Bromine and bromine water are used in medicine, construction, agriculture and many other areas of human life.
Bromine water is a yellow-orange liquid, but it becomes discolored during some reactions. Why is this happening? And what substances can affect the change in its color?

Bromine water is an aqueous solution of bromine. It is capable of oxidizing metals as well as a number of organic compounds. When reacted with compounds containing multiple bonds, it becomes discolored. This process is a qualitative reaction to the unsaturation of organic compounds. The disappearance of the color of the solution is evidence of unsaturation.

Examples of bleaching reactions of bromine water

When bromine water reacts with alkynes and alkenes, the resulting solution becomes discolored. Alkenes are characterized by an unsaturated double bond, and alkynes have a triple bond, which determines their properties. During the interaction, double and triple bonds are broken, bromine is added. As a result, bromide compounds are formed. Alkanes do not discolor bromine water.

An aqueous solution of bromine also loses color when interacting with unsaturated oils, which also have double and triple bonds.

During the reaction of potassium iodide and an aqueous solution of bromine, free iodine molecules are removed, and the solution becomes discolored.

In order to be convinced of the given examples, it is enough to simply mix the indicated substances under laboratory conditions. Heating, exposure to light, the participation of catalysts is not required. Such experiments are carried out while studying at school and vocational education institutions, but they should not be carried out at home, since bromine is toxic and has a strong unpleasant odor.

Alkines (aka acetylenic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons containing a triple bond between carbon atoms, with the general formula CnH2n-2. The carbon atoms in the triple bond are in the state of sp - hybridization.

Interaction of acetylene with bromine water

The acetylene molecule contains a triple bond, bromine destroys it and joins acetylene. Terabromoethane is formed. Bromine is spent on the formation of tetrabromoethane. Bromine water (yellow) - discolored.

This reaction proceeds at a lower rate than in the series of ethylene hydrocarbons. The reaction also proceeds in steps:

HC ≡ CH + Br 2 → CHBr = CHBr + Br 2 → CHBr 2 - CHBr 2

acetylene → 1,2-dibromoethane → 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane

Discoloration of bromine water proves that acetylene is not saturated.

Reaction of acetylene with potassium permanganate solution

In a solution of potassium permanganate, acetylene is oxidized, while the molecule breaks at the site of the triple bond, the solution quickly becomes discolored.

3НC ≡ СН + 10KMnO 4 + 2H 2 O → 6CO 2 + 10KOH + 10MnO 2

This reaction is a qualitative double and triple bond reaction.

Reaction of acetylene with ammonia solution of silver oxide

If acetylene is passed through an ammonia solution of silver oxide, the hydrogen atoms in the acetylene molecule are easily replaced by metals, since they have high mobility. In this experiment, hydrogen atoms are replaced by silver atoms. Formed silver acetylenide - yellow precipitate (explosive).

CH ≡ CH + OH → AgC≡CAg ↓ + NH 3 + H 2 O

This reaction is a qualitative reaction to the triple bond.

3) CH3 O CH3

4) CH3COO CH3

3.Specify a compound containing a carboxyl group:

1) aromatic alcohol

2) aldehyde

3) simple ether

4.Specify a compound containing a carbonyl group:

1) aromatic alcohol

2) aldehyde

3) simple ether

4) unsaturated polybasic acid

5.Name the connection: O

CH3 - CH - CH - C

1) 2-methyl-3-bromobutanol-1

2) 2-bromo-3-methylbutanal

3) 2-methyl-3-bromobutanal

4) 2-bromo-3-methylpropanal

6. Reaction СН3СНО + Ag2O СН3СООН + 2 Ag:

1) Polycondensation

2) Esterification

3) "silver mirror"

4) Kucherova

7. The functional group of carboxylic acids is called:

1) Carbonyl

2) Hydroxyl

3) Carboxyl

4) ester

8. Acetic acid does not react with the following metal:

9. What is the name of the aldehyde:

1) 2-Methyl-3-propylbutanal;
2) 2,3-dimethylhexanal;
3) 4,5-dimethylhexanal;
4) 2-methyl-2-propylbutanal

10. What is the general carbohydrate formula:

11. Indicate the carbohydrate, which is the main part of the wood:

1) Starch

2) Cellulose

4) Maltose

12. What is the fructose formula:

13.Pentose, which is part of DNA, is:

