At what depth should the heating pipes be laid. Depth of water pipes: practical tips

Sewerage system is one of the main elements of improvement of residential and industrial facilities. Communications laid in accordance with local conditions and in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations (SNiP) are able to ensure long-term trouble-free operation of buildings and structures - this is evidenced by the accumulated experience in construction in various regions of the country.

The depth of the pipe depends on the soil on the site

The essence of the problem of the depth of the pipe

The basis of the problem - at what depth should sewer pipes be laid for their operation in a given mode - are two basic conditions:

• lack of freezing of pipelines in the cold season;
• damage protection.

Temperature wastewater  even in the coldest periods it does not exceed 10-14 ° C - the increased temperature of the effluents is due to the fact that water enters the sewers, having been in heated rooms. In addition, the soil located above the sewer helps to maintain positive temperatures. If an aerator for a septic tank is built on the site, in winter the temperature in the septic tank can significantly decrease due to air coming from outside.

Options for resolving the issue: to what depth should the water pipe be buried?

As a rule, the depth is determined taking into account local conditions and meteorological data on the average depth of freezing of the soil.

If data on this area are not available, you should use special calculations and data of SNiP 2.04.03-85 p. 4.8, where the depth of sewer pipes is regulated:

1. Pipelines of small diameter (up to 500 mm) - to a depth of at least 300 mm from the depth of freezing of the soil.
2. Pipelines with a diameter of more than 500 mm - not less than 500 mm from the depth of freezing of the soil.

In any case, the sewage system cannot be laid closer than 700 mm from the ground level (planning mark).

Excavation work when laying pipelines should be subject to important conditions, the implementation of which can improve the efficiency of the further functioning of the sewage system and at the same time optimize capital construction costs. So, it is planned:

• The minimum amount of earthwork.
• Protection of pipelines from damage due to possible loads on the surface of the earth.
• Protection of drains from freezing and, as a consequence, from blockage of the pipeline.
• The supply of wastewater to a centralized sewage system from low-lying areas using pumping units.

When determining how deeply the pipeline is buried, factors are also taken into account:

1. The proximity of groundwater.
2. The composition of the soil.
3. The relief of the pipeline - each meter of change in elevation is important when making a decision.
4. Possible earthmoving technologies.

About laying water pipes

The construction of sewage systems implies the presence of a water supply system, the construction of which has special requirements, both for the quality of the supplied water and for the implementation of the numerous rules for its installation, regulated by SNiP 2.04.02-84 * in the part “Water conduits, water supply networks and structures on them”. after completing the design of all communications adjacent to the building and structures. The project provides, inter alia, the depth of laying water pipes. At what depth to dig in the water pipe depends on the freezing layer.

Although the functioning of sewer systems occurs in less difficult conditions than a water pipe operating under high pressure, the depth of the water supply (SNiP 2.04.02-84 *) must exceed the freezing depth by 0.5 m or more, counting from the upper level of the pipe. In accordance with numerous studies of climatic conditions in different regions of the Russian Federation, the average depth of soil freezing, on which the depth depends, is:

• in the southern regions: 0.5-1 m;
• in the middle lane: 1.2-2.0 m;
• in the north of Russia: 2.0-3.5 m.

When making the appropriate calculations during the construction of water supply and sanitation systems, it should be remembered that the maximum depth of soil freezing in individual areas can vary significantly.

First of all, you need to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil

Based on the foregoing, in the case of the arrangement of the water supply system, it is necessary to bury the water supply pipe to a depth exceeding the indicated levels by 0.5 meters from the upper level of the pipeline line.

The depth of laying water pipes (as well as sewer) can be reduced in cases where measures are provided for their additional insulation.

Types of sewer pipelines: options with drain, barrel, rings

To ensure the acceptance and removal of effluents, two main types of sewer pipelines are used:

1. Self-flowing.
2. Pressure

In areas with slight relief fluctuations, it is sufficient to provide gravity sewer pipelines, using the angle of inclination of the sewer pipe regulated by the rules, an important condition for reliable operation of the pipeline as a whole.

A small slope angle can lead to fast clogging and stopping the transportation of wastewater, an increased slope angle and fast runoff can lead to disruption of water gates on sewer plumbing fixtures. In addition, improper slope of the pipe can lead to accelerated wear. The norms provide for a slope of 1 meter of sewer pipeline:

• 20 mm - for a pipe diameter of 100 mm;
• 30 mm - for a pipe diameter of 50 mm.

