Other people use it for profit phraseological unit. Examples of phraseological units with explanation and their meaning

The Russian language is rightfully considered the most perfect, beautiful and richest language in the world, which, along with the authentic culture of more than 200 peoples of the Russian world, has absorbed the best elements of Western and Eastern cultural traditions.

Our language is one of the basic elements of the entire Russian civilization, therefore, in order to be fully considered Russian, we must be good at using it and master all the wealth of concepts and expressions of the Russian language no worse than Pushkin, Gogol and Dostoevsky.

We present to your attention the first part of the TOP-50 most interesting phraseological units of the Russian language with their original and present meanings, as well as the history of origin:

1. Goal like a falcon

The expression denotes extreme poverty, need.

"Falcon" - This is a smoothly rounded and iron-bound ram log, which could be hand-held or wheeled and was used until the end of the 15th century to break holes in wooden palisades or fortress gates. The surface of this weapon was flat and smooth, i.e. “Naked”. The same term was used to designate cylindrical tools: scrap iron, a pestle for grinding grain in a mortar, etc.

2. Arshin swallowed

An expression denoting a person who has risen to attention "at attention" or has taken a majestic, arrogant pose with a straight back.

Arshin is an ancient Russian measure of length of 71 centimeters, widely used in sewing before the transition to the metric system of measures. Accordingly, the craftsmen used wooden or metal arshin rulers for measurements. If you swallow that, your posture will surely become phenomenal ...

3. The scapegoat

This is the name of a person who has been blamed for any failure, failure.

An expression that goes back to the Bible. According to the Hebrew rite, on the day of the forgiveness of sins, the high priest put his hands on the head of a goat and thereby laid on it the sins of the entire people of Israel. Then the goat was taken to the Judean desert and released, so that it would forever carry the sins of the Jews on itself.

4. Shouts at all Ivanovskaya

The ensemble of Kremlin cathedrals in Moscow is adorned with the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, where all its thirty bells were always rung on holidays. The ringing was extremely powerful and carried very far.

5. Smoking-room is alive!

We remember this expression from the movie “The meeting place cannot be changed” and it meant the joy of meeting a person who had gone through serious trials.

In fact, the "smoking room" is an ancient children's game in Russia. The children sat in a circle and passed the burning torch to each other, saying: “The smoking room is alive, alive! The legs are thin, the soul is short ”. The one in whose hands the torch was extinguished came out of the circle. That is, a “smoking room” is a torch that burned weakly and “smoked” (smoked) in children's hands.

In relation to a person, the expression was first used by the poet Alexander Pushkin in an epigram to the critic and journalist Mikhail Kachenovsky: “How! Is the journalist still alive? .. "

6. Clear these Augean stables

Deal with an incredibly neglected, cyclopean-sized mess.

Goes back to the ancient Greek myths about Hercules. King Augeus, a passionate lover of horses, lived in ancient Elis, who kept three thousand horses in his stables, but did not clean the stalls for 30 years.

Hercules was sent to the service of Augeas, to whom the king instructed to clear the stable one day, which was impossible. The hero thought and directed the river waters to the gates of the stables, which carried all the manure out of there in a day. This act was the 6th feat of Hercules out of 12.

7. Bosom friend

Now a positive expression denoting an old and trusted friend. Previously, it was negative because I meant a drinking companion.

The ancient expression “to pour over the Adam's apple” meant “to get drunk”, “to drink alcohol”. Hence this phraseological unit was formed.

8. Get into trouble

Find yourself in an extremely uncomfortable or even dangerous position.

Prosak is a drum with teeth in a machine with which wool was combed. Having got into a hole, one could easily be crippled, lose an arm.

9. Bad place

And again, a biblical expression found in psalms and church prayers and denoting paradise, the heavenly kingdom. In secular usage, it acquired a negative connotation - bars, strip clubs, etc. began to be called "hot spots".

This refers to the place where cereals grow abundantly from which the main food (bread) is prepared - a fertile field, the basis of prosperity.

10. Like Buridan's donkey

This refers to a person who is extremely indecisive.

It goes back to the famous example of the French philosopher of the XIV century Jean Buridan, who argued that the actions of people depend for the most part not on their own will, but on external circumstances. Illustrating his thought, he argued that a donkey, to the left and to the right of which two identical heaps will be placed at an equal distance, in one of which there will be hay, and in the other straw, will not be able to make a choice and will die of hunger.

11. Reach the handle

To sink completely, to lose human form and social skills.

In Ancient Russia, rolls were baked not round, but in the form of a castle with a round bow. The townspeople often bought rolls and ate them right on the street, holding by this bow as if by a handle. At the same time, for reasons of hygiene, they did not eat the pen itself, but either gave it to the beggars or threw it to the dogs. About those who did not disdain to eat it, they said: reached the handle.

12. Get loose

Get into an uncomfortable and often shameful position.

In Russia, walking bareheaded in crowded places (excluding a temple for men) was considered a shame. There was no greater shame for a person than if his hat was torn off in a crowded place.

13. Shabby view

Untidy clothes, unshaven and other signs of negligence in appearance.

Under Tsar Peter I, the Yaroslavl linen manufactory of the merchant Zatrapeznikov began to work, which produced silk and cloth that were in no way inferior in quality to the products of European workshops.

In addition, a very cheap striped hemp fabric was also made at the manufactory, which was nicknamed “a shabby meal” by the name of the merchant. She went to mattresses, harem pants, sundresses, women's headscarves, work gowns and shirts.

For rich people, a dressing gown made from "shabby" was home clothes, but for the poor people, clothes made of this fabric were used "on the way out." The shabby appearance spoke of the low social status of a person.

14. Caliph for an hour

So they say about a person who accidentally and for a short time came to power.

The expression has Arabic roots. This is the name of a fairy tale from the collection “A Thousand and One Nights” - “A waking dream, or Caliph for an hour”.