1) Glucose

2) Fructose

4) deoxyribose

14. Milk sugar is a disaccharide:

1) Sucrose

2) Maltose

3) Lactose

4) Galactose

15. Beet or cane sugar is a disaccharide:

1) Maltose

2) Sucrose

3) Galactose

4) Lactose

16. Malt sugar:

1) Galactose

2) Sucrose

3) Lactose

4) Maltose

17. In plant cells, starch performs the function of:

1) Transfer of hereditary information

2) Supply of nutrients

3) Construction and structural

4) Catalyst biological processes

18. In plant cells, cellulose performs the function of:

1) Supply of nutrients

2) Catalyst of biological processes

3) Construction and structural

4) Transfer of hereditary information

19. Give a name to the connection:

CH3 - CH - CH - CH3

1) 3-methylbutanol-2 3) 3-methylpropanone-2

2) 2-methylbutanol-3 4) 2 -methylpropanal-2

20. Complete the equation of the chemical reaction and give it a name:

R1 - C + HO - R2 ↔

1) hydration 3) joining

2) esterification reaction 4) substitution

Among the characteristics listed below, select those that generally relate to liquid fats - oils:

1) Are of plant origin

2) Are of animal origin

3) Well soluble in water

4) Well soluble in organic solvents

7) decolorize bromine water

8) Are esters of glycerin

Give your answer as a sequence of numbers in ascending order.

B-2 Match a fat characteristic to an example of a fat that matches that characteristic. Give your answer in the form of a sequence of numbers corresponding to letters in alphabetical order:

CHARACTERISTIC:

A) solid fat of vegetable origin

B) solid fat of animal origin

C) Liquid fat of animal origin

D) Liquid fat of vegetable origin

1) Flaxseed oil

2) Butter

3) Fish oil

4) Palm oil

Hello. Help me please. 1) Indicate the number of isomeric carboxylic acids of the composition C5H10O2: a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 d)

2) When dissolved in water, 1 mol of acetic anhydride is formed:

a) 2 mol of ethanal

b) 2 mol of ethanol

c) 2 mol of acetic acid

d) 1 mol of methyl acetate

3) What substances does sodium acetate react with:

a) Hydrochloric acid

b) Sodium hydroxide when heated

c) Carbonic acid

4) When ethanol and carbon monoxide (II) interact, the corresponding conditions are obtained?

a) ethanal

b) propanal

c) propanoic acid

d) methyl acetate

5) What type of reactions can unsaturated carboxylic acids enter into: a) Oxidation

b) Polymerization

c) Accessions

d) Esterification

6) What substances does formic acid react with:

a) Copper II chloride

b) Sodium sulfate

c) Potassium hydrogen carbonate

d) ammonia solution of silver oxide I

7) Unlike stearic acid, oleic acid:

a) Liquid at room temperature

b) soluble in water

c) Discolours bromine water

d) Reacts with alkalis

8) What substances react with water:

a) linoleic acid

b) ethanol

c) propanal

d) propane

9) Which one reagent can be used to distinguish between solutions of glycerin, propanal, and ethanic acid:

a) Bromine water

b) potassium carbonate

c) copper hydroxide II

d) nitric acid

10) In reactions with which substances with the participation of acetic acid, a hydrosyl group is split off from its molecule:

a) Metals

b) Alkalis

c) alcohols

d) metal carbonates

Help pliz, solve two problems! :( put 11 points 1) With which of the following substances: sodium hydroxide, bromic water, dimethyl ether -

Task number 1

Choose two statements that hold true for acetylene

1) all carbon atoms in the state sp 2-hybridization

2) has structural isomers

3) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

4) well soluble in water

5) under normal conditions is a gas

Answer: 35

Task number 2

Choose two statements that hold true for alkynes

1) are saturated hydrocarbons

2) enter into addition reactions

3) can exist in the form cis-, trance- isomers

5) decolorize bromine water

Answer: 25

Task number 3

1) have the general formula C n H 2n

2) carbon atoms in molecules are linked to each other only by σ-bonds

3) react with sodium

4) react with bromine

5) can be obtained from dihaloalkanes

Answer: 45

Task number 4

Choose two statements that are true for ethine

1) poorly soluble in water

2) has interclass isomers

3) is the main component of natural gas

4) can be obtained by hydrolysis of calcium carbide

5) the molecule has a tetrahedral structure

Answer: 14

Task number 5

Pick two statements that hold true for propyne.

