Portal about sewerage and downpipes / Cesspool / Trading on the stock exchange. How to trade the stock market for beginners

Trading on the stock exchange. How to trade the stock market for beginners

03.07.2022

The Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) has existed since 1992. In 2012, it was merged with RTS and renamed Moscow Exchange OJSC.

Almost immediately, the updated MICEX became the best Russian stock exchange both in terms of the number of clients working on it and in terms of trading volume. Today the Moscow Exchange is one of the twenty largest in the world.

The principle of operation of the Moscow Exchange

On the Moscow Exchange, transactions are made with currencies, securities, shares of exchange-traded funds, futures, options, precious metals and other financial instruments. The clients of the trading platform are credit institutions, management companies, non-state pension funds, exchange intermediaries, institutional and private investors who work on the exchange through intermediary brokers. The main work on the Moscow Exchange is concentrated in data centers, where powerful equipment and special software are installed, which are necessary for conducting and accounting for exchange transactions. Investors send applications for transactions through trading terminals that are connected to the Internet. All information received from users is recorded in the exchange database.

The Moscow Exchange pays special attention to security. It is excluded that personal data will be stolen or lost: each transaction carried out in the system will be verified by the investor's electronic signature.

How can a beginner start trading on the Moscow Exchange?

There is nothing complicated in starting trading on the Moscow Stock Exchange. To gain access to the Moscow Exchange, you need to perform a number of simple operations:

Find the right broker. The domestic securities market is designed in such a way that individuals cannot trade on the stock exchange directly. Therefore, all exchange transactions on behalf of private investors are carried out by stock brokers. Finding an intermediary is what it takes to start trading on the Moscow Exchange. The general list of bidders is presented on the website of the exchange.
Choose a rate. You need to start working on the exchange by choosing a tariff plan from a broker. To do this, soberly assess the volume of transactions you plan to make. For traders who do not carry out too many operations on the exchange, tariff plans with a fixed minimum payment for brokerage services are suitable. Active investors should compare rates in terms of the commission charged for the volume of transactions made during a certain period: as a rule, the larger the volume of transactions, the lower the commission for transactions.
Conclude a service agreement with a broker. There are two ways to do this: without leaving your home, open an account remotely through the public services portal or personally come to the office of a brokerage company. When visiting in person, you must have a set of documents with you, a list of which can be found on the official website of the intermediary. After the conclusion of the contract, a brokerage account will be opened in the name of the applicant.
Select a trading terminal. To start trading on the Moscow Exchange, you need the right software. Each broker offers its own version of the trading terminal, sometimes even its own design. The list of the most popular includes QUIK and MetaTrader 5.
Set up software. To set up the software, we recommend watching a video course on working in the QUIK program or a video course on Metatrader 5.
Deposit funds to the account. Even for "dummies" it is no secret that it is impossible to trade on the Moscow Exchange without money. Therefore, before you start real trading, deposit some money into your account. This can be done both through the bank's cash desk and through numerous online services. It should be remembered that the money on the account is not insured, so the trader takes full responsibility for incorrectly conducted transactions. Therefore, before you start trading on the stock exchange, you should study all the subtleties well.

How are trading on the Moscow Exchange going?

There are three main markets on the Moscow Exchange, and each of them has its own schedule.

The stock section of the Moscow Exchange is the base platform where you can invest in Russian or foreign assets. This section is available to both residents of the Russian Federation and residents of other countries.

The start time of trading on the main market of the Moscow Exchange is 10:00 (MSK), the pre-trading period starts at 09:45.

The main auctions are held from 10:00 to 18:40 (MSK).

On the currency section of the Moscow Exchange in two delivery modes - TOD (for today) and TOM (for tomorrow) - Swiss francs, US dollars, pounds sterling, euros, Chinese yuan and Hong Kong dollars are traded. All currencies are traded against the ruble.

