Worksheet for preparing for the exam "feudal fragmentation". Test

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Domestic policy. After 1132, Russia was about 10-15 independent principalities and lands that competed with each other. The ruling clan was the Rurik family, whose members had the exclusive right to be princes. Each Rurikovich received his own property – the inheritance, the junior appanage princes were supposed to obey the senior (grand) princes, but in the affairs of their appanage principality they were almost completely independent. The strongest among the Russian lands were the Novgorod land, the Vladimir-Suzdal and Galicia-Volyn principality. Kiev lost its former importance, but the possession of it was considered prestigious, and there was a struggle for it.

A republican system was established in Novgorod in 1136 (1), power belonged to the boyars and the top of the merchant class. The prince was invited and was mainly responsible for the defense of the republic.

The Vladimir-Suzdal principality was strengthened under Yuri Dolgoruk (the son of Vladimir Monomakh). His nickname is explained by the desire to extend his power to lands far from Suzdal, including Kiev. Yuri founded many cities in North-Eastern Russia, and the first chronicle mention of Moscow (1147) is associated with him (2).

Yuri's son Andrey Bogolyubsky (1157-1174) also sought to subjugate lands far beyond the borders of his principality, but unlike his father, he did not want to become a Kiev prince. In 1169, his troops took the city of Vladimir, which Andrew made his capital, and began to be considered higher than Kiev (3). Andrei strove to rule arbitrarily, clashed with the boyars and was killed by the boyars-conspirators. Soon the younger brother of Andrei Vsevolod the Big Nest (1176-1212) became the prince, he received the nickname for having many children). Under him, Vladimir-Suzdal Russia reached its greatest prosperity (4), but after death, wars broke out between the sons of Vsevolod.

The Galicia-Volyn land was distinguished by a particularly acute rivalry between the princes and the powerful boyars here. There was even a case of the boyar's reign. The princely power increased under the Galician prince Yaroslav Osmomysl (1153-1187) and the Galician-Volyn princes Roman (the end of the 12th-13th centuries) Daniil Romanovich (before the Mongol invasion).

In the first decades after the establishment of the Horde yoke, the growth of fragmentation continued. Among appanage princes – descendants of Vsevolod the Big Nest – wars broke out in which the Horde Khan intervened. To a lesser extent, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniel, took part in these wars, having received Moscow as his inheritance (as the youngest, he had no rights to the Great Vladimir reign). But Daniel showed concern for the improvement of his small principality, which quickly began to grow rich (5).

Foreign policy. In the XII century. the international position of the ancient Russian principalities was generally favorable, and there were no strong external enemies. Only the Polovtsians continued to disturb the southern Russian lands. From the wars with them, one should recall the unsuccessful campaign in the Steppe of the Novgorod-Seversk prince Igor Svyatoslavich in 1185 (6), but not because of its historical significance, but only because this campaign is described in the "Lay of Igor's Regiment."

The situation changes at the end of the 12th - beginning of the 13th century. Catholic (mainly German) knights-crusaders invade the Baltic lands, conquer local tribes, found cities and castles (7). Here the crusader state arises – Livonian Order. At the same time, Sweden begins to conquer Finnish lands. At the same time, far in the east, in the depths of the Steppe, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, Mongol tribes unite (8) and begin to conquer neighboring and distant lands (China, Central Asia, etc.).

One of the detachments of the Mongol-Tatars, under the leadership of Subudai and Jebe, in 1223 penetrated through the Transcaucasia into the Polovtsian steppe. The Polovtsi requested help from the South Russian princes and received it, but in the battle near the Kalka River, the Russian-Polovtsian army was utterly defeated by the Mongol-Tatars due to disagreements among its leaders – three princes named Mstislav (9). Then the Mongol-Tatars went back, tk. the campaign was of a reconnaissance nature.

At the end of 1237, having previously ruined the Volga Bulgaria, the Mongol-Tatars, led by the grandson of Genghis Khan (he himself had already died) Batu Khan (Batu), attacked Northeastern Russia (10). The cities of Ryazan, Vladimir and others were taken by storm. In the battle on the river Sit (1238), the army of the great Vladimir prince Yuri Vsevolodovich was defeated, he himself died. The Russians desperately resisted (the squad of Evpatiy Kolovrat and the seven-week defense of the city of Kozelsk were especially famous for their exploits), but the forces were unequal. Novgorod escaped general ruin, to which the Mongols did not reach for unclear reasons.

Having rested in the Volga steppes, Batu attacked Southern Russia in 1240 (11). Kiev and most of the cities of the Galicia-Volyn principality fell. The Mongols invaded the countries of Central Europe, reached the Adriatic Sea, but then, for not entirely clear reasons, turned back (possible versions: exsanguination as a result of the heroic resistance of Russia; the desire of Batu and other Genghisids to participate in the election of a new Great Khan to replace the deceased).