A more significant length is regulated by SNiP 2.04.01-85 (paragraph 18.2). During the construction of sewer collectors, special calculations are carried out taking into account the minimum flow rates of the effluents, flow rate and level of filling of the collector.

The depth of gravity collectors can reach 8 m.

Pressure sewer with the use of pumping stations is used in difficult geological conditions of the area, when it is necessary to raise sewage to a height for their further transportation and disposal.

Proper laying of sewage in the area

The easiest way to equip a site is to install a septic tank. For its placement, it is best to prepare a concrete "sarcophagus" that will facilitate the operation of the device and protect it from groundwater. The septic tank is immersed in soil to a depth of 1.5 m, at a distance of at least 5 m from the house. The pipe connecting the tank to, should not have elbows and bends. To exclude freezing and related problems, you should dig a sewer pipe to a depth slightly higher than the average freezing depth, about 80 cm from the ground (if the road runs at the pipe laying site, the laying depth should be increased).

The depth of the sewer pipe in a private house also depends on the height of the exit point of the pipe from the house and the general terrain.

Gray sewage storm sewer

During the construction of the house, one must not forget about the storm sewage necessary for the removal of rain and groundwater and the exclusion of flooding of the building and structures located on the site. The depth of the storm sewer is taken in accordance with statistical data and special calculations. To simplify the task, professionals advise burying the drainpipe at a depth of:

• 0.3 m - with a pipe diameter of up to 500 mm;
• 0.7 m or more - with a pipe diameter of more than 500 mm.

To drain storm drains, you will also need a well or reservoir for collecting water and its subsequent use for economic purposes.

It should also be ensured:

• the maximum possible reduction in the volume of earthwork;
• safe operation of the system, eliminating the possibility of external damage and freezing of pipelines.

To what depth should the water supply and sewerage be buried, it is necessary to decide taking into account all the requirements for communication.

Today, almost every third resident of our state has a private house outside the city. Someone bought a ready-made house with all amenities, and someone just bought a plot on which he plans to build a house according to his plan. Sewerage in a private house is one of the most important communications, which must be created first.

Most often, the work is done with your own hands to save financial resources, which took so much to build a house. So, we will figure out how to properly lay the sewers in a private house.

When the sewage system is laid, it is important to consider the depth at which the pipes will be located. At the same time, you need to responsibly approach the laying of communications both inside the house and outside. From how well sewage will be performed, the term of its operation depends.

To what depth should the sewer pipe be buried?

If it was decided to independently create a sewage system in your home, then you need to take into account many nuances. It is necessary to prepare for work in advance, having studied the theoretical material.

Today, experts have developed many new ideas for laying sewer pipes. Those methods that were used thirty or even twenty years ago are of no interest to anyone today. They are morally obsolete. It used to be considered quite normal to have a toilet on the street.

But at this time it is simply intolerable even in villages. You must immediately say that you can hire professionals who will do all the work for you. Today, people are trying to save money. Therefore, we will do all the work with our own hands.

Septic tank ready for installation

The best option is to use a septic tank. It is installed in a pre-prepared large pit, which is called a foundation pit. It is important that the septic tank is located no closer than five meters to the house. The minimum permissible depth of the septic tank is one and a half meters. In order for the septic tank not to collapse due to soil pressure on the sides, in some cases, for reliability, walls are created according to the principle of the sarcophagus. Concrete formwork is used. This design also protects the septic tank from groundwater, which can harm the entire structure.

The depth of the sewer pipe, which is removed from the house, depends on how deep the septic tank will be located. It is very important that the sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank is not complicated by bends in the form of knees or bends. The best option is a straight pipe without bends.

An important factor is the depth of freezing of the soil. In each region, this depth may be different. Therefore, it does not hurt to turn to specialists who will tell you the depth of freezing of the soil in the coldest months of the year in your region. Otherwise, in winter, sewage may not pass due to the fact that the pipes are frozen. However, it is worth noting that you can not lay the pipe less than 70 centimeters from the surface.  Most often, the pipe is laid at a depth of half a meter. This condition is relevant if there is no road on top or the snow is not removed in that area.

