclerosis, arrhythmia and hypertension. During the Great Patriotic War, the plant was used to replace heart drugs due to their shortage. As a medical preparation, hawthorn is available in two versions: tablets and tinctures.

Advice. For the prevention of viral diseases, it is recommended to take a decoction of the plant or eat several berries a day.

The fruits are also used in cooking. They are used as a filling for pies.

Hawthorn is also widely used in landscape design. It makes excellent fences and hedges. You can achieve this result by planting plants very close to each other. And also intertwining their branches. Another condition for the original design of the site will be the choice of plant variety and timely cutting of branches. Hawthorn can be given absolutely any shape: a square, an oval, a circle, etc. And the best option for decorating a garden would be single-petal hawthorn, Maksimovich, Pauls Scarlet and plum-leaved.

Hawthorn is a useful plant. For the most part, unpretentious. Planting it will require a certain sequence of actions, but care consists in loosening the soil, cutting off old branches, watering and infrequent top dressing. You will have to be patient until the plant begins to fully bear fruit. But the result will undoubtedly exceed all expectations. The plant is not only a great option for decorating a summer cottage, but also a storehouse of vitamins. It is used for medical purposes, as well as folk recipes. Its main focus is to improve the functioning of the heart.

Features of caring for hawthorn: video

Growing hawthorn: photo

Hawthorn is propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, and rare varieties are grafted. Before you start planting, you need to determine for yourself the purpose of the plant. If you are going to resort to growing hawthorn to create a hedge, planting material should be planted around the perimeter of the site. In the event that you want to grow hawthorn in the country to obtain fruits, you must create groups of three to four separate plants at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. In this case, the plants will be better pollinated even in the absence of apiaries and wild bees nearby.

Planting hawthorn in autumn

The hawthorn is unpretentious, and when starting planting, you can not devote much time to preparing the territory. The only condition is the choice of a well-lit place, preferably near the northern border of the site.

This is especially true for large-fruited forms, which require a lot of sunlight for good fruiting. It is not recommended to propagate rare cultivars by seed, because in this case they lose their varietal characteristics. Growing hawthorn from seeds is effective only for common forms that are widespread in central Russia.

Growing hawthorn from seeds

It is very difficult for hawthorn seeds to germinate, since they have a very hard shell, and immediately after the fruit ripens, the plant falls into a period of deep dormancy. To speed up the germination process, it is best to resort to stratification. To do this, fresh hawthorn seeds, just selected from unripe berries (one week before full ripening), are soaked in a 1% potassium nitrate solution for one day. Then the seeds are placed in a dark box or canvas bag and kept for 7-8 months at a temperature of +2-3°C.

Seedlings when growing hawthorn from seeds are characterized by very slow growth. Their planting in a permanent place should be started only after 3-4 years, and in the future, young shrubs can be transplanted only until they reach 5 years of age, since these plants have a very long, branched root system, which, when transplanting adult shrubs, can be damaged.

How to propagate hawthorn cuttings

Another method of reproduction is by root offspring. Before planting a hawthorn in this way, you need to cut off parts of the roots from the mother plant and leave it in place until it is fully rooted. You can also use root cuttings to grow hawthorn in the country. To do this, in early spring or autumn, the root system is dug up and root cuttings are cut with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm. -2 cm above ground level). After that, the soil must be mulched with humus and watered abundantly. Already at the end of June, the first shoots will appear from such root cuttings.

How to plant a hawthorn in a permanent place

When transplanting shrubs to a permanent place, do you need to dig planting holes 0.5 m in size? 1 m or 1.5 m? 0.5 m. If the plants were intended for hedges, dig trenches of the same width and depth. Well-fertilized soil is introduced into the planting pits and trenches (a planting mixture of equal parts of leaf flour, sand, peat, humus and a small amount of lime). Drainage (crushed stone, gravel, broken brick) should be placed at the bottom of the landing pit with a layer of about 15 cm. Shrubs are planted in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. The root system should be covered with fertile soil, watered and mulched.