Simultaneously with the Mongol invasion, Russia also experienced an onslaught from the West, but was able to repel it. In 1240, the young Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich (grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest) defeated the Swedish amphibious assault near the mouth of the Neva in the Battle of the Neva (12). For this victory, the prince received the nickname Nevsky. In 1242, he also inflicted a major defeat on the German crusaders in the Battle of the Ice (13). The northwestern borders of Russia have stabilized.

Meanwhile, Batu founded a Mongolian state centered on the Lower Volga, which went down in history as the ulus Juchi (i.e., the possession of the descendants of Genghis Khan's eldest son Juchi), or the Golden Horde (14). He demanded from the Russian princes the expression of obedience. On the other hand, the Pope expressed a desire to help the Russian principalities in the fight against the Mongols. The Vladimir-Suzdal prince Alexander Nevsky rejected Western aid, recognized the dependence of North-Eastern Russia and Novgorod on the Horde, and even helped the conquerors suppress the liberation uprisings. On the contrary, Daniel Galitsky first entered into an alliance with the West and even accepted the royal crown from the pope's messenger. However, without receiving real military assistance, he also submitted to the Horde Khan. An important circumstance that influenced the choice of the Russian princes was that the Mongols, being pagans, did not impose their religion and culture, treated the Orthodox Church with respect, and the West imposed Catholicism in every possible way.

Ultimately, all these events led to the establishment of the Horde yoke (15). The components of this form of dependence of the Russian principalities on the Golden Horde were the annual payment of a huge tribute ("Horde exit"), the issuance by the khan of labels (letters) for the right to rule, and periodic ruinous forays into Russian lands. To collect tribute, the census was carried out by the census. Initially, the collection of tribute was carried out by special commissioners of the khan (baskaks), but after a series of uprisings, this function was transferred to the Russian princes themselves.

Economy and social relations. The Polovtsian raids and the struggle of the princes for Kiev devastated the South of Russia. People moved from here either to the Vladimir-Suzdal, or to the Galicia-Volyn principality (16), which explains their strengthening. However, with the exception of the southern lands, the economy of Russia before the Mongol invasion developed successfully, even despite the civil strife. Agriculture and handicrafts, as well as foreign trade, have achieved great success. The route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" lost its former significance due to the decline of Byzantium, but the Volga-Baltic route, passing through Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal Rus', functioned successfully. Along with handicrafts, important export products were provided by trades (furs, honey and wax of wild bees). In search of furs, the Novgorodians, imposing tribute (yasak) on the local population, reached the White Sea.

By the beginning of the XII century. on the whole, the process of settling the vigilantes on the ground and turning them into landowners-boyars (17) was completed. This process explains in many ways the emergence of fragmentation, because the vigilantes were interested in a strong central government, organizing successful military campaigns and distributing estates, and the boyars – in a stable local government that protects their fiefdoms. However, throughout the entire period, there was a struggle between the princes, who sought to strengthen their power, and the boyars, who sought to limit and introduce the power of the princes into a certain framework (18). At the same time, sometimes the princes (for example, Andrei Bogolyubsky) tried to rely on small service people (nobles). Extreme cases: Novgorod (boyar republic) and Vladimir-Suzdal Rus (strong power of the prince).

The Mongol-Tatar invasion led to the decline of the economy (19), handicrafts especially suffered. The death of most of the old nobility and the establishment of the yoke contributed to the replacement of the old, political traditions (in which the prince was perceived by the boyars as "the first among equals") with new (prince – lord, all subjects – his servants) (20).

Culture. The era of fragmentation is characterized by the formation of independent cultural centers (while maintaining all-Russian unity) (21). This played an especially important role in the development of annals, literature, architecture and fine arts.

The largest literary work of the era is considered "The Lay of Igor's Campaign (22). In North-Eastern Russia, another major work of the era was created – “The Prayer” of Daniel the Zatochnik, the author of which praised the princely power and spoke with hostility about the boyars.

With the formation of independent principalities, independent architectural schools arose. In Novgorod, churches were built at the expense of the townspeople, intended for everyday service, therefore they were relatively small and simple in decoration, squat, had powerful walls (example – Church of the Savior on Nereditsa) (23). The architecture of Vladimir-Suzdal Russia developed under the influence of princely tastes, and the local buildings were distinguished by their majesty and elegance (the Assumption and Dmitrievsky cathedrals in Vladimir, etc.) (24). Outstanding architectural monument of the period – the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, distinguished by its exceptional gracefulness of proportions. Fresco painting and icon painting continued to develop everywhere, but only a few of them survived.

The Mongol invasion dealt a terrible blow to the development of culture (25). Suffice it to say that stone construction ceased for 50 years. The events of the invasion were reflected in a number of literary works, in particular in "The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu", which tells about the heroism of the city's defenders and the exploits of the hero Evpatiy Kolovrat.