Trading hours on the currency section with TOD delivery mode:

US dollars - from 10:00 to 17:15 (MSK)

Swiss francs, pounds sterling, euro - from 10:00 to 15:15 (MSK)

Chinese Yuan and Hong Kong Dollars - 10:00 AM to 10:45 AM (MSK)

Trading hours on the currency section with TOM delivery mode for all currencies are from 10:00 to 23:50 (MSK)

The derivatives section of the Moscow Exchange is the territory of futures and options contracts. The list of the most demanded assets includes the RTS index, currencies of different countries, oil, gold, raw materials.

The pre-trading period on the derivatives market starts at 9:45 am. Trading starts at 10:00 and continues until 23:50 (MSK).

More detailed information about the trading schedule can be found on the Moscow Exchange website.

Instruction

Choose a broker and conclude an agreement with him. This is due to the fact that an individual cannot directly send orders to the exchange. For this, there are special organizations, brokers, which provide them with the opportunity to take part in exchange trading. It provides you with a trading terminal, a program for working on the stock exchange, maintains its accounting, removes income tax. You for this broker a commission, a small share of the turnover.

Determine the amount of commission that should be paid to him. In addition to it, other deductions are possible, it all depends on the cost of the broker's services. Since it is taken from your turnover, its size will affect the transaction price. A lower commission makes it possible to play short trades, thus providing more opportunities to increase profits.

Select an exchange terminal. This is an important moment at the beginning of trading on the stock exchange. They are of different types and differ in connection reliability and a set of services provided. But all of them provide an opportunity for current stock prices, drawing quotes charts, and announcing an order for or sale. First, you will be offered demo access to the terminal, which will give you the opportunity to visually determine the capabilities of the program. Communication with the broker is carried out via the Internet, there is no need to visit the office.

Install the terminal on your computer. After that, two questions will arise - at what time, and when to sell shares. There are several strategies, one of them is to play only for a raise. This has both pluses and minuses. The positive side of this strategy is that you always know your next move, the disadvantages are the inability to flexibly enter the trading process. But for a beginner, this is the preferred tactic. When trading, it should be borne in mind that no one knows the price for sure, unless, of course, you are the Minister of Finance. Therefore, one should proceed from the current situation, it is advisable not to trade against the market, i.e. if the papers fall, do not “pick them up” until they fall to the “bottom”.

Watch out for losses. Since you are just starting stock trading, this is especially important, it will still be difficult for you to psychologically realize the losses. When buying shares, you are waiting for profits, and if the trend has turned not in your direction, you can stubbornly not close the losing position, thereby stupidly watching the increasing losses that destroy your account. In order to avoid such a scenario, you should consider in advance the price level at which the position needs to be closed if the price is against you. Use stop-loss (loss limit) in the terminal. The position in this case will be closed automatically when the price reaches the level set in the order. Losses should be cut ruthlessly.

access to it. Through the program, you go to a specific exchange and start buying and selling shares, playing on fluctuations in their prices. If the forecasts are favorable, then the shares can be held longer in order to make a big profit.

What are the functions of a broker? Firstly, all contracts that you enter into for the purchase or sale of shares will be signed with his participation. Secondly, it provides you with the necessary programs. Thirdly, he teaches you how to work on the stock exchange through free seminars. The first month you make not real deals, training, studying market trends, analyzing the reasons for price drops and rises. After this trial period, you can start real trading.

The question of whose shares to buy is far from idle. Hundreds of issuing companies with different popularity among traders are spinning on the stock exchange. It depends on liquidity, which determines the size of the spread - the corridor between the optimal price for selling and buying shares. The longer the corridor, the less liquid the stock. It makes sense to buy such shares only for long-term investments.

If you want to actively sell and buy stocks, then it is better to stay on liquid stocks - blue chips. These include shares of companies whose financial well-being is guaranteed. In Russia, these are mainly organizations that control the extraction and sale of natural energy sources: Lukoil, RAO UES of Russia, SurgutNefteGaz, Rostelecom, Sibneft, Norilsk Nickel, Tatneft, Sibneft, and somewhat apart - Sberbank of Russia.

To buy or sell a share, a trader needs to place an order on the stock exchange through the terminal, indicating the number of shares and the desired sale or purchase price. The system automatically checks if there are counter deals, if there are any, then the deal is automatically closed. If this does not happen immediately, then the application hangs until a counter offer appears, or until the trader cancels it.