And there is another very important point. Do not think that the pipe should not be buried above the freezing level. And that's why. For example, if the distance from the house to the septic tank is fifteen meters. The slope, as you know, should be about three centimeters per meter of pipe.  The initial pipe laying depth is added to this value. Here you should not even consider the depth to which you have to dig a septic tank. Here you need an excavator, which must dig a pit of five meters depth. But what if the underwater current is opened during operation? The pit will simply be filled with water, and the sewage system will remain in the septic tank. In addition, there are state requirements regarding the installation of a septic tank.

It is forbidden to break water channels and pollute the environment. In the end, you have to spend a lot of money on complex work.

In such a situation, it is appropriate to take care of a quality pipe insulation than to bury it to an unimaginable depth. Yes, and I must say that the freezing of sewer pipes is extremely rare - in severe frosts. Basically, sewage drains have a sufficient temperature so as not to freeze along the way from the house to the septic tank.

Measuring the depth of laying sewers in a private house

It is very important to use some more details in the work:

1. We use pipes of the required diameter. In order to determine the diameter of the pipes, it is necessary to carry out calculations that are based on the activity of using the sewer system.
2. The slope rate for each meter of pipe is three centimeters.
3. For work, you can use pipes from all kinds of existing materials.

If the sewer system implies the presence of a septic tank, then it must be borne in mind that the depth of the pipe laying also depends on the height of the house itself. It is important to observe the correct pipe installation. If you neglect these rules, then the sewage system will become clogged. The pipes must be provided with a normal flow of water with a normal pressure.

If in the house you can use all kinds of turns of sewer pipes, then on the street this is not acceptable.  The fact is that in corners the sewage stream loses speed. From this, over time, waste accumulates in the pipes, which are not washed away by a strong current.

The importance of the depth of the sewer pipe

Laying the sewer pipe to a certain depth is very important when implementing the sewer system. For example, if the pipe freezes in the winter, then the sewage system cannot be used. Sewerage will again become available only in the spring, when the thaw sets in. In addition, a large number of bends will lead to rapid clogging of the system. Therefore, you must follow the rules for installing the sewage system.

Nevertheless, if turns cannot be avoided, then experts recommend making a small well in which the turn is made. This way you can access the pipe at any time. In addition, the well will allow more efficient cleaning of pipes.

Sewer pipe insulation

It is worth noting that warming also allows you to increase the life of sewer pipes, especially in winter, regardless of the region. As a heater polyurethane foam is used. This material envelops the pipe. On top of the pipe is additionally wrapped in polyethylene. Frosts are not afraid of pipes.

It is very important to perform insulation at the joints and turns, if any. Practice shows that it is here that the most problems are observed. In European countries, electric cable is used as pipe insulation, which is laid along the entire pipe.

In the Russian Federation, in the central and southern regions, a pipe is laid at a depth of one meter. In the northern regions, the depth of the sewer pipe is even greater. And here, thermal insulation is very important.

As for laying the sewer pipe inside the house, then I must say that there are also some features. Here you can apply a lot of turns, bends. And, nevertheless, experts recommend not abusing this opportunity. It is important to try to make everything very simple. Firstly, this way you can save money on the purchase of building materials. Secondly, system maintenance will be much easier.

The sewage system inside the house should also be created on the principle of natural flow. It is best when the pipes run under the floor. If the difference between external and internal pipes is significant, then connections can be used. It is best to use a knee that has an angle of thirty degrees. So the water will drain better.

So, the most common ways of laying sewer pipes in a private house are considered. We must once again repeat that the correct installation is a guarantee of success. This is the only way to forget about maintaining sewer pipes for a long time. Of course, you need to use preventive measures.
  Today, there are many stores that sell all the necessary materials for the implementation of the sewer system in a private house. Prices are quite reasonable. The most commonly used plastic pipes. They are in no way inferior to metal pipes. In some cases, steel or cast iron is used. But these pipes are more difficult to install than plastic ones.

You can always ask your neighbors what depth they used to lay pipes.  Indeed, most often this is enough to understand how the system will behave, for example, in the winter. At the slightest doubt in the independent performance of work, it is necessary to seek help from specialists who have experience in performing work and the right tool. Otherwise, material can be damaged, resulting in unexpected costs.