Vaccination for hawthorn

When propagating varieties, hawthorn grafting is most effective. Trees are grafted with cuttings at the very beginning of spring, as soon as abundant sap flow begins. You can also graft hawthorn in the second decade of July - early August, but in this case they resort to the budding method (the method of grafting fruit and ornamental plants with a single bud). To do this, the "peephole" (one kidney with a thin layer of wood) of the cultivar is placed in a T-shaped incision or with a shield in the butt on the usual species form. Blood-red hawthorn seedlings are most often used as a stock, rowan is also suitable for stock. The grafted hawthorn begins to bear fruit already in the third year. Hawthorn is also used as a rootstock. To do this, fruit trees are grafted onto hawthorn, most often pears or apple trees. Cultivars of fruit trees grafted on hawthorn enter the fruiting season early and are distinguished by a good harvest.

Care for hawthorn when grown

Growing and caring for hawthorn include mandatory weeding, regular feeding and watering. The soil under the shrubs must be loosened and mulched. To form a hedge, plant branches are cut to 1/3 of the length of the shoot, this contributes to the formation of a greater number of spines and lateral processes.

I transplant seedlings to a permanent place at the age of two years. In this case, planting is done in autumn or spring. The depth of the planting hole for grown plants is about 70 cm, the distance between shrubs is about 2 m. The root neck should remain at ground level. Immediately after transplantation, it is recommended to water the plant and mulch the near-trunk circle with peat or dry earth with a layer of about 4 cm. Hawthorn begins to bear fruit abundantly with good care when it reaches 10 years of age.

In June, it is advisable to feed the plant with diluted bird droppings or liquid manure. Throughout the season, dry or broken branches should be removed, as well as shoots that strongly thicken the crown. To form a hawthorn in the form of a bush, you need to leave 5-6 main skeletal branches, and keep the crown at a height that is optimal for harvesting. In autumn, at the end of the growing season, the hawthorn should be fed again. This time, during digging, double superphosphate and potassium salt can be added as top dressing. If shrubs grow on acidic soils, the soil must be limed.

Hawthorn care includes infrequent but regular watering. Usually, plants are watered once a month (at the rate of 10 liters of water for one adult shrub). In dry summers, watering is done twice a month. If the summer is rainy, then the plants can not be watered.

In cold seasons, young seedlings must be covered with burlap to avoid frostbite on the branches. Adult plants do not need to be wrapped in winter - this is a fairly winter-hardy plant that can withstand low temperatures.

Hawthorn diseases

Powdery mildew is a ubiquitous disease of hawthorn, leading to weakening of plants. In the case of a large-scale defeat, the winter hardiness of plants may weaken. Powdery mildew affects mainly the leaves, on which a white cobweb-like coating appears. By the middle of summer, the plaque becomes more dense and mealy, and by autumn it turns from white to grayish. Mushrooms - causative agents of powdery mildew - overwinter on plant debris, as well as between bud scales. Affected leaves must be removed, and in order to destroy pathogens, plant remains should be disposed of (burned) in a timely manner.

Rust is a fungal disease caused by a general weakening of plants. In the middle of summer, large, yellowish-red pustules appear on the leaves of shrubs, which subsequently turn into radiant, hairy outgrowths. This is not a hawthorn disease, the shrub is only its intermediate host. And rust develops on junipers, therefore, when choosing a place for planting plants of the Pink family, the close proximity of coniferous trees should be avoided.

Leaf spot is a disease of hawthorn that causes general inhibition of plants and premature leaf fall. Spotting becomes widespread in conditions of high humidity. Along with spotting during rainy periods, hawthorn leaves are affected by rot. Pathogens are stored in the fallen affected leaves, so plant residues must be collected and burned in a timely manner.

Phomosis is a fungal disease that affects hawthorn shoots. At the same time, the color of the bark of the shoots practically does not change, only with time black, microscopic pycnidia become clearly visible in them, deeply immersed in the tissue of the bark. Shoots affected by phomosis dry out and die.

Wood rot is caused by fungi of the class Basidiomycetes. Infection of shrubs occurs with basidiospores formed on the surface of the fruit. Through wounds on the trunk and branches, these spores penetrate the plants and penetrate the core. At the same time, the consistency of the wood becomes less durable, and during snowfalls, the plants may die, since their branches, affected by rot, cannot withstand a large amount of snow.

To avoid the occurrence of diseases, hawthorn should be planted in well-ventilated areas, do not forget to mulch the soil, and regularly spray with a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur.

Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing a summer house - all with your own hands.