When buying a share, you pay not for a hard copy, but practically, for a record in the depositary about the fact of the purchase. From the database of the depository you can get an extract about the shares you own. The depository is maintained by the same brokerage company where you trade.

In addition to the basic income associated with the difference in buying and selling shares, you will receive dividends from those shares that you own.

Amount to trade

We are deeply convinced that for trading it is better to have a deposit that would be at least minimally significant for you, but not too large. Traders call such amounts “comfortable” for trading. The potential loss of a deposit should not hit your financial condition hard. If you have too much money, you will be very nervous when making transactions. And in this case, trade will be very tense and squeezed.

Now it's time to talk about how to trade correctly in order to minimize losses and make profits. It will be about the methods and techniques of trading.

Preparing for trading. Deal planning

Before trading, conduct a market survey for the presence of trading instruments in which the potential for movement is brewing. Take the entire list you are trading and run through it. Calculate the possible price movement will help you. Look for signs that may herald a continuation or reversal of a trend.

Oscillator divergences can also help you identify inflection points in price action. To search for divergences, the RSI and MACD histogram indicators are quite suitable. We described the methods of trading on them in the article: "" and in the article "". Study them, all the tricks and methods of trading are described in detail there.

Learn to trade. Pass.

Graphic constructions will not be superfluous. Define significant ones to take them into account.

Be sure to check the economic calendar to know what market data will come out for the day. It is located on .

Pay attention only to really important news, they are classified in the calendar with three bull heads. The statistics themselves, as such, you do not need. You only need to know their release time. Because with a 99.9% probability, during the release of statistics, activity in the market will increase, and you will be ready for it. Make notes or set a reminder about the release time of important news in order to adjust your positions and orders if they are in the market at that moment.

Before the news

Complete the deal.
Close part of the deal and leave a stop order for the remaining volume.
Leave a trade with a stop order for reasonable level*.

* A reasonable level means the nearest local maximum or minimum. We talked about this in detail in the article "". We recommend you read it if you haven't already.

An example of a position before the news release when the price is close to the sell point

These measures are aimed at minimizing the risk optimally, since risk is the only thing in trading that a trader can control.

Before the release of important news never remove or move stop orders away from the initial set level, as traders with little trading experience like to do. This can significantly aggravate your trading position.

Consider an example of how the price might behave after the release news, and what we recommend to do in this situation. Let's assume that a deal is open, and important statistics will be released any minute.

After the news release

There are four options for price movement after the release of statistics:

1. The price sharply rushes towards an open transaction, instantly turning the position into profit:

In the case of this scenario of price behavior, it is necessary to immediately reduce the risks. This is done by moving the stop loss to at least the breakeven point.

2. The price goes sharply against an open position:

The clearest example of the use of stop losses. If a trader does not limit losses on transactions in any way, then his days in the market are numbered. It's just a matter of time. Always put your feet. Stop should not be in the head, as many people like to do, but in the terminal. We do not think that you will want to check the deplorable statistics on your money again.

3. The price sharply rushes in the direction of an open transaction, but then just as sharply turns back and goes against:

Usually, such a scenario occurs during the release of several news items at the same time. Accordingly, the market reacts differently.

4. The price has changed slightly and remains +/- in the same place:

This situation occurs, but much less frequently than an active reaction to the news.

What to do if you have no open deals before the news

If important market statistics are expected and you plan to win back, we recommend that you be very careful. And what definitely should not be done is to put pending applications. They can play tricks on you. Let's show with an example:

A classic case, when an order was knocked out with a spike, a position was opened, and the price abruptly went back. Most often, as in this example, it is the outer candle that performs such tricks. Read to know strategies on how to trade them and be ready.

A beginner will receive a big loss on such a deal, because. probably will not be able to put a stop loss, and will watch how the minus is growing rapidly on the trading account. Therefore, we recommend not to use pending orders before the release of statistical data. But what to do if you really want to trade the news?