Finally, it should be noted that before starting the arrangement of the sewage system in a country house, you need to think out a plan for the implementation of the work. It will allow you to quickly complete the task, as well as provide for the amount of consumables in advance. In addition, system maintenance with a card is much easier. Before digging a pipe into the ground, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary check - both visual and practical. To do this, water is drained from the house and viewed through the trench, whether it flows at the joints. This is very important, because then you will have to do the work again if the water on the site starts to rise.

Depth of laying water pipes is the first problem that must be solved before laying a water pipe. And it is necessary to approach her competently.

Many people mistakenly believe that it is better to lay the water supply to the house at the greatest possible depth, and they hope that this way it will function more efficiently. But, in the event of an emergency, getting to such a pipeline will be very difficult.

The water pipe for laying in the ground can be used from different materials. But at the same time, it is important to take into account the properties of the material itself. An important role is played by the strength of the pipe assortment. After all, the water main in the earth must bear the pressure that the soil exerts.

Cast iron, copper and steel products carry the highest loads. But, the high price of these materials does not allow them to be used often. Also, a plumbing plastic network in the ground can withstand a large load of soil. But, laying such a highway to a depth of 8 meters is not the best way to reflect on the duration of its service.

Also, when calculating the laying depth, the marking of the assortment is taken into account. It shows the thickness of the walls, and accordingly the level of strength. So, for example, but low-pressure polyethylene can transfer pressure up to ten atmospheres.

Polyethylene water supply networks in the ground can be used both for water supply and for pressure head drainage system. If there is a risk of a large load from the soil, it is better to put such a system in a case made of steel or concrete.

What affects the depth indicator

These regulatory frameworks are appreciated for being received in the course of research. They are also repeatedly tested in practice. One of the main regulatory rules states that the depth of the water supply system can be found by adding at least half a meter to the soil freezing index.

Having the initial information, you can use the online service for calculations. Also, tables for calculations are in the normative documents of the SNIP. This table shows the depth of the laying of water pipes very accurately, which greatly facilitates the solution of this problem.

For example, the depth of laying water pipes in the northern regions according to SNIP standards is dictated by special requirements. Soil in winter in these areas freezes up to four meters. It is clear that trenches for the highway will have to be digged using special equipment.

Watch the video

  As for highways located in the middle lane, the SNIP in this case recommends taking into account the features of the composition of the soil:

• For soft and loose sandy soil - these are indicators equal to 1.6 m.
• For soil with medium friability with gravel - 1.7 m.
• Viscous and clay soil - 1.3 m.
• For coarse-grained, stony and hard soils, it is recommended to take a depth of 1.9 m according to the SNIP.

The SNIP also indicates the depth parameters for the southern regions. This is an indicator at the level of one meter. Smaller standards should not be taken, as this can lead to mechanical damage to the highway from the influence of pedestrian and traffic loads.

Having found out how far the highway should be laid in the ground, it is necessary to take into account some more nuances and features.

It is important to find out which pipe to install for a particular system. . Polypropylene for underground hot water is not recommended. Excessively high temperatures cause this material to soften, and repairs on underground structures will be very expensive.

Allow the system to work with greater efficiency.

In an insulated structure, water does not so quickly reduce the temperature. Thermal protection allows you to save the temperature regime even on long-distance trunk.

Also, insulated systems fail not so quickly. They receive protection against destruction due to temperature differences and soil pressure.

In addition, the insulated network compares favorably with the fact that it allows to reduce energy costs.

Laying the pipeline underground with their own hands, preference is given to one-piece joints. This allows you to build a monolithic structure.

Particular attention is required to water supply networks in the area of \u200b\u200bhigh activity of groundwater. In the often flooded area, the amount of soil coverage cannot exceed one meter.

You should also pay attention to the location of the main crane. Access to it should be free all the time.

Features of pipe broaching for hot water supply

It is difficult to imagine modern life without cold and bitter water in the house. When laying one or the other system underground, the depth of soil freezing is equally taken into account. But, for hot water supply, you need to take a different approach to the choice of pipe rolling assortment.

Here, preference is given to metal-plastic and galvanized products. The main requirement, which is significant when laying hot water, is resistance to the influence of high temperature. And directly laying itself should be performed deeper than the level of freezing of the soil.