Hello dear readers of the site! This post will discuss such difficult topics as the fragmentation of Russia and the invasion from the East. Without further ado, we continue our preparation for the exam in history

Fragmentation in Russia:

As you remember from the previous post, Vladimir Monomakh managed the Lyubesky Congress of Princes in 1097 year very successfully to stop Russian fragmentation for a while. But after the death of the prince in 1125 year his son, Mstislav, entered the Kiev throne. Like his father, he kept the unity of the Russian lands for some time. After the death of Mstislav, Kievan Rus finally disintegrated into a dozen principalities. A period of fragmentation or specific period has come.

Reasons for fragmentation:

1. An overgrown princely family;

2. The confusion of the order of succession to the throne;

3. Dominance of natural economy;

Fragmentation has left some consequences in Russian history, both positive and negative:

Positive:

1. Each principality had its own chronicle about its prince;

2. Each principality had its own cultural heritage: its temples, books, crafts.

Negative:

1. External threat (weakness of each principality separately)

2. Constant strife of princes for territory;

In the Russian fragmentation, the most powerful and occupying significant territories were the principalities:

- Vladimir-Suzdalskoe;

- Galicia-Volynskoe;

- Novgorod Boyar Republic;

Let's give a description of each of these principalities:

1. Vladimir-Suzdalskoe:

Geographical position: North-eastern part of the country.

Border with Novgorod lands, Smolensk principality

The most famous rulers of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality were Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky and Vsevolod the Big Nest.

2. Galicia - Volyn principality:

Geographical position: northeastern slopes of the Carpathians and the area between the rivers Nestor and Prud

The most famous princes of Galicia - Volyn principality were Yaroslav Osmomysl, Roman Mstislavich and Daniil Romanovich.

3. Novgorod boyar republic:

Geographical position: a huge territory from the Arctic Ocean to the upper Volga; from the Baltics to the Urals.

Border: Smolensk principality, Vladimir - Suzdal principality.

The political system of the Novgorod boyar republic:

Mongol-Tatar invasion:

V 1204-1205 Temuchin (Genghis Khan) united the Mongol tribes and captured China, using battering guns and gunpowder.

Mongol-Tatars captured China, Korea, Central Asia, Iran and Transcaucasia.

The first clash of the Russian princes with the Mongol-Tatars - the battle on the Kalka River, occurred. in 1223.

Khan Batu's invasion of Russia 1237-1240 biennium.

1237 YEAR:

The defeat of the Ryazan principality;

1238 YEAR:

Capture of Vladimir - Suzdal land;

Battle on the City River, during which the prince was killed and his troops defeated (Yuri Vsevolodovich);

Defense of Kozelsk ("Evil City");

1239 YEAR:

The defeat of South Russia and the Chernigov principality;

1240 YEAR:

The capture of the Kiev principality - the defeat of Russia;

Reasons for the defeat of Russia:

1. Feudal fragmentation and strife between princes

2. The superiority of the Mongols in the art of war, the presence of an experienced and large army

Invasion results:

1. Batu, on the territory from the Danube to the Irtysh, founded the Mongolian state of the Golden Horde

2. In Russia, the Mongol-Tatar yoke was established - from 1240 to 1480(240 years old)

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The period of Russian history, limited to 1132 and 1236 years, is usually called the period of feudal fragmentation.

It was at this time that the division of Kievan Rus into a large number of principalities was observed (at first - about 15, later their number reached 30). This political phenomenon gave rise to civil strife among the princes, the emergence of fundamental differences in the structure of life in different principalities, the weakening of the military power of Russia, the loss of influence by the Kiev prince.

In contrast to the tense relations within the once united principality, clashes with an external enemy in this period rarely occurred - after the victory of Vladimir Monomakh in the battle with the Polovtsy in 1111, the inhabitants of the border territories noted a sharp decline in the aggression of their neighbors.

Turning again to the main phenomenon of the period - feudal fragmentation, first of all, it would be reasonable to identify the cause of its emergence, to answer the question: why a strong state, which had just recently flourished (meaning the time of the reign of Yaroslav the Wise), suddenly faced the inability to preserve its former integrity? Historians, relying on the well-known facts of social life of those years, distinguish the following reasons: the dominance of natural economy, which means that economic relations within Kievan Rus were poorly developed, everyone produced everything they needed on their own; the weakening of Byzantium and, accordingly, the loss through "from the Varangians to the Greeks" of its former role; the system of transfer of power, due to which the princes, staying in places in certain principalities, settled there tightly, created their own dynasties. Thus, the personal ambitions of princes often became the cause of civil strife, because of which ordinary residents also suffered. The growth in the number of cities, their development entailed the development of crafts, while artisans often did not want to pay taxes to the far-away Kiev prince. Although not related to this period, the Lyubesky Congress in 1097 became the starting point for such a development of events: "Let each one keep his patrimony" - that was what it said.