To do this, you will have to switch to the minute timeframe. This is due to the fact that it will be almost one hundred percent possible where to tie a reasonable stop loss. And this is the most important, because trade should be carried out from risk:

Let's move on to the minute timeframe.
We are waiting for the first minute candle to close (the emotional reaction of the market to the news will pass).
We open a deal and at the same time, instantly, set a stop loss for the nearest minimum / maximum, depending on the side of the opening of the deal.

Everything! This is the easiest and most correct way to trade the news using the trading technique.

Now we need to make an important remark when trading before the news, after the news and the news itself.

If you were knocked out by a stop loss, then close the terminal and do not trade any more. Most likely, the market will then be too complicated and confusing to trade, and you can get into a state of tilt (overtrading), and take significant losses.

Trading technique and position management

An important link in trading, in addition to planning transactions, which was discussed above, is execution technique and position control. Let's look at an example of how the technique is carried out when opening a deal, and further support of the position.

A double bottom reversal pattern is forming on the price chart. While this is an assumption, because no breakdown of resistance yet:

As soon as you have discovered a potential formation, you should immediately place pending orders for a breakdown of its support or resistance. In this example, to work out the figure, we need a breakdown of resistance, so we place a pending order to buy.

If the figure is worked out, the deal will be opened. If not, then out of the market. We look at the development of events:

The price breaks the pattern's resistance level and activates a buy order. It is advisable to immediately set a stop loss to a reasonable level, which will be at the nearest local minimum. Also, you can postpone the goal, and wait for its fulfillment. How to determine goals, you can read in the article "".

But, we must not forget that the figures are not a panacea, and there are times when they do not work. You should consider the figure not as a signal that should be executed at 100%, but as a consolidation, after which, Maybe, there will be an impulsive movement. Therefore, if the figure did not work, there is a stop loss for this, which will not allow you to lose more than planned.

After entering a trade and setting a stop loss, the trader's primary task is to reduce risk and bring the trade to breakeven. And only then - profit targets. Because if the price movement scenario is predicted correctly, the profit will not be long in coming, and will be the result of proper planning.

Position control algorithm:

Entering a trade and setting a stop loss at a reasonable level.
Carrying over the stop loss in case of price movement in the direction of opening a position.
Transferring the stop loss to the breakeven point of the position (at the opening price of the transaction).
Profit-taking on the target of the figure or in parts along the price movement.

Let's stop at the fourth point. Now we will explain why and how to do it. When you take profits as the price moves, you reduce transaction risk and free up volume for opening positions on other instruments. You can close in parts, for example, on the breakdown of previous highs or lows, depending on whether the market is falling or rising.

It looks like this:

Please note that this is a very effective position management method that will help you trade the exchange as correctly as possible. Be sure to take it on board!

We could give many different examples, but we have already dragged out the article :) If you want to learn more, then sign up for training. We will teach you many working methods and tricks.

If you have any questions about the material - welcome to the comments! We will gladly answer you.

Good luck in trading!

Leading Forex Broker -

Greetings, dear subscribers and guests of my blog! Today, the word "action" (not to be confused with discounts in a hypermarket!) Is familiar to almost every high school student. They are traded by hundreds of thousands of Russians, traders and investors exchange experience and give advice.

Here in Russia, a quarter of a century ago, everything was just beginning, and now many participants in those events receive a good increase in their pensions in the form of dividends. Do you want to ensure a dignified and active old age? Then it's time to figure out how to trade stocks on the stock exchange.

When, during the voucher privatization, Russian citizens received their first securities, only a few knew how to choose the right shares, where they are traded, where to sell them later or, on the contrary, buy them in addition, how to learn to determine the right moment for buying and selling.

Since then, much has been simplified: securities have become book-entry, they are traded via the Internet, and many training courses for beginners have appeared. Of course, the courses are good, but the knowledge and experience of practitioners are no less useful.

Today I will try to dispel the fears of those of you who are almost ripe for trading stocks, but are not quite sure that they will succeed. Let's refresh our memory first.