Hawthorn from seeds: planting and growing

How to grow hawthorn

This beautiful and useful plant is called lady-berry and hawthorn. I raised my mistress myself from a bone the first time. I fell ill, the doctor advised me to use hawthorn fruits in any form as a remedy. I bought the most delicious garden variety from the market and collected the seeds.

I dug up a small bed in a place protected from the wind and planted fresh seeds in grooves at a distance of 16-20 cm from each other, to a depth of 5-6 cm. I watered the bed abundantly.

It was in September, and in the spring the first shoots appeared. The hawthorn rose slowly and unfriendly: the main shoots appeared only a year later. This delay is due to the dense and thick pericarp. Various methods are used to speed up the germination of hawthorn seeds, but I was a beginner gardener at the time and did not know these methods. And they are very simple - this is stratification, treatment with chemical reagents, sowing of immature seeds treated during the day with a 1% solution of potassium nitrate.

Stratification of hawthorn seeds

Fresh hawthorn seeds are poured with water, and the empty ones float up, while the benign ones remain at the bottom. They need to be washed and dried, then mixed with sand and peat (1: 3), scattered evenly into shallow boxes, moistened and placed in the basement. They should be there all winter and spring, it is advisable to leave them also for the summer, and sow in the fall or (better!) Spring of the next year.

Seed treatment with chemicals

We use caustic soda, acids, etc.

Method for sowing hawthorn seeds

Collect unripe fruits, soak them in water for 1-2 days, then rub through a sieve and rinse. The resulting bones are placed for a day in a solution of potassium nitrate (1%), and then sown in the ground before winter. Seeds remain viable for 1-2 years.

By the way, my seeds, sown before winter without treatment, remained viable for 3 years. Hawthorn has a lot of empty seeds, so the sowing should be done thicker.

Shoots of hawthorn are beautiful, like angels, and look like shoots of an apple tree. Leaves of the form that in adult plants appear later. The stem is burgundy-pink. In the first year, seedlings grow very slowly, only 10 centimeters. Then growth accelerates, and after 7-8 years it slows down again.

In my mini-nursery, I removed weeds, sometimes watered - that's all the care. After 3-5 years, I transplanted the seedlings to a permanent place, and gave most of them to neighbors and significant ones.

Hawthorn cultivation: 300 years without much care

Hawthorn is very unpretentious, grows on poor soils and in places with poor ecology. Easily tolerates both excess and lack of moisture, light, does not freeze out in harsh winters.

During periods of prolonged drought, the leaves curl up and dry out, and come to life again after rain. I have hawthorn on the site grows in three different places. Near the column there is already a tree 5 meters high, beautiful fluffy bushes near the road, and near the fence, under the poplar, the hawthorn develops worse, blooms poorly, does not give fruits at all, it is much lower than its counterparts planted at the same time with it. Practice shows that in more favorable conditions the hawthorn develops better.

The hawthorn has a very powerful root system and lives for 300-400 years.

Once again I want to emphasize that it is very beautiful all year round. For the winter, bushes and small trees shed their leaves, and their branches look very beautiful - purple-brown, shiny, planted with thick, up to 10 cm, spines. These spines are not fully formed shoots. Tiny leaves grow on them, but they soon die off. The spikes are hard as nails. In the period when there are no flowers yet, the hawthorn is good with an interesting form of leaves. Then flowers appear - white, not terry, not very chic, collected in umbrellas, somewhat similar to rowan flowers, only larger. The smell is not for everyone.

The plant blooms very richly and stably.

In autumn, dark green, slightly pubescent leaves on both sides turn orange-red. In late September - early October, fruits ripen, large spherical berries the size of a cherry, red in color, with mealy pulp and 3-4 seeds, hanging in tassels on long legs. These berries are very tasty!

Both a single plant and a group look good. Hawthorn can be trimmed, giving the bushes the shape of various shapes, which means it can be used to create an unusual hedge. But I have apple and pear trees growing on my plot, and they have common diseases with hawthorn, so I can’t use it as a hedge.

You can also plant this plant with cuttings and layering. But, in my opinion, seeds are preferable: no material investments are needed, it is possible to preserve the variety, it begins to bear fruit much earlier. The hawthorn begins to bear fruit after 10-15 years, but then it gives good and regular crops without top dressing and frequent watering. It is also extremely useful, but this is a topic for an entire article.