It tells how a young Baghdadi Abu Ghassan, not knowing that he is the caliph Harun al-Rashid, shares with him his cherished dream - at least for a day to become a caliph. Wanting to have fun, Harun-al-Rashid adds sleeping pills to Abu-Hassan's wine, orders the servants to transfer the young man to the palace and treat him like a caliph.

The joke succeeds. Waking up, Abu-Ghassan believes that he is a caliph, enjoys luxury and begins to give orders. In the evening, he again drinks wine with sleeping pills and wakes up already at home.

15. Knock off the pantalyk

Make you lose the thread of the conversation, forget about something.

In Greece, there is Mount Pantelik, famous in antiquity, where marble was mined for a long time. Accordingly, there were many caves, grottoes and passages, and once you got there, you could easily get lost.

16. I got it right

Those. realized what kind of person he was, noticed a deception or revealed a secret.

The expression came to us from the days when precious metal coins were in use. The authenticity of the coins was checked for a tooth, because precious metals without impurities were soft. If there is a dent on the coin, then it is real, and if not, it is fake.

17. The voice of one crying in the wilderness

This is what they say about someone whose sound thoughts and warnings stubbornly refuse to listen.

Biblical expression with roots in the prophecy of Isaiah and the Gospel of John. The prophets who foretold the imminent coming of the Savior called on the Jews to prepare for this day: to monitor their lives and correct it, becoming pious, to pay attention to the gospel preaching. But the Jews did not heed these calls and crucified the Lord.

18. Bury the talent in the ground

This means not to use and not develop the abilities given by God.

And again a reference to the Bible. The largest weight and monetary unit in Ancient Greece, Babylon, Persia and other regions of Asia Minor was called talent.

In the Gospel parable, one of the servants received money from the master and buried it, being afraid to invest in a business that could bring both profit and loss. Upon the return of the master, the servant returned the talent and was punished for the lost time and the profit lost by the hoyain.

19. Tightened the gimp

I started some very long business, began to hesitate.

Gimp is the finest wire made of precious metals, which has acquired rather the properties of a thread and was used to decorate camisoles, uniforms and dresses with beautiful complex patterns. It was necessary to pull the gimp on ever-decreasing jewelry rollers in several passes, which was a long process. Sewing gimp is even less quick.

20. Brought to white heat

Pissed off to a rage, uncontrollable rage.

Goes back to blacksmithing. When a metal is heated during forging, it glows differently depending on the temperature: first with red light, then yellow, and finally dazzling white. At an even higher temperature, the metal will already melt and boil.

21. Soap Opera

This is the name of a television series with a trivial plot.

The fact is that in the 30s in America they began to produce multi-part (then radio) programs for housewives with melodramatic plots. They were created with money from soap and detergent manufacturers who advertised their products in between.

22. A tablecloth path!

Nowadays, this is how the annoying guest or visitor is expelled. Previously, the meaning was the opposite - a wish for a good journey.

In one of the poems by Ivan Aksakov, you can read about the road, which is “as straight as an arrow, with a wide stitch that the tablecloth is laid down”. Knowing our spaces, they wished man an unhindered and easy path.

23. Egyptian Executions

Heavy punishments, calamities, torments that have fallen down.

Biblical story from the book of Exodus. For Pharaoh's refusal to release the Jews from captivity, the Lord subjected Egypt to terrible punishments - ten Egyptian executions: blood instead of water, execution by frogs, an invasion of midges, fly dogs, cattle pestilence, ulcers and abscesses, thunder, lightning and hail of fire, locust invasion, darkness and death firstborns in Egyptian families.

24. Do your bit

Invest part of your labor, skills or money in the creation of something important, big.

There is a biblical story about two mites of a poor widow, which she donated to the activities of the Jerusalem Temple. Lepta is one of the smallest coins of that time in the Roman Empire. Two mites were the only widow's money, donating which she remained hungry until the evening. Therefore, her victim was the largest of all.

25. Sing Lazarus

Begging, begging, trying to play on sympathy.

The parable of the rich man and Lazarus is told by the Savior in the Gospel. Lazarus was poor and lived at the gate of the rich man's house. Lazarus ate the remains of the rich man's food along with the dogs and endured all sorts of hardships, but after death he went to heaven, while the rich man ended up in hell.

Professional beggars in Russia often asked for alms on the steps of temples, comparing themselves to the biblical Lazarus, although they often lived much better. Therefore, attempts to pity and are called in a similar way.

Andrey Segeda

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Examples of phraseological phrases are often given when the speaking person wants to emphasize the richness of the Russian language. The history of many stable verbal constructions goes back centuries. They are easily used in conversation by native speakers, but they cause difficulties for foreigners. What do the most popular combinations mean?

Examples of phraseological phrases with the word "nose"

The combinations in which this word is present, in most cases, have nothing to do with the organ of smell. Vivid examples of phraseological phrases "with a nose" prove this.

"Lead by the nose." Thanks to the inhabitants of Central Asia, the Russian language was replenished with this verbal construction meaning "to deceive". Foreigners did not understand why little guys were able to control camels. Children lead these animals with a rope without encountering resistance. The submissiveness of camels is due to the fact that the rope that is used to control them passes through the ring located in the nose. They did the same with the bulls to pacify them.

"Hang up your nose." Examples of phraseological phrases can be continued with this original construction, implying despondency, sadness. The meaning of the phrase will become clearer if you add to it the lost end "by a fifth". The violinists assigned this name to the highest-toned string of their musical instrument. The nose practically touches her as she plays, as the violin is supported by the chin. At the same time, the musician's head bends, the shoulders drop, the illusion of sadness is created.

Phrases with the word "language"

More than one phraseological phrase is associated with the name of this organ of the human body. Examples of such constructions can be cited for a long time, among the most famous phrases - "tongue without bones". This characteristic is used in relation to a person who talks a lot without thinking about the consequences. The phrase was coined at a time when people became convinced that the tongue was devoid of bones. Consequently, the organ is capable of taking various directions, including unnecessary ones.