1) enters into a substitution reaction without breaking the triple bond

2) upon trimerization forms 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

3) can be obtained by hydrolysis of aluminum carbide

4) is liquid, under normal conditions

5) do not discolor an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate

Answer: 12

Task number 6

Choose two statements that hold true for butine -1

1) enters into substitution reactions with OH

2) in the hydration reaction forms butanol-2

3) formed during the dehydrogenation of butane

4) reacts with bromine water

5) is isomers of isoprene

Answer: 14

Task number 7

Choose two statements that are true for butine-1.

1) does not react with water

2) enters into substitution reactions with Cl

3) upon hydration forms an aldehyde

4) is an isomer of divinyl

5) is able to attach only 1 mole of hydrogen

Answer: 24

Task number 8

Choose two statements that are true for both butyne-1 and butyne-2.

1) 1 mol of hydrocarbon during hydration can only add 1 mol of water

2) are liquids under normal conditions

3) enter into substitution reactions with an ammonia solution of silver oxide

4) among the reaction products with an acidified solution of KMnO 4 there are carboxylic acids

5) can be obtained from 2-chlorobutane in one step

Answer: 14

Task number 9

Choose two statements that are true for butyne-1 and butyne-2.

1) when hydrated, they form the same substance

2) the molecules are flat

3) can be obtained from 1,1-dibromobutane and 2,3-dibromobutane, respectively

4) enter into substitution reactions with sodium

5) can exist in the form cis-, trance-isomers

Answer: 13

Task number 10

Pick two statements that are true for all alkynes.

1) discoloration of bromine water

2) react with ammonia solution of silver oxide

3) the presence of structural isomers

4) highly soluble in water

5) have the general formula of the homologous series C n H 2n-2

Answer: 15

Task number 11

Pick two statements that are true for all alkynes.

1) the molecules are flat

2) all carbon atoms in molecules are linked by π-bonds

3) refer to unsaturated hydrocarbons

4) enter into a dehydration reaction

5) poorly soluble in water

Answer: 35

Task number 12

Choose two statements that not are valid for alkynes.

1) can exist in the form cis-, trance- isomers

2) burn in air

4) enter into hydrogenation reactions

5) when interacting with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate form glycols

Answer: 15

Task number 13

Pick two statements that are true for both ethylene and acetylene.

1) belong to the class of alkenes

2) under normal conditions are gases

3) decolorize bromine water

5) have the general formula of the homologous series C n H 2 n

Answer: 23

Task number 14

Pick two statements that are true for both ethane and acetylene.

1) decolorize an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate

2) poorly soluble in water

3) form explosive mixtures with air

Task number 15

Pick two statements that are true for both propane and propyne.

1) enter into hydration reactions

2) capable of oxidation with oxygen

3) have interclass isomers

4) react with bromine

5) all carbon atoms in molecules are in the state sp 3-hybridization

Answer: 24

Task number 24

From the proposed list, select two substances that are structural isomers of pentin-2.

1) 3-methylbutin-1

2) pentin-1

3) 3-methylpentine-1

4) hexin-2

5) pentene-1

Answer: 12

Task number 25

From the proposed list, select two substances that are structural isomers of pentine-1.

1) pentadiene-1,3

2) hexadiene-1,3

3) butadiene-1,3

5) 3-methylbutin-1

Answer: 15

Task number 26

From the proposed list, select two substances that have carbon atoms in the molecule in the state sp-hybridization.

1) isoprene

2) acetylene

5) butadiene-1,3

Answer: 24

Task number 27

From the proposed list, select two substances that have a carbon atom in the state sp-hybridization

1) divinyl

2) propylene

5) butadiene-1,2

Answer: 45

Task number 28

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which ethin can react.

2) potassium hydroxide

3) ammonia solution of silver oxide

4) bromine water

5) sodium chloride

Answer: 34

Task number 29

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which propyne can react.