We plant according to the season

Planting hawthorn in autumn is carried out during the period of time when the bush begins to prepare for sleep. Do not plant young in the ground until the growing season is over. A plant that is not accustomed to new conditions may not have time to take root before the onset of frost. As a result, all planting work will go down the drain - the plants will die.

Planting hawthorn in spring should also be performed during sleep. In general, this shrub does not require special weather conditions - if only the earth was at least a little warmed up.

Our professional gardeners will help you create a green fence in your yard. We will help nature create a masterpiece on your site - a unique hedge.

Reproduction and planting hawthorn

The easiest way is to plant purchased seedlings in the ground. However, to save money, you can try to propagate the shrub in other ways.

Planting hawthorn seeds rarely practiced by amateur gardeners. Alas, it takes a lot of time to grow from a seed. The first shoots appear only after 2 years. Until this time, it is impossible to determine whether your favorite bush will grow. If you are willing to wait, you can try your luck 🙂

Efficient Planting of Hawthorn Seeds is carried out as follows:

We collect planting material (unripe fruits) and soak them in water for 3-4 days;

We wash the "bones" and dry with a paper towel;

We place it in wet sand and take it to the basement for further stratification;

Only next autumn, that is, in a year, the seeds can be sown in the ground.

After carrying out all the procedures, it remains only to wait and hope for a positive outcome.

More efficient planting hawthorn cuttings. Select sufficiently thick roots and cut them into pieces about 10 cm. Dig the root cuttings into the soil at a slight slope, leaving about 2 cm of planting material above the surface. The cuttings are dug with a thick end up. It is advisable to land in a greenhouse or other sheltered warm place. both autumn and spring are suitable for propagation by cuttings.

We plant the young

The planting of hawthorn seedlings is considered the most effective: the result of the planting work carried out is visible already the next year. The shrub loves heavy soils with excellent drainage, however, the fertility of the land must be at a high level.

Hawthorn planting technology:

1. We are preparing a pit. The depth of the landing pit is 60-80 cm. We install a drainage system (we lay out a layer of broken brick, crushed stone or gravel about 10-15 cm thick). Half fill the pit with a mixture of sand, peat and humus. We sprinkle with a small layer of fertile soil and leave it in this form for 1-2 weeks.
2. We straighten the roots of the seedling, carefully place the young in the planting hole. We dig and water.

Planting a hawthorn hedge has its own peculiarity. No need to dig separate pits for each seedling. It is more expedient to dig a ditch and plant seedlings in it at a small distance from each other. In a year, the grown bushes can be intertwined. Thus, you will initially weave a fence, after which you will be able to form not individual plants, but a whole fence. Such living fences look holistic and have no voids.

Planting hawthorn video

What is planted in the fall in the garden and in the garden

Very soon, permanent frosts will come and it's time to think about autumn landings and crops. Do you know what is planted in the fall in a country house or a personal plot of land? You can plant any frost-resistant vegetables, some trees and various shrubs, perennial flowers.

Some gardeners plant quite a lot before winter, thereby gaining two or even three weeks in getting an early harvest. Some crops can be planted for winter sowing not only in areas with a mild climate, but also here, in Siberia. It is especially important to get early vitamins. and in the spring there are fewer worries.

What crops can be planted before winter

In autumn, when the temperature already drops to +1 - 5 degrees, you can sow the seeds of some vegetables. Why at this particular temperature? So the seeds do not have time to germinate, so as not to freeze the seedlings. A winter test of cold, stratification in a few months, will give impetus to friendly growth. Such plants planted in winter have good advantages:

3. They give early harvest.
4. They are stronger and more enduring than their neighbors in the garden, planted in the spring.
5. They are disease resistant and are less likely to be attacked by pests.

Of course, you can sow seeds of cold-resistant crops that can withstand frost.

In autumn, it is good to plant shrubs, fruit and ornamental, on the site. Their seedlings are planted in the last days of September or early October, so that they have time to take root and gain strength for the winter. If you are late with the deadlines, then the root system will not have time to get stronger properly and all the seedlings will freeze.

Absolutely everything, without exception, fruit and deciduous trees are planted in the fall. After dropping foliage, they have a dormant period, the best time when the root system quickly adapts to a new place of residence. Fruit tree seedlings should be planted 25-30 days before the onset of persistent frosts.