What are shares

The action, as you know, secures a number of rights for the owner, which include the rights to part of the property (in the event of liquidation) of the joint-stock company, as well as part of its profits in the form of dividends, to participate in meetings of shareholders, and also (in the presence of a large block of shares ) to participate in the management of the company.

To become a shareholder, first of all, you need to purchase shares, which is documented in the form of an entry in the register of shareholders. There are several ways to resolve this issue. The easiest and most convenient way is to become a client of a brokerage company.

An individual does not have direct access to exchange trading, and the mediation of companies licensed for this activity is the only opportunity to trade securities at market quotations.

What is a broker for?

Are transactions possible without a broker? Yes, they are. For example, two individuals may enter into a share purchase agreement. It must contain the following information:

Type of shares (common or registered).
Issuer, i.e. the name of the joint stock company.
Nominal price of 1 CB, i.e. price at the time of issue.
The number of papers in pieces.
The current price of 1 share.
The full amount of the transaction.

The right to own shares passes from one owner to another only after appropriate changes in the register of shareholders. To do this, an entry is made in the register about the transfer of ownership from the seller to the buyer.

A necessary condition is a transfer order from the seller to the address of the registrar. In addition, additional annexes are drawn up containing the procedure for resolving possible disagreements. The buyer opens a personal account in the register, where the shares will be registered, for which a special questionnaire is filled out.

Agree, this way is laborious and it can be used when the shares are not in circulation on the open market, or if the transaction is made at prices that are very different from the market ones. In addition, trading without a broker is complicated by problems with finding sellers and buyers.

It is also possible to purchase shares directly from the issuer (in the case of an additional issue, after a buyback, and in some other cases). But newcomers do not need to delve into such subtleties, since such transactions are usually carried out in order to restructure securities packages between large shareholders.

So, if a decision is made to trade shares through a broker (the choice of a broker is a separate issue), it is necessary to conclude an agreement with him for the provision of brokerage services.

The contract specifies the rights and obligations of the parties when the broker executes the client's instructions, as well as the procedure for processing transactions by the clearing house. After that, all that remains to be done is to download the program - the trading terminal and start trading itself.

But the question of choosing stocks remains: which ones to start with? Russian brokerage companies like, or, allow you to trade not only Russian stocks, but also American ones.

How to choose stocks

For example, the Finam company allows you to gain access to trading on the Moscow Exchange (until December 2011 MICEX) and on the New York Stock Exchange NYSE (colloquially "nice").

All transactions can be made from a single trading account. For the right choice, it is useful to compare the returns of Russian and American stocks. Here is what is happening in the American information sector in 2017:

For comparison, TOP-3 among Russian ordinary shares included in the MICEX index.

However, there is a so-called. second-tier stocks, more risky, but potentially much more profitable:

What can be difficult for beginners is that these stocks are less liquid, ie. if necessary, they are more difficult to sell. The ratio of traded securities on the open market in Russia is shown in the diagram:

So all the same: what is better to trade? To do this, you need to analyze a number of factors:

The state of the industry to which the company belongs
Upside potential of the stock (actual return, whether it is overvalued or undervalued)
Dividend history of the company

For example, the shares of Mechel JSC by the summer of 2014 fell more than 90 times relative to the January 2011 high. The company was in a severe crisis. But the competent work of the management made it possible to save production and now the papers are already trading 15 times higher than their minimum with great potential for further growth.

Need to be borne in mind

People often ask how to trade stocks in Forex. Forex dealers themselves sometimes impose this service on beginners. But this is deception. The instrument traded in such companies is called CFD (Contract For Difference) - a contract for difference.

This means that the trader does not buy shares, but earns on the difference in quotes over a certain period. This is also possible, but in real stock trading you become a shareholder with all the ensuing rights, and in which case the money will not be lost along with a one-day company, which are many among forex dealers.

Books on the topic of stocks are constantly published, both classics and new ones. A good guide for beginners is:

And if you want to take an express course in the technical analysis of the market, get acquainted with the popular QUIK trading terminal and prepare for real trading, check out this free video webinar from the guru of the Russian market — Dmitry Mikhnov. It will be interesting!