Continuing examples of phraseological turns, we can recall the expression "tongue swallowed." This construction implies that the speaking person suddenly becomes silent. The history of the phrase has not been established with certainty, but its connection with one of the military tricks is assumed. The soldiers, being captured, literally swallowed their tongues so that they would not let their opponents know important secrets under torture. The method was considered as a means of suicide.

Expressions with the word "tooth"

This word contains many phraseological turns of the Russian language. Examples can start with the popular phrase tit for tat. This statement means that a person who decides to commit a crime should receive appropriate punishment. For example, a knocked out tooth gives the victim the right to do the same with his own abuser. The phrases “have a tooth” and “sharpen a tooth” have a similar meaning, which indicate delayed revenge, hidden hostility.

There are also more peaceful "dental" phraseological turns. Examples and their meaning can be seen on the basis of the expression "know by heart". So say people who are convinced of their knowledge, they are free to navigate in the topic. The phrase has settled in the Russian language thanks to the tradition of trying coins on the tooth in order to avoid forgery. They did the same with jewelry.

"Show teeth" is a construction, the meaning of which is an open threat, a demonstration of hostility. The turnover appeared thanks to the animal world, predators warn in this way about an imminent attack.

Phrases with the word "money"

Money often becomes the main word with the help of which a phraseological turn is built. Examples of such expressions should start with the famous saying that "money doesn't smell." This truth became known to people thanks to Vespasian, the ruler who reigned in Rome in ancient times. The emperor told his son to sniff the coins, who was outraged at the new latrine tax. A descendant of the king was forced to admit that money does not really smell.

Even the absence of the word “money” does not prevent one from associating a phraseological phrase with them. Examples of sentences: "naked like a falcon", "nothing for the soul." Ancient people believed that the soul is located in the human body, taking place in the region of the collarbones. It was near this site that it was previously customary to keep a wallet with money. Consequently, they say “nothing for heart”, wishing to emphasize the lack of financial resources.

Elemental expressions

Fire, water, air - thanks to the mention of the elements, more than one bright phraseological phrase was born, rooted in the language. Using fire and sword, people describe a ruthless method of violence. The origin of the phrase is associated with the times when wars were fought with cold weapons and arson. Often, the lands of the enemies were set on fire, completely destroying them.

"The wind in the head" is a description applied to a frivolous person living one day. Ancient people believed that the head of an intelligent individual is a vessel for placing thoughts, while the head of a fool is empty, inside it is only the wind.

The characteristic "will not stir up water" goes to the person who is credited with decency and modesty. Once upon a time, women washed their clothes using river water. The benevolent housewives moving upstream made efforts not to pollute the river, without interfering with the work of those below. Selfish ladies immersed their dirty hands in the water without worrying about their neighbors.

Phrases about work

The attitude of a person to work also often made it possible to invent an apt phraseological phrase. It is easy to give examples with an explanation, it is enough to remember the expression “work carelessly”. This is how people talk about those who are careless about their work. The history of the phrase goes back to the time when peasants in Russia wore long-sleeved shirts. Before work, they had to be rolled up so as not to interfere.

When talking about a case that is constantly being postponed, it is customary to mention the "back box". The Russian language owes this phraseological unit to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who had a box for petitions from the people. Complaints were studied by the boyars, who often detained them and lost them.

"Shabby look" - a statement characterizing a person who wears dirty, rumpled clothes. It appeared thanks to Peter the Great, who entrusted the management of the weaving factory to Ivan Zatrapeznikov. The factory's products were inexpensive coarse fabrics.

"Kazan orphan" is an expression that arose during the time of Ivan the Terrible. Having seized Kazan, the ruler paid generous compensation to its individual residents. However, they often misused benefits, portrayed the poor, persistently asked for rewards. As a result, the phrase began to be used in relation to those who pretend to be beggars.

Knowledge of the origin of phraseological expressions helps to better understand the history of the country.

You have probably heard more than once that some phrases are called phraseological units. And, we argue, we used such phrases ourselves many times. Let's check what you know about them. We guarantee we know more. And we will be happy to share information.

What is a phraseological unit?

Phraseologism - turnover, which is freely reproduced in speech, has a holistic, stable and, often, figurative meaning. From the point of view of structure, it is built as a compositional or subordinate phrase (it is non-predicative or predicative).

In what case does a certain phrase become a phraseological unit? When each of its constituent parts loses its independence as a semantic unit. And together they form a phrase with a new, allegorical meaning and imagery.

Signs of phraseological units:

• sustainability;
• reproducibility;
• integrity of meaning;
• dismemberment of the composition;
• belonging to the nominative dictionary of the language.

Some of these features characterize the internal content of the phraseological turnover, some - the form.

How are phraseological units different from words?

First of all, its pronounced stylistic coloring. Most of the common vocabulary words of the average person are neutral vocabulary. Phraseological units, on the other hand, are characterized by an estimated value, an emotionally expressive coloring, without which the realization of the meaning of phraseological units is impossible.

From the point of view of the style of the language, phraseological units can be divided into:

• neutral ( from time to time, little by littleetc.);
• high style ( cornerstone, rest in the bose and etc.);
• colloquial and vernacular ( tablecloth road, catching crows etc.).

How do phraseological units differ from phraseological combinations, proverbs and sayings, catchphrases?

Phraseologisms are capable (and actively carry out this) in composition to combine with words of free use (that is, all other words of the language, "non-phraseological units").