Many perennial flowers are also planted in the fall. But not only can you plant new plants, autumn is the time for transplanting and propagating perennials. Small-bulbous, which will please us in the spring before anyone else, are planted from September 15 to mid-October.

What to plant before winter in the garden

• Winter garlic, planted a month and a half before stable frosts. Deadlines vary by region. Mostly mid-September - mid-October.
• Carrots before winter are sown a week before the onset of permanent frosts. Podzimnyaya sprouts better than sown in spring. For such sowing, early varieties are chosen.
• It is good to sow parsley before winter, it can withstand sub-zero temperatures. Arises earlier in spring.
• Dill seeds sown in autumn will sprout as soon as the snow melts and will please with the first vitamins.
• Parsnip has poor seed germination. Winter stratification gives them a shake-up. Autumn parsnips sprout faster and better.
• Sorrel can be safely sown before winter, it tolerates low temperatures well.

What to plant in the garden in autumn

Fruit tree seedlings are planted at different times, depending on the region. A month before frost, the root system will have time to take root well.

Of the ornamental shrubs, too, almost everything can be planted in the fall. Hawthorn should be planted early, somewhere in early September, because of its very developed root system.

• Honeysuckle
• Barberry
• Clematis
• golden currant
• viburnum
• Rowan

Fruit and berry bushes also love autumn planting, red currants are the first to be planted because of their love for the sun.

What flowers are planted before winter

All bulbous in terms from the first decade of September to the twentieth of October, depending on the climatic location.

Ready for planting, transplanting and propagation in autumn:

Before winter, you can also sow flower seeds:

In early to mid-September, you can safely plant grafted roses. Before the cold weather, they will have time to take root and under cover they will winter well.

And so that your site has a well-structured and fertilized soil, it is good to sow green manure crops, white mustard, beans, rapeseed, and rye in the fall.

Seasonal work in autumn

Autumn is the time of harvest, when everything around is filled with rich and bright colors. And it seems that the garden and garden, tired of the summer heat, are gradually immersed in hibernation and there is absolutely nothing to do there. But that's not the case at all.

In addition to fruit trees, shrubs, vegetable crops, some part of the territory is set aside for a lawn, which, like any perennial plant, requires special care. First of all, it is necessary to remove all debris from the lawn: stones, fallen leaves, etc. After that, we mow the grass and apply fertilizer. After mowing the grass, it must be removed from the lawn, otherwise it will begin to rot during the winter, which will lead to the death of part of the lawn. For fertilizer, we use a special autumn fertilizer with a high content of phosphorus and potassium, which is able to meet the needs of herbs for the entire cold period in batteries.

After that, we repair the damaged areas of the lawn with sand and turf. And although there are still enough warm days in autumn, you need to water the lawn very carefully so that the water does not stagnate, because excessive waterlogging can lead to disease of lawn grasses. If this nevertheless happened, aeration will help to overcome the consequences of waterlogging, the method in which the lawn is pierced. Aeration is carried out using a pitchfork or a special machine.

We must not forget about the flower beds and flower beds. After all, most bulbous plants are planted in the fall. Before planting, the bulbs must be treated with a special solution of potassium permanganate to protect them from pests. Plant the plants at a depth equal to two bulb lengths.

After planting, in order for the plants not to freeze, they are covered with peat or straw.

Autumn is the best time for planting and replanting trees and shrubs on the site. Therefore, if you have free time, place and desire, do not miss this fertile time.

What do we plant in the fall? Trees and shrubs

Some beginner amateur gardeners think that autumn is the time to harvest and prepare the site for winter. However, this is not quite true. Fall is a great time to plant many shrubs and trees. Let's consider some of them.

A very popular shrub among Russian gardeners is hawthorn. This is not only an ornamental plant, hawthorn fruit is an excellent tool for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Hawthorn is a universal plant, if desired, it can be grown as a tree, with the help of pruning it can be turned into a bush. A bush has several advantages over a tree. He is not afraid of strong winds, serves as an excellent refuge for small birds that protect him from various pests.

According to its decorative properties, hawthorn is on a par with the most beautiful plants. In spring and summer, hawthorn bushes are decorated with delightful flowers that look like roses. The natural aroma, from which the head is spinning, attracts many bees and other insects to the plant, which, carrying pollen from its flowers on their paws, contribute to the pollination of the plant.