And although the powerful princes Vladimir Monomakh and Mstislav the Great still maintained relative integrity, with the death of the latter, the division began and proceeded at an inexorable speed. Among the many principalities, three especially stood out: Novgorod, Vladimir-Suzdal and Galicia-Volyn. And if in one (Galicia-Volynsky) princes dominated (Yuri Dolgoruky, who founded Moscow in 1147, Andrei Bogolyubsky, thanks to whom some of the now famous temples, Vsevolod the Big Nest) were built, then in the other (Novgorodsky) a republican form of government was established (Veche dominated, at which the main issues were resolved, the mayor was elected; the prince was the invited person). So, each principality lived its own life - some had rich soil, some had access to the sea. People were so disunited that they could not even give a worthy rebuff to the Mongol-Tatars in the battle on the Kalka River in 1223, although even then the Polovtsy fought with them. At that moment, when danger loomed over Russia - the attack of the Mongol-Tatars (Batu's campaigns in 1237-1238 and in 1239-1240), which was once strong, she was subjected to defeat and looting. So people fell into dependence, the Mongol-Tatar yoke hung over Russia. And it was not soon possible to throw it off - only in 1480 (standing on the Ugra River), after the unification.

The period of feudal fragmentation very clearly characterizes the work of that time - "The Lay of Igor's Regiment", dedicated to the campaign of Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsy in 1185. An unknown author calls upon the princes to unite under the leadership of the prince of Kiev. And as history has shown, only forgetting about mutual hatred, the princes could defeat the enemy.

Updated: 2017-07-05

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Author details

Kozina Tatiana Gennadevna

Place of work, position:

MBU Lyceum No. 51, history teacher

Samara Region

Resource characteristics

Education levels:

Secondary (complete) general education

Class (s):

Item (s):

History

The target audience:

Student (student)

The target audience:

Teacher (teacher)

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Brief description of the resource:

The test on the topic "Feudal fragmentation" can be used in classes studying history at a specialized level for independent work and in preparation for the exam.

Feudal fragmentation

1. Russia entered a period of political fragmentation in

2) 30s. XII century;

3) the end of the XIII century;

4) the beginning of the XIV century.

2. Which of the princes fought for the Kiev throne for ten years, was recognized the prince of Kiev three times?

1) Yuri Dolgoruky;

2) Svyatoslav Olgovich;

3) Yaroslav Osmomysl;

4) Mstislav Vladimirovich.

3. After the collapse of Ancient Russia into principalities and lands, the first among other principalities was considered

1) Chernigov;

2) Polotsk;

3) Kievskoe;

4) Suzdal.

4. The decline in the role of Kiev and the rise of new centers was not due to

1) the raids of the Polovtsians;

2) folding the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks";

3) the movement of trade routes;

4) population migration to more protected areas.

5. The special role of Novgorod in Russian history was that it

1) was subjected to constant raids of the Polovtsians;

2) it housed the residence of the metropolitan;

3) it was located in the center of important trade routes;

4) was the most ancient Russian city.

6. Indicate the form of government established in Novgorod inXIIv.

1) absolute monarchy;

2) parliamentary monarchy;

3) an aristocratic republic;

4) a democratic republic.

7. The date of foundation of Moscow is considered

8. Establish a correspondence between the names of princes and their characteristics.

NAMES OF PRINCES CHARACTERISTICS

1) Yuri Dolgoruky; A) fought with the brothers to preserve the throne,

2) Andrey Bogolyubsky; inherited from the father;

3) Vsevolod the Big Nest; B) founded cities in the Suzdal land, fought for Kiev

4) Yuri Vsevolodovich. throne;

C) was considered the most powerful prince

Rus, his army "could have drawn the Don with helmets";

D) moved the capital of the principality to the city

Vladimir-on-Klyazma and founded

Church of the Intercession on the Nerl

9. Indicate the reasons for the rise of the Vladimir-Suzdal land:

A) proximity to the steppe;

B) protection from external enemies by dense forests;

C) the abundance of arable fertile land;

D) access to the Baltic Sea;

E) colonization of the Volga-Oka interfluve.

10. Establish a correspondence between a position in Novgorod and job responsibilities.

POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES

1) mayor; A) was engaged in the collection of taxes and city

2) thousand; militia;

3) the archbishop; B) headed the city administration;

4) the prince. C) was the leader of the squad;

D) dealt with issues of foreign policy, disposed of the treasury,

was in charge of the church court

11. Establish a correspondence between the specific manifestations of the consequences of the fragmentation of Russia and their characteristics.

MANIFESTATIONS NATURE OF CONSEQUENCES

1) preservation of all wealth in separate

principalities and lands; A) negative;

2) weakening of defenses; B) positive.

3) the growth of inter-princely strife;

4) the development of local schools of books,

architecture, icon painting.

12. The complete disintegration of Russia was hampered by the following factors:

A) the difference in natural and economic conditions in the land;

C) the formation of a trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks";

D) a single all-Russian church organization;

E) treaties between the princes on a joint struggle with the Polovtsy.