When broaching a hot system, you should worry about the insulation of the water pipe in the ditch, for this a variety of materials are used, but thermal insulation is called polystyrene foam as the best option.

To protect the highway in a ditch, it is difficult to find a better option. Expanded polystyrene began to be used very recently, but in a short time this material completely managed to confirm excellent characteristics. It is characterized by low thermal conductivity, reliability and durability.

If you ignore the insulation of the network in the ditch with expanded polystyrene, or other material, then the temperature of the water along the way to the crane will drop significantly. In addition, the protection of the line in the ditch also prevents damage to the pipe assortment due to temperature differences.

Therefore, this reduces labor costs and time.

To what depth should plastic and metal water pipes be buried?

The laying of plastic water pipes has already been partially considered a little earlier. The only thing that needs to be added to the above is that before falling asleep to such a system, proper thermal insulation must be done.

This also applies to metal networks. And after backfilling of plastic and metal water lines, you need to develop an accurate plan for the location of the structure. Such recommendations are dictated by the need for freelance repairs.

Returning to the metal structures, it is necessary to highlight some more nuances. It is important to install couplings on both sides of the control valve. Subsequent device replacement is so easy.

Practical advice of specialists is supplemented by the following information. Metal systems stand out for their particular strength, but even this material is not eternal. Therefore, before performing installation, it is better to process the line with two layers of anticorrosion coating.

Also during installation, it is necessary to carefully check the setting of the couplings at the joints.

Where to start laying work?

Installation work can begin after drawing up a detailed plan. During its development, you can identify all the difficulties that may arise on the site during operation. If these nuances are resolved during the preparation of the plan, then the volume of earthwork will decrease and, accordingly, the time for the entire installation process will be reduced.

Watch the video

  Also, a detailed diagram allows you to get a complete picture of the amount of materials needed for construction. It’s better to buy them for work in bulk, so you can get significant savings.

It is better not to throw away the layout of the underground water supply in a private house. This information will be useful in emergency repairs.

Tools for work need to be selected based on the material of the network. Most of the masters will find a large number of this set at home.

And the most important thing to do at the beginning of the work is a breakdown of the territory, taking into account the slope of the area.

Distance between two pipes underground

The distance when laying two water pipes is also regulated by the SNIP. According to these standards, it is impossible to lay a water supply and drain branch in one trench. Only water pipes can be placed in one ditch. The distance between the parallel threads of the system in the ground should be at least 50 cm.

If there are problems with calculating the desired distance, it is best to seek help from professionals. They will not only help determine the right distance, but also give practical advice on choosing the right material for laying underground.

Watch the video

  The depth of the water pipes is an important indicator that cannot be ignored. If you carefully study the recommendations of specialists, you can do it yourself on your own water supply, which will function effectively for a very long time.

The depth of the water supply is a criterion that affects the quality of the functioning of the communication system. It affects the pressure that the pipes must withstand - excessive load can lead to deformation of the system, to cracks in the corrugations, etc.

Therefore, when choosing the optimal depth, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: the specifics of the soil and topography, the level of groundwater occurrence, the laying requirements of SNiP. Proper laying of pipes for the water supply to the ground will guarantee a long operation of the system.

Article Content

Factors Affecting Bookmark Depth

To properly communicate,   it is necessary to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil. The optimal depth in this case is 1.5-2 m. Digging a deeper trench increases the cost of the water supply system. Other factors that change the depth of the bookmark include:

• groundwater level;
• an indicator of the ring stiffness of the pipe itself;
• level of well deepening - caisson;
• the presence of a heating system or;
• features of the location of the entry point of communication in the house.

Depth Factors

Factors that can increase the degree of deepening of the trench under the pipeline include:

• the location of the well - the pipe is discharged from its bottom to the output level of the neck of the mine or main;
• the point of entry of the communication branch into the house - the lower the level of the tie-in into the foundation, the more deeply the water supply will run;
• ring stiffness - the higher the indicator, the higher the strength of the reinforcement, so some systems are buried at 12-16 m (if HDPE pipes are used), others at around 5-8 m.

Depth Reducing Factors:

• the presence of a heating or thermal insulation system eliminates the effect of freezing of the soil;
• groundwater - the higher their level, the smaller the trench you need to dig.

Bookmark Standards for SNiP

The depth of the trench for the water supply will also be determined by SNiP. The water supply system should lie 0.5 m lower from the freezing soil, otherwise the depth indicator will depend on the region of the country and the type of soil.