Hawthorn fruits are edible and very tasty, they can be of various shades from white to almost black. The shape of the fruit resembles an apple or pear, inside there are several hard seeds.

Another popular shrub is the barberry, which stands out against the green background of ordinary plants with its bright, variegated leaves. It is perfect for decorating a Japanese-style garden. Among the most common varieties of Thunberg barberry is the common barberry.

Another plant that can decorate your garden has the poetic name clematis. This is a herbaceous perennial or semi-shrub plant that can be found on all continents with the exception of Antarctica.

They begin their growth among the very first, at the beginning of spring, when the air has just begun to warm up, the first shoots of clematis appear, which can grow up to 5 meters in a short time. It grows like bamboo, shoots increase to 15cm per day.

When the shoots complete their rapid growth, which usually happens at the end of May, inflorescences of delicate flowers appear at their ends, which have the most exquisite color from pale pink to velvety shimmering tones of red and blue. This miraculous phenomenon lasts for several days, then the flowers fall off, the plant gains strength in order to bloom again after a while.

dachasadovoda.ru

Hawthorn - planting and care

We propagate the hawthorn ourselves

How to plant a hedge

Healing recipes from hawthorn



The prickly beauty of hawthorn

Somehow it so happened that hawthorn is grown in our gardens only for decorative purposes, planting and care for the purpose of obtaining medicinal raw materials were rare. It was only later that official medicine investigated the hawthorn berry and confirmed that its fruits really have a cardiological effect, and therefore are useful for functional disorders of the heart, neuroses, and in the initial forms of hypertension. In addition, preparations of this plant tone the heart muscle, eliminate arrhythmia, tachycardia, reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, increase cerebral and coronary circulation, reduce pain, feeling of heaviness and constriction in the heart area and improve the general condition of patients.

It is also true that the common hawthorn is beautiful. In spring, it is magnificently decorated with white or pink flowers, and in autumn it is covered with a crimson outfit - these are all branches of the plant completely strewn with brushes of spherical berries (up to 1 cm in diameter) hanging on long stalks. Just like a lady, dressed up in a smart sundress. In the people, the hawthorn was called the lady-tree. The hawthorn was also called the devil's needle for very hard spines 1-2 cm in size at the bottom of the shoots. These are modified shortened shoots that developed from axillary buds. Such pricklyness can be used by planting a hedge from a hawthorn. For a long time it will serve you no worse than a picket fence - hawthorn lives up to 200 years. Yes, and you will attract birds to your site - the lush thickets of the lady-tree are one of the favorite nesting places. And hawthorn is attractive to bees, especially its flowers.

How does it grow

In nature, this handsome man grows both as a tree and a bush, reaching a height of 4-5 meters. It occurs along the edges, in glades, on slopes, along the banks of rivers and streams. On the garden plot, it is better to form a single hawthorn plant in the form of a bush, then it is more convenient to pick berries. The formation of the crown is similar to how it is done with bird cherry.

Trees usually have a wide crown. The bark of the common hawthorn is brown or gray. The leaves are unusual - shiny, leathery, bright or dark green above, but lighter below. Against their background, white flowers blooming in May-June look good.

Among the variety of species (more than 80), blood-red hawthorn is widely known and ubiquitous. It is the only one used for medicinal purposes. It was he who was affectionately called the lady by the people. But the lady is not afraid of frost, the hawthorn is frost-resistant and unpretentious: its powerful root system easily adapts to any soil. Planting and caring for hawthorn is very simple. He only likes the soil to be moist, but is not indifferent to sunlight. That's all the conditions for the cultivation of hawthorn to be successful.

How hawthorn bears fruit

The fruits of the hawthorn ripen in August-September. From the bush you can collect up to 15-20 kg. Only now the fruiting of the hawthorn begins from the 10th year after planting, until this time the harvest is rare, few berries are harvested. Other years are completely fruitless. The fruits of the hawthorn are 1-3 cm in diameter, have a variety of shapes - spherical, oval, pear-shaped. They vary in taste, everything determines the type of hawthorn. The taste of blood-red hawthorn pulp is mealy, sweetish, slightly astringent. Inside the fetus there are 1-5 hard seeds. Freshly picked fruits are suitable for consumption, however, a large number of fruits eaten can lead to chills, shortness of breath and other painful phenomena.