How phraseological units are divided by origin:

• native Russians - some free phrases were rethought in speech as metaphors and turned into phraseological units ( reel in fishing rods, fish in troubled waters, knead mud, spread wings, grated roll etc.);
• borrowing from Old Church Slavonic (hesitating nothing like the apple of an eye, not of this world, a parable in the town, at the time of it, the holy of holies and etc.);
• stable phrases-terms that have turned into metaphors (lead to a common denominator \u003d equalize, specific gravity \u003d value, thicken the colors \u003d greatly exaggerate, squaring the circle and etc.);
• accepted in everyday life persistent namesthat do not belong to any terminological system ( indian summer, goat's leg etc.);
• winged words and expressionsthat came to us from greek and Roman mythology (achilles heel, sword of damocles, tantalum flour, wash your hands etc.);
• winged words and expressions originally from the Bible and other religious texts ( manna from heaven, abomination of desolation etc.);
• catchphrases come from literature, which lost contact with the original source and entered the speech as phraseological units ( magician and wizard - comedy A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin "The Wedding of Krechinsky" (1855), between a rock and a hard place - F. Spielhagen's novel Between a Rock and a Hard Place (1868), between Scylla and Charybdis - Homer, "Odyssey" (VIII century BC);
• idioms-tracing paper, that is, a literal translation of set expressions from other languages \u200b\u200b( smash on the head - it. aufs Haupt schlagen, not at ease - fr. ne pas etre dans son assiette, time of the dog and the wolf - fr. l'heure entre chien et loup, literally: time after sunset, when it is difficult to tell a dog from a wolf).

Do not belong to phraseological units:

• phraseological combinations like pour contempt, pay attention, win, make a decision; wolfish appetite, maiden memory, bosom friend, sworn enemy, dog cold and the like. The words that make up these phrases retain the ability to meaningfully and grammatically connect with another word. Phraseological combinations are classified as specific phrases. And the phraseological units themselves are not phrases in the common sense of this definition (* in fact, this is a rather controversial point of classification, and in the future we will consider some of these expressions);
• stable phrases-terms ( exclamation mark, brain, chest, vertebral column, progressive paralysis) and compound names (such as red corner, wall newspaper);
• constructions such as: in sight, for sight, under authority, if they cannot be compared with a literal prepositional-case combination of words (compare: on the nose \u003d very soon and on the nose mole);
• catch phrases, proverbs and sayings ( Happy hours are not observed; Love for all ages; Whoever comes to us with a sword will perish by the sword; Do not renounce the scrip and the prison and others) - they differ from phraseological units in that they are combined in speech not with words, but with whole sentences (parts of sentences).

Lexico-grammatical classification

Phraseologisms can also be classified from a lexico-grammatical point of view:

• verbal- are used in speech in the form of an imperfect and perfect form: take / take the bull by the horns, hang / hang the nose, iron / pet against the grain etc. A significant number of verbal phraseological units nevertheless stuck in the language in the form of only one type: perfect ( wave your hand, plug in your belt, kill two birds with one stone) or imperfect ( drive by the nose, smoke the sky, stand uphill (for someone)).
• registered- implemented in nominal phrases ( indian summer, dark forest, filkin's letter). In a sentence, they can play the role of a nominal predicate - they are used in I. p. or sometimes in T. p.
• adverbial - are realized in adverbial combinations ( in all shoulder blades, in all eyes, in one word, in a black body, so-so).
• adjective -characterized by the fact that for their interpretation, definitive (adjective) phrases are required ( skin and bones \u003d very thin wet behind the ears \u003d too young).
• verb-nominal predicative - are built on the model of a sentence and are implemented in verb-nominal phrases (in fact, sentences where an indefinite pronoun acts as a subject (grammatical or logical)): eyes on the forehead climb who, and the flag in hand to whom.

Phraseologisms and idioms - is there a difference?

Do I need to distinguish between phraseological units and idioms? Idioms - these are speech turns that cannot be divided into constituent parts without losing the original meaning and the general meaning of which cannot be deduced from the meanings of individual words that make up their composition. We can say that phraseological unit and idiom are related as genus and species. That is, a phraseological unit is a broader concept, a particular case of which is an idiom.

Idioms are curious because when literally translated into another language, their meaning is lost. An idiom gives a characteristic of phenomena that is logical for the speakers of a certain language, but relies on definitions and metaphors that outside this language cannot be understood without additional interpretation. For example, in Russian we speak about heavy rain like a shower... The British in the same case say rain of cats and dogs (It's raining cats and dogs). And, for example, Estonians will say about a heavy downpour like a bean stalk.

We will say something incomprehensible chinese diploma, but for the Danes it is “ sounds like the name of a Russian city "... The German will say: "I only understood the" station ", Pole - "Thank you, everyone is healthy at home.", the Englishman will use "It's all Greek to me".

Or let's take the famous Russian phraseological unit beat thumbs up (\u003d sit back, do nonsense) - it cannot be translated into another language verbatim. Because the origin of the expression is associated with the phenomena of the past, which has no analogues in modern times. "To beat the thumbs up" means to split the log into chocks for turning spoons and wooden utensils.

Phraseologisms, speech stamps and cliches

Do not confuse phraseological units with speech cliches and stamps. Phraseologisms are a product of language metaphorization. They enrich speech, make it more expressive and varied, and add imagery to the expression. Clichés and cliches, on the contrary, impoverish speech, reduce it to some kind of hackneyed formulas. Although phraseological units have a stable structure and are reproduced, as a rule, entirely, without changes or additions, they liberate thinking and give free rein to the imagination. But clichés and cliches make thinking and speech stereotyped, deprive them of their individuality and testify to the poverty of the speaker's imagination.

For example, the expressions black gold (\u003d oil), people in white coats (\u003d doctors), soul light - has long been no longer metaphors, but real cliches.

Common mistakes in the use of phraseological units

Incorrect use of phraseological units leads to the emergence of speech errors, sometimes just annoying, and sometimes even comical.

1. The use of phraseological units in the wrong meaning. For example, if you literally understand or distort the meaning of a phraseological unit - In the forest, I always use repellents, so mosquito nose will not undermine... The meaning of this phraseological unit is "you won't find fault with anything", in this case the phrase was understood too literally and therefore used incorrectly.
2. Distortion of the phraseological unit form.