13. Identify three reasons for the isolation of the Russian lands from Kiev:

A) the formation of the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks";

B) the growth of patrimonial land tenure;

C) moving trade routes;

D) urban development;

E) disintegration of the tribal community.

14. Specify the features of Old Russian culture:

A) the influence of Byzantine culture;

B) the interweaving of Christian and pagan traditions;

C) the decisive impact of the steppe culture;

D) the unity of the language, way of life, way of life of the people;

D) ancient heritage.

1) AGD 2) IOP 3) BVD 4) ABG

15. Establish a correspondence between terms and definitions.

TERMS OF DEFINITION

1) an epic; A) the genre of the Russian epic song - legends about the heroes;

2) chronicle; B) biographies of clergy and secular persons canonized by Christian

3) the lives of the saints; church;

4) walking. C) instruction to children;

D) weather record of historical events;

D) the genre of Old Russian literature, which is

travel descriptions.

16. Establish correspondence between terms and definitions

TERMS OF DEFINITION

1) relief; A) a pictorial image of God or a saint, which is the subject of a religious

worship;

2) fresco; B) painting on wet plaster with paints diluted in water;

3) mosaic; B) an image or a pattern made of colored stones, smalt, etc .;

4) an icon. D) a type of sculpture in which the image is convex (or in-depth)

in relation to the background plane;

E) the legend of the saints.

Note:

This version of the test items is compiled on the topic "Feudal fragmentation" in the format of the exam. Detailed answers are given, as well as material for historical writing on topics:

1125-1157 - the period of the reign of Yuri Dolgoruky

1157-1174 - the period of the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky

Testing will help in preparing for the exam.

The copy version is convenient for using the material in the classroom.

1

Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

1) The capture of Constantinople by the crusaders.

2) The conditional date of the beginning of fragmentation.

3) The first mention of Moscow.

Answer:

Correct answer

Correct answer tons: 231

Explanation.

1) The capture of Constantinople by the crusaders - 1204.

2) The conditional date of the beginning of fragmentation is 1132.

3) The first mention of Moscow-1147.

2

Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters

Answer:

Correct answer

1123- Battle of Kalka.

1238 - battle on the river Sit.

3

Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the events of feudal fragmentation:

1) destiny; 2) economic isolation; 3) political weakening of the state; 4) Christianization; 5 feudal war); 6) estate

Find and write down the ordinal numbers of terms related to another historical period.

Answer:

Correct answer

Correct answer:46

4- adoption of Christianity in Russia by Vladimir in 988

6- estate is land tenure, which began to be called so after the legal merger of the estates and estates, which took place under Peter 1, in the 17th century.

4

Write down the term in question.

The process of economic strengthening and political isolation of the fiefdoms.

Answer:

Correct answer

feudal fragmentation

5

Establish a correspondence between the processes (phenomena, events) and the facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second

A

B

V

Correct answer

Correct answer:425

Explanation.

1.Dyuden's army in 1293

3.Nevryuev army in 1252

6.Dolobsky Congress of Princes in 1103

6

Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

“They struck the veche bell: the terrible hour of the people's judgment has come. They fled from all sides to Saint Sophia to decide the fate of the Fatherland. The first definition of this noisy veche was to expel Yaroslav .... The prince was handed a letter of accusation: “Why did you take possession of Mortkinich’s court? Why did you take silver from the boyars Nicephorus, Roman and Bartholomew? Why are you bringing foreigners out of here? May there now be an end to your violence! Go wherever you want, and we will find ourselves a prince "

“Svyatopolk, and Vladimir, and Davyd Igorevich, and Vasilko Rostislavich, and Davyd Svyatoslavich, and his brother Oleg came, and they gathered for a council in Lyubech to establish peace, and said to each other:“ Why are we ruining the Russian land, arranging feuds among ourselves ? And the Polovtsians bear our land in a rosy manner and are glad that wars are going on between us. May we henceforth unite with one heart and observe the Russian land, and let each one own his own fiefdom ... "

SPECIFICATIONS

1) The purpose of this event is to prevent civil strife.

2) In the principality of this period, the power of the prince was still strong.

3) Events took place in the 10th century.

4) The congress could not prevent fragmentation, but only brought it closer.

5) Legislative power in this principality was possessed by the veche.

6) The prince was not a ruler, but only a military leader, appointed and removed.

Fragment A		Fragment B

Answer:

Correct answer

Correct answer:

Explanation.

1. About the expulsion of the prince and the establishment of the Novgorod Republic.

2.Lubech Congress.

7 EVERYTHING IS HERE

Which of the following refers to the reasons for the feudal fragmentation in Russia? Select three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) The growth of land ownership of feudal lords.

2) Strengthening the role of Kiev.

3) The desire of the princes to unite their efforts to repel the nomads.

4) Subsistence farming.

5) The presence of a single religion - Christianity.