We propagate the hawthorn ourselves

Hawthorn propagates by seeds, root offspring, root cuttings.

When propagated by seeds, seeds are sown in which the seeds are located. Seeds are difficult to germinate because of the hard shell of the pits. Therefore, to improve seed germination, stratification is needed. They make it like that. The bones are mixed with wet peat or sand in a ratio of 1:3 in a small box, after which the box is transferred to a room with a temperature of 4-7 degrees (basement, refrigerator, space between the frames on the windowsill) and left for 3-4 months.

It is best to start stratification immediately after collection, in August. After that, you can immediately place the seeds in the substrate on the windowsill, occasionally watering the substrate to keep it moist.

It accelerates the germination of seeds by washing the seeds in running water, as well as collecting the seeds before the fruit ripens.

Often the reason for the lack of seedlings is that there are no seeds in the pits, therefore the seeding rate of hawthorn is large - per 1 sq. meter 10-20 g. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm, and the distance between rows is 20-25 cm. Do not expect quick results, it happened that the seeds sprouted only in the second year. The seedlings are also growing slowly. They are grown for 3, and sometimes 4 years, until they form a fairly stable root system. Then they are transplanted to a permanent place.

When propagated by seeds, seedlings begin to bear fruit for 10 years, and when propagated by root offspring and root cuttings - by 3-4. However, with this method of propagation, seedlings do not always form their own root system. Reproduction by root cuttings is carried out in autumn or early spring, for this, roots with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm are taken and cut into cuttings 6-10 cm long, planted with a thin end into the ground, the upper end of the cutting is left 1-2 cm above the soil, the best landing site - bed, soil - sandy. After planting, the soil should be watered and mulched to retain moisture.

We plant hawthorn correctly

If the hawthorn has taken root in you, it should be transplanted to a permanent place in spring or autumn. For planting, pits are dug with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 40 cm. Before planting, the pits are filled with fertile soil mixed with organic and mineral fertilizer (10 kg of compost or manure and 100 g of nitroammofoska). Long and broken roots to healthy wood are cut and dipped in a mixture of clay and mullein. In 3-year-old seedlings, before planting, the side shoots and the top are cut to 1/3 of the length.

How to plant a hedge

To lay a hedge, they dig a trench 40-50 cm wide for a single-row and 1 m for a double-row hedge, 50-70 cm deep. If the excavated soil is infertile, peat is added to it, humus and the trench is buried with the mixture. Pull the cord, and dig a groove along it. For a single-row hedge, plants are planted with a distance in a row of 30-50 cm from each other, for a two-row hedge - 50-70 cm, placing the plants in rows in a checkerboard pattern.

It is recommended to plant plants at the age of 3-6 years. Preferably one type and age: for a single-row hedge - 2-3-year-old seedlings 25-30 cm high, for a two-row hedge - larger. Hawthorn tolerates shearing and shaping well. Depending on the purpose, hedges come in different heights - from 0.5 to 5 m. Very decorative hedges 3-5 m high - living walls, formed or freely growing.

In the first 2-3 years after planting, the hedge requires maintenance. Moreover, the treated care strip should be 50-70 cm wider on both sides of the hedge itself. Weeding and loosening the soil around the hedge should be mandatory procedures for your attention. Two years after planting, your hedge needs to be fed: 2-4 kg of organic fertilizers per 1 square meter and mineral fertilizers - 40-60 g of NPK each.

Healing recipes from hawthorn

Tincture of hawthorn flowers.

10 g of freshly picked flowers pour 100 g of 70% alcohol or vodka. Insist 14 days, strain. Take 15-30 drops in 30-40 minutes. before meals 3 times a day.

Infusion of hawthorn flowers.

5 g (1 tablespoon) of dried raw materials pour 200 ml of boiling water. Insist. Take 1/2 cup every 30-40 minutes. before meals 2-3 times a day.

Tincture of hawthorn fruit.

10 g of crushed dry raw materials pour 100 g of 70% alcohol or strong vodka. Insist 14 days, strain. Take 30-40 drops with water for 30-40 minutes. before meals 3-4 times a day.

Infusion of hawthorn fruit.

15 g (1 tablespoon) of crushed dry raw materials pour 200 ml of boiling water. Insist. Take 1/2 or 1/3 cup for 30-40 minutes. before meals 2-3 times a day. Hawthorn fruit extract 25 g of crushed raw materials pour 100 ml of boiling water. Boil until the volume of liquid is reduced by half. Take 30-40 drops in 30 minutes. before meals 3 times a day.