• Grammar Distortion - It Works down iv sleeves (correctly down i sleeves). His stories to me imposed on teeth (correctly imposed in teeth). It is also wrong to replace short forms of adjectives with full ones in phraseological units.
• Lexical distortion - Shut up for your someone's belt(it is impossible to freely introduce new units into the phraseological unit). Live wide (correctly live on a wide leg - you can not throw out words from phraseological units).

Violation of lexical compatibility. He never had his own opinion - he always repeated after everyone and sang to someone else's tune (in fact, there are phraseological units dance to someone else's tune and sing from someone else's voice).

Modern phraseological units

Like any lexical units, phraseological units are born, exist for some time, and some of them sooner or later go out of active use. If we talk about the relevance of phraseological units, then they can be divided into:

• common;
• obsolete;
• outdated.

The system of phraseological units of the Russian language is not once and for all frozen and unchangeable. New phraseological units inevitably arise in response to the phenomena of modern life. Borrowed as cripples from other languages. And they enrich modern speech with new, relevant metaphors.

For example, here are several relatively "fresh" phraseological units that have taken root in the Russian language relatively recently (mainly in the twentieth century):

On a living thread - do something not too carefully, temporarily, with the expectation in the future to redo the work as it should, to do it without unnecessary effort. The origin of the phraseological unit is quite transparent: when seamstresses sew parts of a product together, they first sweep them with large stitches so that they just stick together. And then the details are sewn neatly and tightly.

Cloudless nature - a characteristic for a calm and calm person with a benevolent and balanced character, a person without any special flaws and not subject to mood swings. And it can also be used not only to describe a person, but also to characterize abstract phenomena (relations between people, for example).

How to send two bytes - a characteristic for any action, which is completely easy to perform.

Speak different languages - not find mutual understanding.

Make lemonade from lemon - to be able to apply even the most unfavorable conditions and circumstances to your benefit and achieve success in this.

What are synonymous phraseological units for?

By the way, phraseological units can be both synonyms and antonyms with each other. Having understood what connections exist between different at first glance phraseological units, one can deeper comprehend their meanings. And also to diversify the use of these expressions in speech. Sometimes synonymous phraseological units describe different degrees of manifestation of a phenomenon or its different, but similar aspects. Look at these examples of phraseological units:

• About a person who means nothing to society and does not represent anything of himself, they also say small fryand the last spoke in the chariotand low flying birdand bump out of the blue.
• The antonyms for these phraseological units are turns: important bird, high flying bird, big shot.

Interpretation of phraseological units

We bring to your attention the interpretation and even the history of the origin of some phraseological units. They are included in the active stock of the modern Russian language. And, despite the fact that some are no longer just tens, but even a couple of hundred years old, they remain popular and are widely used in everyday speech and literature.

augean stables - so they burn about a very dirty place, a neglected and untidy room, things scattered in a mess. Also applies to disordered, disordered, and neglected affairs.

Phraseologism comes from ancient Greek myths. One of the exploits of Hercules was cleaning the stables of King Elis Augeus, which had not been cleaned for 30 years.

ariadne's thread - a wonderful way to find a way out of a predicament.

This turnover also came to us from ancient Greek myths. According to legend, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos Ariadne helped the Athenian hero Theseus to get out of the minotaur's labyrinth, giving him a ball of thread so that he could return from the tangled corridors along the thread fixed at the entrance to the labyrinth. By the way, if one day you become interested in ancient literature, you will find out that later Ariadne probably regretted that she undertook to help Theseus.

achilles' heel - the weakest and most vulnerable point, secret weakness.

According to ancient Greek mythology, the hero Achilles was miraculously tempered from any danger. And only one heel remained humanly vulnerable. From a wound inflicted in the heel with an arrow, Achilles subsequently died.

lamb in a piece of paper - bribe.

It is believed that phraseological unit originated in the 18th century. At that time, there was a magazine called "Anything and everything", the editor of which was the Empress Catherine II. The monarch harshly criticized the bribery prevalent among officials. And she argued, they say, officials, hinting at a bribe, demand to bring them "a lamb in a piece of paper." The turnover was popular with the Russian writer M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, who, as you know, often ridiculed the vices of contemporary society.

without a hitch, without a hitch - impeccably, without complications and problems, well and smoothly.

Hitch used to be called roughness, unevenness on the surface of a smoothly planed board.

sound the alarm - to draw everyone's attention to something of great public or personal importance, to something dangerous and disturbing.

Nabat - in the Middle Ages and earlier periods of history, to notify people about trouble (fire, invasion of enemies, etc.), an alarm signal was sounded by the sound of bells, less often drums were beaten.

good swearing (scream) - scream very loudly, at the top of the lungs.

Phraseologism has nothing to do with modern abusive vocabulary, i.e. checkmate. From Old Russian, good can be translated as strong, and mate - as a voice. Those. you should understand an expression literally only if you know what each of its parts separately means.

big boss - an important, respected and significant person in society.

In the old days, heavy loads on the rivers were rafted with the help of the draft power of people (barge haulers). In the shoulder strap, the most experienced, physically strong and enduring person walked in front of everyone, who was called a bump in the jargon accepted in this environment.

shave forehead - send to military service, to the soldiers.

Before a new military service charter was adopted in 1874, recruits were recruited (usually under duress) for a period of 25 years. While the recruitment lasted, all those fit for military service were shaved baldly.

babel - confusion and crush, disorder.

Biblical legends describe the construction of a grandiose tower up to the sky ("the pillar of creation"), which was started by the inhabitants of Ancient Babylon and in which many people from different lands took part. As punishment for this insolence, God created many different languages, so that the builders stopped understanding each other and, in the end, could not complete the construction.

bartholomew's night - mass beating, genocide and extermination.

On the night of August 24, 1572, in Paris, on the eve of Saint Bartholomew's Day, Catholics staged a massacre of Protestant Huguenots. As a result, several thousand people were physically destroyed and injured (according to some estimates, up to 30 thousand).

kolomenskaya verst - a characteristic for a person of very tall stature.