6) A gradual decline in the role of the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks", the emergence of new routes.

Answer:

Correct answer

8

Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want.

A) ______________ was built in honor of the victory over the Bulgars.

B) Under the prince, during whose reign ____________ became the capital of the principality, the warriors became not vassals, but servants.

C) During the battle of ________________, Konstantin Vsevolodovich became the Grand Prince of Vladimir.

Missing items:

1) Vladimir.

2) Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.

3) Church of the Tithes.

5) Mstislav the Great.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

Correct answer

9

Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

A

B

V

G

Correct answer

10

Read the passage and and write the name of the prince in question.

“As one of the younger Monomakhovichs, he inherited the Rostov-Suzdal region, in which his activities were mainly focused on the construction and strengthening of cities, the founding of churches and monasteries. His sympathies entirely belonged to Kievan Rus, where he constantly aspired. "

Answer:

Correct answer

Correct answer: Yuri Dolgoruky.

11

Fill in the blank cells in the table using the list of missing items below: for each space indicated by a letter, select the number of the item you want.

Missing items:

1) 4th crusade.

2) The Battle on the Ice.

3) The struggle for power of the children of Vsevolod the Big Nest.

4) The period of the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky.

6) Death of Roman Mstislavovich, who united in 1199 Galicia and Volyn principality.

7) The first mention of Moscow.

9) The end of the reign in the Latin Empire of Baldwin of Flanders

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

A

B

V

G

D

E

Correct answer

Correct answer:

Explanation.

1.4th crusade

3. Vsevolod the Big Nest died in 1212. Until 1216 there was a struggle for the power of his children, and only in 1216 in the battle on the river. Lipitsa was defeated by Konstantin Vsevolodovich.

4.Andrey Bogolyubsky ruled in 1157-1174

5.1204- The capture of Constantinople by the crusaders

6. Death of Roman Mstislavovich, who united Galicia and Volyn principality in 1199. Rules in 1199-1205.

7.First mention of Moscow in 1147

8.1202-1204, it was as a result of the 4th crusade that Constantinople was taken by the crusaders

9 Baldwin of Flanders - the first emperor of the Latin Empire (1204-1205)

12

Read an excerpt from a historical source.

“The economic power and high social status of these people contributed to their active protests against the princely power in Novgorod already in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, in the Rostov-Suzdal and Galicia-Volyn principalities in the second half of the 12th century, which was a manifestation of intra-class antagonism, expanding with the formation of this class-estate. "

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select from the list below three correct judgments.

Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) We are talking about the period of the formation of a centralized state in Russia.

2) In one of the principalities mentioned in the passage, an aristocratic republican rule took shape.

3) One of the Great Dukes of this period was Vladimir Monomakh.

4) The passage deals with the boyars.

5) Militarily, Russia of this period is a strong and powerful state.

6) The period referred to in the passage is called in history the period of feudal fragmentation.

A. Answer:

Correct answer

Correct answer:246

Explanation.

1.No, the centralization of the state will begin in the 14th century.

2.Yes, in the Novgorod Republic.

3.No, Vladimir Monomakh ruled in 1113-1125, and fragmentation began in 1132.

5.No, Russia militarily weakened during the period of fragmentation.

13

Write the name of the period in the history of Russia, which is shown on the map.

Answer:

Correct answer

feudal fragmentation

14

Write the number that indicates the principality, which later became one of the most influential in Russia.

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer:1

Explanation.

The Vladimir-Suzdal kanyazhestvo will become one of the most important, the process of unification will begin around it.

15

Indicate the name of the city in which the republican form of government existed during this period.

Answer:

Correct answer

Novgorod

16

What judgments regarding the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) This period began during the reign of Vladimir Monomakh.

2) During this period, there was a flourishing of culture in individual principalities.

3) The power of the Kiev prince was great, he had a single army capable of repelling the raids of the nomads.

4) A gradual decline in the role of Kiev.

5) Strengthening the political unity of Russia.

6) Significant weakening of Russia militarily.

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer: 246

Explanation:

1) This period began during the reign of Vladimir Monomakh. NO. The period of fragmentation began in 1132, after the death of V. Monomakh's son, Mstislav.

2) During this period, there was a flourishing of culture in individual principalities.

3) The power of the Kiev prince was great, he had a single army capable of repelling the raids of the nomads. NO. During this period, the military power was weakened.

4) A gradual decline in the role of Kiev. YES.

5) Strengthening the political unity of Rus. NO.

6) Significant weakening of Russia in military terms. YES.

17

Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

A

B

V

G

Correct answer

ANSWER: 4521

18

What judgments about this architectural monument are correct? Choose two judgments from the five suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) There was a monument in the Novgorod land.

2) An architectural monument was built during the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky.

3) The architectural monument was built during the reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest.

4) The monument was built in honor of the victory over the Pechenegs.

5) The monument is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer:25

Explanation.

1.No, in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.