Hawthorn jam.

The sorted and washed ripe fruits (1 cup) are poured into a saucepan, 1/2 cup of water is added and boiled until softened. The broth is decanted into a separate bowl. Then they are rubbed through a colander, the seeds and skin are thrown away, and the mashed mass is mixed with broth and sugar (0.9-1.0 kg of mashed mass and broth). Boil until thick sour cream, stirring constantly. It is advisable to add citric or tartaric acid during cooking (1-1.5 g per 1 kg of mass).

Hawthorn mashed with sugar.

The fruits are blanched for 2-3 minutes. in boiling water or steam in a pressure cooker and wipe. 0.3-0.5 kg of sugar is added to 1 kg of puree. Then pasteurized in boiling water.

Take 1 kg of fresh hawthorn fruit, 1 liter of water, 50 g of granulated sugar. Well-washed fruits pour 0.5 liters of water and cook on low heat for 1-2 hours, rub hot through a sieve. Add granulated sugar to the resulting puree, add water to a volume of 1 liter, bring to a boil, cool. Use the juice as a medicinal and dietary drink 1-2 glasses a day for insomnia, nervous excitement, high blood pressure.

Juice from hawthorn fruit.

The sorted washed fruits are loaded into the juice cooker. To improve the taste, up to 20% by weight of sea buckthorn, quince or antonovka apples are added to them. Hot juice is poured into scalded bottles and hermetically sealed.

The washed and seeded fruits are dipped in hot syrup (400 g of sugar per 1 liter of water) and left overnight. In the morning they are separated from the syrup and laid out in scalded jars, and then poured with hot syrup, pasteurized in water and hermetically sealed.

Ripe and washed fruits are heated with a small amount of water, and then passed through a manual juicer to crush the pulp and separate the seeds. Sugar is added to the resulting puree (1 kg per 1 kg of puree, or to taste) and boiled over low heat until the desired consistency. At the end of cooking add citric acid to taste. The finished product is stored in closed glass jars.

Jam from the fruits of hawthorn and Japanese quince.

Hawthorn fruit and cut and seeded Japanese quince fruit (1 kg each) are heated to soften with a little water, and then passed through a manual juicer to separate the pulp from seeds and solids. For 1 kg of the resulting puree, add 1-1.2 kg of sugar and boil until tender. In the same way, jam is prepared from hawthorn fruits with the addition of sea buckthorn fruits, Nevezhinsky mountain ash or sour apples.

To prepare jam from hawthorn fruits and apples, the amount of sugar is reduced by half.

You may be interested in:

• Sofia grape variety: description, photos and reviews Among the variety of hybrid forms, Sofia grapes deserve special attention. This is a variety of amateur selection by V.V. Zagorulko. gold medalist of the First All-Ukrainian exhibition-competition "The Best Grape Bunch of Ukraine 2009". Arcadia and Kishmish Radiant - […]
• Alternative treatment of asthma Folk remedy of Russian healers for the treatment of asthma No. 1 500 g of honey, 100 g of butter, 70 g of horseradish root gruel and garlic. Mix and take 1 tbsp. 1 hour before meals for 2 months. Folk remedy of Russian healers for the treatment of asthma No. 2 24 g rosemary, 15 g stinging nettle. […]
Elegant children's dresses for girls A collection of elegant children's dresses for girls in the Pink Boutique online store. The catalog contains designer outfits for girls aged 1 to 13 years. Pick up a festive elegant dress for any special occasion. Available in different colors and […]
• Description and application of an unusual variety of bird cherry Colorata Bird cherry has been grown in Russia for a long time. This tree is famous for its beautiful appearance and unique aroma during flowering. Various parts of this plant have medicinal properties. Therefore, they are often used in folk […]
• A site about a garden, a summer residence and house plants. Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing cottages - all with your own hands. Hippeastrum (photo) home care Hippeastrum flower - cultivation and care at home A dossier on hippeastrum Representatives of the genus Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum) - […]
• What are the plants? The main groups of plants All plants, regardless of their size and habitat, are arranged in the same way, and have common parts: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. But there are much more differences, and above all, this applies to appearance. All plants can be divided into 3 main […]