In the past, the distance on the roads was marked by milestones. This particular expression was born from the comparison of tall people with milestones on the way between Moscow and the village of Kolomenskoye (the summer residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located there).

hang dogs - to accuse someone, condemn and blame, slander and blame someone else.

By "dog" I mean not an animal, but an outdated name for thorns and thorns.

in all shoulder blades - very fast.

This turn was born to denote a very fast running of a horse, when it gallops "with all its front legs."

free Cossack - definition for a free and independent person.

In the Muscovite state of the XV-XVII centuries, this was the name for free people from the central regions of the country who fled to the periphery in order to escape from enslavement (i.e., turning into serfs).

newspaper duck - unverified, distorted or even from beginning to end false information in the media.

There are several versions of the origin of this phraseological unit. The most popular among journalists is this: in the past, in newspapers, next to dubious and unverified reports, they put the letters NT ( non testatum \u003d "Not tested" in Latin). But the fact is that the German word for duck ( ente) is consonant with this abbreviation. So this expression was born.

highlight of the program - the most important part of the performance, the best and most important number, something very important and significant.

The famous Eiffel Tower was built in Paris especially for the World Exhibition (1889). To the contemporaries of those events, the tower resembled a nail. By the way, it was assumed that the tower would be dismantled 20 years after the exhibition. And only the development of radio broadcasting saved it from destruction - the tower began to be used as a tower for placing radio transmitters. And the expression has since stuck to denote something unusual, noticeable and significant.

pillars of Hercules (pillars) - the highest, extreme degree of something.

It was originally used to describe something very distant, practically “on the border of the world”. So in ancient times they called two rocks located on the shores of the Strait of Gibraltar. In those days, people believed that the pillar rocks were installed there by the ancient Greek hero Hercules.

goal like a falcon - characteristic for a very poor person.

Falcon - this was the name of the ancient battering weapon used during the siege. It looked like a perfectly smooth cast-iron block attached to chains.

sword of Damocles - constant threat, danger.

In ancient Greek myths, there was a story about a tyrant from Syracuse, Dionysius the Elder. He taught a lesson for envy of his position to one of his confidants named Damocles. At the feast, Damocles was seated in a place over which a sharp sword was suspended from a horse's hair. The sword symbolized the many dangers that constantly haunt a person of such a high position as Dionysius.

case burned out - i.e. anything completed successfully, satisfactorily.

The origin of this phraseological unit is associated with the peculiarities of judicial office work in the past. The defendant could not be charged with any charges if his court case was destroyed, for example, by fire. Wooden courts, along with all the archives, were often burned in the past. And there were also cases when court cases were destroyed on purpose, for a bribe to court officials.

reach the handle - to reach an extreme degree of humiliation, extreme poverty, to finally sink and lose self-respect.

When ancient Russian bakers baked rolls, they gave them the shape of a padlock with a round bow. This form had a purely utilitarian purpose. It was convenient to hold the roll by the bow while eating. Apparently, they already guessed about the illness of dirty hands, so they disdained the handle of the roll. But it could be given to the beggars or thrown to a hungry dog. It was only possible to reach the point of eating a handle from a roll only in the most extreme case, in extreme need, or simply without caring at all about your health and image in the eyes of others.

bosom friend - the closest and most reliable friend, soul mate.

Before Christianity came to Russia, it was believed that the human soul is in the throat, "behind the Adam's apple." After the adoption of Christianity, they began to believe that the soul is located in the chest. But the designation of the most trusted person, whom you can even entrust your own life and for whom you will regret it, has remained as a "bosom", that is, "Soul" friend.

for lentil stew - to change their ideals or supporters out of selfish motives.

According to biblical tradition, Esau ceded the birthright to his brother Jacob for just a bowl of lentil soup.

golden mean - an intermediate position, behavior aimed at avoiding extremes and making risky decisions.

This is a tracing paper from the Latin saying of the ancient Roman poet Horace “ aurea mediocritas ".

history with geography - a state when things took an unexpected turn that no one expected.

Phraseologism was born from the outdated name of the school discipline - "history with geography."

and a no brainer - something that should be understood even by the most dull, self-evident.

There are two versions of the origin of this phraseological unit. It is also possible that they are both fair and one follows from the other. One by one, the circulation went to the people after the poem by V. Mayakovsky, in which there were such lines: "It is clear even a hedgehog / This Petya was a bourgeois." According to another, the expression stuck in boarding schools for gifted children that existed in Soviet times. The letters E, F and I were used to designate classes with students of the same year of study. And the students themselves were called “hedgehogs”. In terms of their knowledge, they lagged behind pupils from grades A, B, C, D, D. Therefore, what is understandable to a "hedgehog" should have been all the more understandable for more "advanced" students.

not washing, so by rolling - not in one, so in another way to achieve the desired result.

This phraseological unit describes the old way of washing, adopted in the villages. The linen was rinsed by hand, and then, in the absence of such benefits of civilization as an iron at that time, they were “rolled away” with a special wooden rolling pin. After that, things became wrinkled, especially clean and even practically ironed.

last chinese warning - empty threats that do not entail any decisive action.

This phraseological unit was born relatively recently. In the 1950s and 1960s, US Air Force reconnaissance aircraft frequently violated Chinese airspace. The Chinese authorities responded to any such border violation (and there were several hundred of them) with an official warning to the US leadership. But no decisive action was taken to stop the reconnaissance flights of the American pilots.

quietly - secretly and gradually do something, act on the sly.

Sapa (from it. zappa \u003d "Hoe") - a ditch or a tunnel, imperceptibly pulled out towards the enemy's fortifications in order to catch him by surprise. In the past, in this way, they often dug under the walls of enemy fortresses, laying charges of gunpowder in the trenches. Exploding, the bombs destroyed the outer walls and opened the way for attackers to break through. By the way, the word "sapper" of the same origin was the name given to people who left powder charges in glanders.