1) copper (II) oxide

2) potassium permanganate solution

3) potassium hydroxide

Answer: 25

Task number 33

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances that can undergo a hydrohalogenation reaction.

2) cyclopropane

3) cyclopentane

5) methylpropane

Answer: 24

Task number 34

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances that can undergo an oligomerization reaction.

3) acetylene

4) cyclopentane

5) methylcyclohexane

Answer: 13

Task number 35

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances that not can undergo a hydrohalogenation reaction.

2) cyclopropane

3) 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane

Answer: 35

Task number 40

2) hydrogen

4) hydrogen chloride

5) oxygen

Answer: 15

Task number 41

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which both acetylene and ethane can react.

1) bromine water

3) oxygen

4) potassium permanganate solution

5) ammonia solution of silver oxide

Answer: 23

Task number 42

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which both propyne and propene can react

1) sodium hydroxide

2) hydrogen bromide

3) bromine water

5) cyclopentane

Answer: 23

Task number 44

From the proposed list of compounds, select two substances with which both propyne and propane can react

1) bromine water

2) potassium permanganate

3) oxygen

4) hydrogen

Answer: 35

Task number 47

From the proposed list of reactions, select two that can be used to synthesize acetylene.

2) CH 3 Cl + H 2 O

4) CH 2 Cl-CH 2 Cl + 2NaOH

5) CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2

Answer: 14

Task number 48

From the proposed list of reactions, select two that can be used to obtain propyne.

1) NaC≡C-CH 3 + CH 3 Cl

2) NaC≡C-CH 3 + HCl

3) CH 2 = CH-CH 3 + H 2

4) CH 2 Cl-CHCl-CH 3 + 2KOH (alcohol)

5) CH 2 Cl-CHCl-CH 3 + 2KOH (aq)

Answer: 24

Task number 49

1,2-dichloroethane acetylene silver acetylenide

3) KOH (aqueous solution)

4) OH

5) KOH (alcohol solution)

Answer: 54

Task number 50

The following scheme of substance transformations is presented:

1,2-dichloropropane X dimethyl ketone

Determine which of the specified substances are substances X and Y

2) H 2 C = CH-CH 3

4) НС≡С-СН 3

Answer: 41

Task number 51

The following scheme of substance transformations is presented:

acetylene X Y

1) 1,2-dichloroethane

4) acetaldehyde

5) 1,1-dichloroethane

Answer: 53

Task number 52

The following scheme of substance transformations is presented:

calcium carbide X Y

Determine which of the specified substances are substances X and Y

5) HC≡C― HC = CH 2

Answer: 34

Task number 53

The following scheme of substance transformations is presented:

sodium acetylenide acetylene Y

Determine which of the specified substances are substances X and Y.

1) hydrogen

2) 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

4) hydrogen bromide

5) chloromethane

Answer: 43

Task number 54

The following scheme of substance transformations is presented:

NaC≡C-CH 3 X Potassium acetate

Determine which of the specified substances are substances X and Y

2) KMnO 4 (H 2 SO 4)

3) HC≡C-CH 2 -CH 3

4) H 3 C-C≡C-CH 3

Answer: 45

Alkyne. Tasks for establishing compliance.

Task number 1

Establish a correspondence between the name of the substance and the class / group of organic compounds to which this substance belongs:

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 2134

Task number 2

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 5335

Task number 3

Establish a correspondence between the formulas of substances and the reagent with which they can be distinguished: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 3434

Task number 4

Establish a correspondence between the formula of a hydrocarbon and the main product of its interaction with hydrogen chloride at a molar ratio of 1: 1: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 4612

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the formula of alkyne and the main product of its interaction with an excess of hydrogen bromide: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 4561

Task number 6

Establish a correspondence between the name of the alkyne and the product of its interaction with water: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 6433

Task number 7

Establish a correspondence between the name of organic matter and the product of its interaction with alcoholic solution of alkali : for each position marked with a letter, select the corresponding position marked with a number.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

BUT	B	IN	G

Answer: 6153

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between the dihalogenoalkane and the product of its interaction with alcoholic solution of alkali : for each position marked with a letter, select the corresponding position marked with a number.

REAGENTS	INTERACTION PRODUCT
A) 1,2-dichloroethane