2.Yes, Andrei Bogolyubsky ruled in 1157-1174, and the Golden Gate in Vladimir was built precisely during this period - in 1164.

3. No, Vsevolod the Big Nest ruled before.

4. The victory over the Pechenegs was in 1036, much earlier.

5.Yes, included in 1992.

19

Which of the architectural monuments were built in the same century as the monument referred to in task no. 18? In the answer, write down the two numbers that indicate these monuments.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Answer:

Correct answer

Explanation.

1. Church of the Savior on Nereditsa, 1198.

2. Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir. 1158-1189.

3. Cathedral of the Annunciation in Moscow, 1489.

4.Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod, 1045-1050.

Use ANSWER FORM No. 2 to record the answers to the tasks in this part (21-29). First write down the task number (21, 22, etc.), and then the detailed answer to it. Write down the answers clearly and legibly.

Read an excerpt from a historical source and briefly answer questions 20-22... The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of history of the corresponding period.

Specific (from the word lot) the period was established in Russia in the middle of the 12th century. By this time, large patrimonial land tenure had finally taken shape. In the feudal estates, as in individual peasant communities, subsistence farming prevailed, and only military force kept them within the framework of a single state. With the development of feudal land tenure, each land had the opportunity to secede and exist as an independent principality. In the estates, the local boyars were formed, which was the main economic and political force of that time. The boyars were interested in a strong princely power in the localities, because this made it possible to quickly resolve various issues, primarily to keep the peasants in subjection. Local feudal lords (boyars) increasingly sought independence from Kiev, which is why they supported the military might of their prince. It can be said that the boyars acted as the main force of disengagement. And the local princes, relying on him, were able to establish power, each in their own land. Subsequently, the struggle for power intensified between the boyars and the princes. In different lands, it had a different character. For example, in Novgorod, and later in Pskov, the boyars managed to subjugate the princes and establish the so-called boyar feudal republics. In other lands, where the princes were able to subdue the boyars, the power of the princes was stronger.

20

Indicate the centuries during which the events mentioned in the article took place. Indicate the name of this period. Name at least three rulers - outstanding personalities of this period.

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer.

The period of feudal fragmentation.

Andrey Bogolyubsky, Vsevolod the Big Nest, Daniil Romanovich Galitsky.

21 What are the reasons for this event named in the article? Provide any three reasons.

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer.

The article identifies the following reasons for feudal fragmentation:

1.large patrimonial agriculture;

2. domination of subsistence economy;

3. the desire of local princes for independence from the Kiev prince.

22 What are the results of this period in the history of Russia? Drawing on historical knowledge, indicate at least two.

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer.

Results of feudal fragmentation.

1. Weakening of the military power of Russia.

2. The flourishing of culture.

23

A republic was established in the Novgorod land in 1136. Explain what were the features of the government in it? Why is it possible? (Give three explanations).

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer.

Peculiarities rule in the Novgorod Republic: the legislative power is in the aristocratic veche, the election of a prince, mayor (head of the executive branch), judicial power in the archbishop, developed self-government, etc.

Causes establishment of republican government in Novgorod:

1.Powerful commercial and entrepreneurial layers in Novgorod, the development of trade, which contributed to the strengthening of the role of the boyars, the wealthy urban population;

2. the remote position of Novgorod freed him from the direct pressure of the prince and his squad, allowed him to develop more independently.

24

In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

“Feudal fragmentation was a new, higher stage in the development of feudal society and the state ...

(A.K. Leontiev, historian)

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

Write down your answer as follows.

Arguments in support of:

Arguments in rebuttal:

Answer:

Correct answer

Answer.

Arguments in confirmation:

1) the emergence of new trade routes, new centers of crafts and trade;

2) the growth of cities, the development of culture in them.

Arguments in refutation:

1) the weakening of economic and political power as a result of constant internecine wars;

2) the weakening of military power, the absence of a single army, which made the country vulnerable to enemies.

25

You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:

• 1132-1237
• 1125-1157
• 1157-1174

The essay must:

- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes),

relating to this period of history;

- name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the individuals you named in these events (phenomena, processes);

Attention!

When characterizing the role of each person you named, it is necessary to indicate the specific actions of this person, which significantly influenced the course and (or) the result of these events (processes, phenomena).

- indicate at least two causal relationships that characterize the causes of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during the given period;

- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.

In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.

Answer:

Correct answer

1132-1237 - the period of fragmentation in Russia before the invasion of Batu.

1125-1157 - the period of the reign of Yuri Dolgoruky.

1157-1174 - the period of the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky.

Material for a historical essay: policy directions that can be described, individuals who played an important role in these events.

1) 1132-1237 - the period of fragmentation in Russia before the invasion of Batu.

The following events of this period can be described.

1.1176-1212- the period of the highest prosperity of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Activity of Vsevolod the Big Nest.

Personality: Vsevolod the Big Nest (1176-1212).