Conclusion

We hope that we were able to at least slightly open for you the diverse and interesting world of phraseological units. If you continue this journey on your own, there are still many interesting discoveries ahead.

Phraseological turns change over time, new phenomena in life lead to the emergence of new phraseological units. If you know any interesting new phraseological units, tell us about it in the comments. We will definitely supplement this article with them and will not forget to thank those who send us new phraseological units.

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Phraseologisms they call stable combinations of words, turns of speech such as: "beat your thumbs up", "hang your nose", "ask a headwash" ... The turnover of speech, which is called phraseological unit, is indivisible in meaning, that is, its meaning does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words. It only works as a whole, lexical unit.

Phraseologisms - these are catchwords that do not have an author.

The meaning of phraseological units is to give an emotional coloring to an expression, to strengthen its meaning.

When phraseological units are formed, some components acquire the status of optional (optional): “Components of a phraseological unit that can be omitted in some cases of its use are called optional components of a phraseological unit, and the phenomenon itself, as a feature of the phraseological unit's form, is called an optional component of a phraseological unit.

The first component of the turnover can be optional, optional, i.e. the expression will sound without it.

Signs of phraseological units

Phraseologisms usually do not tolerate the replacement of words and their rearrangements, for which they are also called stable phrases.

Through thick and thin cannot be pronounced what would I be or by all means, and protect as the pupil of the eye instead cherish like the apple of an eye.

There are, of course, exceptions: to be puzzled or break your head, take by surprise and take someone by surprisebut such cases are rare.

Many phraseological units can be easily replaced with one word:

headlong - fast,

at hand - close.

The most important feature of phraseological units is their figurative and figurative meaning.

Often a direct expression turns into a figurative, expanding the shades of its meaning.

Bursting at the seams - from the speech of the tailor acquired a broader meaning - to decline.

Confound - from the speech of railroad workers passed into general use in the meaning of confusing.

Examples of phraseological units and their meanings

Backlash beat - mess around
Helen overeat - get mad (applies to people who do stupid things
After the rain on Thursday - never
Anika the warrior - a braggart, brave only in words, far from danger
Ask a headwash (bath) - soap your neck, head - scold
White crow - a person who stands out sharply from the environment in one way or another
Live - to be gloomy, not to communicate with anyone
Throw down the glove - challenge someone to a dispute, competition (although no one throws gloves)
Wolf in sheep's clothing - evil people pretending to be kind, who hide under the guise of meekness
Soar in the clouds - blissfully dream, fantasize about something
The soul is gone - a person who is frightened, frightened
Do not regret your belly - sacrifice life
Nick down - remember tightly
Make an elephant out of a fly - turn a small fact into a whole event
On a silver platter - get what you want with honor, without much effort
At the end of the earth - somewhere very far
On the seventh sky - be in complete ecstasy, in a state of the highest bliss
You can't see anything - so dark that you can't see the paths, paths
Throw headlong - to act recklessly, with desperate determination
Eat a pound of salt - get to know each other well
Then piss off - go away, we'll do without you
Build castles in the air - dream of the impossible, indulge in fantasies. Think, think about what cannot be realized in reality, get carried away by illusory assumptions, hopes
Work up your sleeves - work hard, with diligence.

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Phraseologisms about school

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
Live and learn.
A scientist is idle, like a cloud without rain.
Learn from a young age - you will not die of hunger in old age.
What I learned was useful.
It's hard to learn, easy to fight.
Teach mind-mind.
Pass the school of life.
Drive into the head.
Bang your head on the ice.
Teach the fool that heal the dead.

Phraseologisms from ancient Greek mythology

There are primordially Russian phraseological units, but there are also borrowed ones, including phraseological units that came to the Russian language from ancient Greek mythology.

Tantalum flour - intolerable torment from the consciousness of the proximity of the desired goal and the inability to achieve it. (An analogue of the Russian proverb: "The elbow is close, but you won't bite"). Tantalus is a hero, son of Zeus and Pluto, who reigned in the area of \u200b\u200bMount Sipila in southern Phrygia (Asia Minor) and was famous for his wealth. According to Homer, Tantalus was punished for his crimes in the underworld with eternal torment: standing up to his throat in water, he cannot get drunk, since the water immediately recedes from his lips; fruit-laden branches hang from the trees around him, which heave upward as Tantalus reaches out to them.

Augean stables - a heavily littered, polluted place, usually a room where everything is lying around in a mess. Phraseologism originated from the name of the huge stables of the Elid king Augean, not cleaned for many years. Only the mighty Hercules, the son of Zeus, could cleanse them. The hero cleared the Augean stables in one day, sending the waters of two turbulent rivers through them.

Sisyphean labor - useless, endless hard work, fruitless work. The expression came from the ancient Greek legend about Sisyphus, a famous cunning man who could deceive even the gods and constantly came into conflict with them. It was he who managed to bind Thanatos, the god of death, sent to him, and keep him in captivity for several years, as a result of which people did not die. For his actions, Sisyphus was severely punished in Hades: he had to roll a heavy stone onto the mountain, which, reaching the top, inevitably fell down, so that all the work had to start anew.

Sing praises - excessively, enthusiastically praise, praise someone or something. It originated from the name of dithyrambs - songs of praise in honor of the god of wine and the vine Dionysus, which were sung during processions dedicated to this deity.

Golden Rain - large sums of money. The expression originated from the ancient Greek myth of Zeus. Captivated by the beauty of Danaë, daughter of the Argos king Acrisius, Zeus penetrated her in the form of a golden rain, and from this connection Perseus was born later. Danae, showered with rain of gold coins, is depicted in the paintings of many artists: Titian, Correggio, Van Dyck, and others. Hence the expressions "golden rain is pouring", "golden rain will be pouring". Titian. Danae.