For the northern territories of the Russian Federation, the average depth according to SNiP is 2-3.5 m (plus 0.5 m), for the middle band - 1.2-2 m (plus 0.5 m), for the southern territories - 0.5- 1.2 m (plus 0.5 m).

SNiP determines the minimum mark of the laying of the system, taking into account the protection of water supply pipes from mechanical damage (due to loads, vehicles, etc.). According to SNiP, the minimum level of the depth of the trench should be at least 0.5 m from the upper edge of the pipe.

Laying of communication from HDPE pipes

For marking, two cords are required, which are pulled between the pits, digging is performed on them. To the bottom the pit should narrow  therefore, it is better to tear the walls with a slope of 45 °. As a result, at the upper edge, the width of the pit becomes equal to the depth of the pipes, at the bottom of the ditch the width is usually less.

Then you need to organize a sandy "pillow". To do this, from the bottom of the ditch, from 15 to 20 cm of a layer of sand is poured, which is compacted and moistened with water - this measure is necessary to increase the supporting ability of the soil, reduce its heaving, etc.

In addition, you can lay a heat-insulating layer of roofing material, which will protect the communication from freezing in the winter season.

Next, you need to mount the place of entry of the water supply to the foundation. To do this, draw a square with a drill and a punch at the place of the pass, it is better if its size is 2-3 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe. Then, with the help of a chisel, the concrete of the foundation is knocked out on the bait.

1. Cropped - cut length determined not only by the size of the trench, but also the size of the entry of the pipe through the base.
2. The pump is lowered into the well, after which the adapter is mounted. To do this, solder the free edge of the pipe with the adapter fitting or mount it with.

The assembly of the water supply system will depend on the material of the pipes - they are most easily mounted, since you can use couplings, elbows, adapters to assemble them, these elements accelerate the installation process.

Galvanized steel, mounted more difficult, but they are used less often because of the high cost.

The final stage of work is backfilling of the pit. For backfilling, you can use dug soil. During backfilling, it is necessary to compact the soil using a shovel and water - this measure will avoid the formation of air cavities, which will lead to deformation of the water supply.

Foreword

At what depth should the water supply be laid? In search of an answer to this question, we will have to take a closer look at the properties of the soil and the characteristics of the water supply system itself. In addition, in search of an answer, we will analyze the procedure for excavation and the nuances of the process of arranging an “external” water supply.

The greatest influence on this parameter is exerted by such a characteristic as the depth of freezing of the soil. If the water supply goes deeper below this mark, then the pipes will never freeze. Therefore, most water pipes are dug at a depth of 1.5-2 meters.

But a deep trench increases the cost of arranging a water supply system. And the excessive laying depth of the pipe affects the speed of work not in the best way. Therefore, the main regulatory document, according to which the depth of the water supply is determined - SNiP 2.04.02-84 - encourages us to take into account not only the main criterion, but also a number of refinement parameters, namely:

• Ground water level.
• The degree of ring stiffness of the pipe.
• Depth of the caisson (a well buried in the ground, built above a water supply source).
• The presence of thermal insulation and / or a heating system for the external branch of such a pipeline.
• The location of the entry point of the external branch into the house.

In this case, one part of the above parameters increases the depth of the pipe, and the other, accordingly, reduces it.

Increasing factors include the following parameters:

• Depth of the caisson - the pipe "starts" from its bottom, to the level of which the neck of the source mine or main is displayed.
• The location of the entry point of the branch into the house - the lower the inset in the foundation, the deeper the pipe in the ground.
• The ring stiffness of the pipe - the higher it is, the greater the tensile strength of the reinforcement. Therefore, some pipes can be "buried" even at around 12-16 meters. However, most pipelines can be buried only up to 5-8 meters.
• Depth of the highway.

The following parameters are factors that reduce the depth of laying:

• The presence of thermal insulation and heating systems - they level the influence of the depth of freezing of the soil.
• Groundwater level - in shallow soil only shallow trenches can be excavated.

As a result, if you refuse to build a caisson, raise the entry point into the house and carefully insulate the water supply, providing it with a reliable pipe heating system, then the external branch can even be raised above the ground level. However, in most cases, “insulated” pipes are instilled at a depth of 0.5-1 meter.