The prince's power extended to all of Russia. He was its de facto ruler. He was helped by his sons, whom the prince put as governors in large cities. It was with him that the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir appeared. He led a successful foreign policy, having a powerful, strong, combat-ready army: he fought with the Bulgars and Polovtsians. He had authority in Russia as a talented military leader, a far-sighted politician who strengthened the power of Russia.

1. The unification of the Galician and Volyn principalities by Roman Mstislavovich in 1199

Personality: Roman Mstislavovich (1199-1205)

Galicia-Volynskoe was one of the strong and significant principalities during the period of fragmentation. An important role in its strengthening was played by Roman Mstislavovich, which united Galicia and Volyn principality in 1199, strengthened a single principality, had a powerful army, and even in 1203 captured Kiev, taking the title of Grand Duke. In foreign policy, he adhered to the traditions of conquest campaigns, and their combination with diplomatic relations with countries.

Thus, in the period of feudal fragmentation, a number of outstanding personalities stood out, who had the talent of military leaders, who were able to significantly strengthen their principalities and achieve their heyday. However, the invasion of Batu did not allow the preservation of this power, but led to ruin. Many decades had to pass before the principalities gradually began to revive and the Moscow principality took the leading role.

2) 1125-1157 - the period of the reign of Yuri Dolgoruky

1. Strengthening the power of the prince, the struggle for the great reign.

Personalities: Yuri Dolgoruky, Izyaslav Mstislavovich.

Izyaslav Mstislavovich, Grand Duke of Kiev in 1151-1154, grandson of Vladimir Monomakh. All the years of the great reign passed in a continuous struggle with rivals, among whom was Yuri Dolgoruky. The inhabitants of Kiev supported him, they did not like the Suzdal Yuri, who had already ruled Kiev twice before: six months in 1149-1150 and less than six months in 1150-1151. In the fight against Izyaslav, Yuri failed. And only in the last years of his life (1155-1157) for the third time he became the head of this principality. Yuri more than once during the reign of Izyaslav tried to seize power: he was twice defeated in 1151 - on the river Ruta and near Kiev; the attempt in 1152 was also unsuccessful. So under Izyaslav, Yuri was never able to capture Kiev. Izyaslav was distinguished not only by his insight, military talent, but also the ability to rely on the people of Kiev, which brought him good luck.

All this struggle for the Kiev throne testifies to Yuri's great desire to own all of Russia, it is no coincidence that the people called him Dolgoruky.

2. Active urban planning.

Personality: Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

At Yuri Dolgorukiy many cities were built, including Periaslavl-Zalessky, Yuryev-Polsky, Dmitrov (in 1154 in honor of the birth of Vsevolod's son the Big Nest, baptized Dmitry). Cities in those days were at the same time fortresses, so their construction significantly strengthened the security of the principality ...

I would like to separately note that 1147 is the year of the first mention of Moscow, therefore Yuri Dolgoruky is considered its founder. In 1156 he surrounded it with a moat and wooden walls.

Results of the activities of Yuri Dolgoruky.

• Significantly strengthened the power, achieved the Great Kiev reign, although only for three years.
• He strengthened the economy of the principality, mastered the northeastern lands, and built fortress cities.
• He founded Moscow - the future capital of Russia.
• He led a successful foreign policy, ensured peace on the southern and eastern borders.

3) 1157-1174 - the period of the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky

The following directions of the prince's activity can be described.

1. An attempt to make Vladimir the spiritual center of Russia.

Personality: Andrey Bogolyubsky, Luka Hrisoverg.

Andrei Bogolyubsky understood how important the church was. Therefore, in 1160 he made an attempt to make Vladimir the religious center of Russia. He wanted to establish a metropolitanate on his lands, independent of Kiev. However, the consent to this from the patriarch of Byzantium Luke Chrysoverga did not receive, he even refused to consecrate Theodore, the candidate Andrei Bogolyubsky, to the Rostov bishops, but put a Byzantine here Leona... Luka Chrysoverg understood that the influence of Byzantium in this way could weaken.

But the prince managed to make his contribution to strengthening the influence of the church, he relied on it in his reign: they introduced new holidays (Savior and Protection), an icon of the Vladimir Mother of God was transported to Vladimir from Vyshgorod. A deeply religious person, he did a lot for the development of Christian culture.

2. Further development of culture

Personality: Andrey Bogolyubsky.

Under the prince, many of the greatest architectural monuments were built, which today amaze with their grandeur and beauty: the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, the Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, the Golden Gate in Vladimir, the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir. Andrei Bogolyubsky invited Western European Byzantine masters, he wanted to free himself from the influence of Byzantium. At the same time, the traditions of national architecture continued. Under him, the foundation was laid for white-stone construction.

Thus, under Andrei Bogolyubsky, the power of the prince, who relied on the church, was significantly strengthened, autocracy was initiated; further development of culture took place, its distinctive features developed, a successful foreign and domestic policy was pursued.