How to dig a trench under the water supply?

It all depends on the depth of the pipe. Indeed, according to safety regulations, deep and “shallow” trenches are equipped in completely different ways.

The excavation technique, with the help of which a shallow trench comes off, involves the following procedure:

• Along the well shaft or above the main pipeline, a pit comes off with dimensions of 100 by 100 centimeters or a transverse trench.
• A similar pit comes off near the foundation.
• Two cords are pulled between the source and the foundation, indicating the shortest path of the trench and its border.
• Along the outlined border with the help of an excavator or manually, a trench with vertical walls, at least 50 centimeters wide, comes off. However, if you use a cutter instead of an excavator or shovels, the width of the trench will be only 15-20 centimeters.

Similarly, you can dig a trench up to 100 centimeters deep. But before you dig a trench under the water supply system and pits you need to decide on the storage location of the selected soil. It is located at a distance of 2-3 meters from the borders of the pit. It is impossible to store soil at a shorter distance - the risk of collapse of the walls of the trench increases.

Deep trenches dig in a similar way. But in this case, excavation complicates the risk of collapse of the walls of the pit. Therefore, when digging, they adhere to the following procedure:

Initially, they dig the same pits near the foundation, shaft of the well or well. Well, a foundation pit with inclined walls is being excavated over the highway, the width of which at the upper cut will be equal to the depth of the central water pipe.

• The next stage is marking the borders. To do this, we need two cords, stretched between the pits. It should be borne in mind that the width of the trench when laying the deep type water supply system will be heterogeneous - the walls of the pit should be located at an angle of 45 degrees, converging at the bottom. Therefore, on the surface, the width of the trench is equal to the depth of the water supply, and at the bottom - 50-70 centimeters.
• Earthwork will start after the marking is completed. Moreover, you need to go deep into the ground in steps. That is: you dig out the first 50 centimeters, narrow the boundaries, and go deep another 50 centimeters, digging a trench of a smaller width.

As a result, under a deep trench you need a fairly large place for storing soil, 3-4 meters away from the edge of the pit. Of course, a 2-meter trench can also be opened with straight (sheer) walls, but in this case they will have to be strengthened with shields and cross struts, mounted as the foundation pit deepens.

Therefore, it is easiest to insulate the pipe and dig a shallow trench than to dig to 1.5-2 meters, spending energy, time and money to strengthen the walls, excavate and dispose of soil from an almost full excavation pit.

How is the laying of the outer branch of the water supply?

We have already figured out how to dig a trench under the water supply, therefore, further on in the text we will consider the technology of installing an external pipeline connecting the source and your house. This process can be divided into three stages - preparation, pipe laying and falling asleep trenches.

Preparation involves the following steps:

• At the bottom of the trench they add a 20-cm sand pillow, which is moistened and trampled abundantly. Usually with the help of such a “cushion” the support ability of the soil is increased, but in this case we simply align the bumps at the bottom of the trench, so you can use the selected soil for backfilling.
• Having finished with the “pillow”, you can tackle the foundation of the structure - you will have to cut a through hole in it through which the water pipe will pass. To do this, use a perforator and drill with carbide tip. At the checkpoint, draw a square into which the outside diameter of the pipe can be entered. Further along the perimeter of the square you need to drill a whole chain of holes, breaking pieces of concrete or bricks with a hammer and a chisel.
• After the “breakdown” of the foundation, you need to go to the well or well shaft. A hole is drilled in its wall with a special crown, the diameter of which must be larger than the external dimensions of the adapter, which ensures the docking of the external section of the water supply and the intake pipe of the pump.

When connecting the water supply to the highway, the last point becomes irrelevant.

Installation of the pipeline is implemented as follows:

• The measured pipe section is cut off from the bay and laid on a sandy “pillow”. Moreover, the length of the segment is selected based on the estimated dimensions of the pipe section located in the basement (behind the foundation) of the house. However, at this stage, the probability of a length selection error is high. Therefore, you better bring the entire bay into the house and push the free end through the hole in the floor and foundation, extending it all the way to the well.
• Next, you lower the pump or pipe with the ejector into the well and mount the adapter. The free end of the pipe is soldered to the external adapter fitting or mounted on a collet coupling (if there is a thread on the outlet of the adapter).