Throwing thunder and lightning - scold someone; speak angrily, irritably, reproaching, denouncing or threatening someone. It arose from the idea of \u200b\u200bZeus - the supreme god of Olympus, who, according to myths, dealt with his enemies and people he disliked with the help of terrifying lightning forged by Hephaestus.

Ariadne's thread, Ariadne's thread - what helps to find a way out of a difficult situation. By the name of Ariadne, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos, who, according to ancient Greek myth, helped the Athenian king Theseus, after he killed the half-bull, half-man Minotaur, to safely get out of the underground labyrinth using a ball of thread.

Achilles' heel - weak side, weak point of something. In Greek mythology, Achilles (Achilles) is one of the most powerful and brave heroes; he is sung in Homer's Iliad. The post-Homeric myth, transmitted by the Roman writer Hyginus, reports that the mother of Achilles, the sea goddess Thetis, in order to make her son's body invulnerable, dipped him into the sacred river Styx; while dipping, she held him by the heel, which was not touched by the water, so the heel remained Achilles' only vulnerable spot, where he was mortally wounded by Paris's arrow.

Gifts of the Danians (Trojan Horse) - insidious gifts that bring death with them for those who receive them. Arose from the Greek legends about the Trojan War. After a long and unsuccessful siege of Troy, the Danaans resorted to cunning: they built a huge wooden horse, left it at the walls of Troy, and themselves pretended to float away from the coast of Troad. The priest Laocoon, who knew about the cunning of the Danaans, when he saw this horse, exclaimed: "Whatever it is, I am afraid of the Danaans, even those who bring gifts!" But the Trojans, not listening to the warnings of Laocoon and the prophetess of Cassandra, dragged the horse into the city. At night, the Danaans, hiding inside the horse, went out, killed the guards, opened the city gates, let in the comrades who had returned on the ships, and thus captured Troy.

Between Scylla and Charybdis - to be between two hostile forces, in a position where danger is threatening from both sides. According to the legends of the ancient Greeks, two monsters lived on the coastal rocks on both sides of the Strait of Messina: Scylla and Charybdis, who devoured seafarers. "Scylla, ... barking incessantly, A shrill screech, a screeching of a young puppy like that, The surroundings of monsters announces everything ... Not a single sailor could pass her unharmed With an easy ship: all gaping jaws of teeth, At once she was six people from the ship kidnaps ... Closely you will see another rock ... The whole sea under that rock is terribly disturbed by Charybdis, Three times a day absorbing and three times a day erupting Black moisture. Do not dare approach when it swallows: Poseidon himself will not save the faithful from death ... "

Promethean fire sacred fireburning in the soul of a person, an unquenchable desire to achieve high goals in science, art, social work. Prometheus in Greek mythology is one of the titans; he stole fire from heaven and taught people to use it, thereby undermining faith in the power of the gods. For this, an angry Zeus ordered Hephaestus (the god of fire and blacksmithing) to chain Prometheus to a rock; the eagle flew in every day tore at the liver of the chained titan.

Apple of discord - the subject, the cause of the dispute, enmity, was first used by the Roman historian Justin (II century AD). It is based on Greek myth. The goddess of discord Eris rolled between the guests at the wedding feast a golden apple with the inscription: "The most beautiful." Among the guests were the goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, who argued about which of them should get the apple. Their dispute was resolved by Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priam, by awarding the apple to Aphrodite. In gratitude, Aphrodite helped Paris to kidnap Helena, the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus, which caused the Trojan War.

Sink into oblivion - to be forgotten, disappear without a trace and forever. From the name Leta - the river of oblivion in the underworld of Hades, the souls of the dead drank water from it and forgot their whole past life.

Phraseologisms with the word "WATER"

Storm in a teacup - great excitement for a negligible reason
It is written with a pitchfork on the water - it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: "grandmother said in two"
Do not spill water - great friends, about strong friendship
Water in a sieve to carry - wasting time, doing useless business Similarly: crushing water in a mortar
I took water in my mouth - is silent and does not want to answer
Carry water (on smb.) - burden with hard work, taking advantage of his docile nature
Bring to clean water - expose dark deeds, convict in a lie
Come out dry from water - to remain unpunished, without bad consequences
Money is like water - I mean the ease with which they are spent
Blow on the water, burnt in milk - be overly cautious, remembering past mistakes
As I looked into the water - as if he knew in advance, foresaw, accurately predicted events
As it sank into the water - disappeared, without a trace, disappeared without a trace
Down in the mouth - sad, sad
Like water through your fingers - one who easily escapes pursuit
As two drops of water - very similar, indistinguishable
If you don’t know ford, don’t go into the water - warning not to take hasty actions
Like a fish in water - feel confident, orientate very well, understand something well,
Like water off a duck's back - a person does not care about everything
Much water has flown under the bridge since that time - a lot of time has passed
Carry water in a sieve - wasting time
Seventh water on jelly - very distant relationship
Hide the ends in the water - hide the traces of the crime
Quieter than water, below the grass - behave modestly, unnoticed
Crush water in a mortar - to engage in useless business.

Phraseologisms with the word "nose"

It is interesting that in phraseological units the word nose practically does not reveal its main meaning. The nose is an organ of smell, however, in stable phrases, the nose is primarily associated with the idea of \u200b\u200bsomething small, short. Remember the tale about Kolobok? When the Fox needed the Gingerbread Man to fall within her reach, to become closer, she asks him to sit on her nose. However, the word nose does not always mean the organ of smell. He also has other meanings.

Mutter under your breath - grumble, grumble, mumble inaudibly.
Lead by the nose - this phrase came to us from Central Asia. Visitors are often surprised how young children manage to cope with huge camels. The animal obediently follows the child, leading him by the rope. The fact is that the rope is threaded through the ring in the nose of the camel. Here, if you want or don't want to, you have to obey! Rings were also inserted into the noses of the bulls to make their disposition more complaisant. If a person deceives someone or does not fulfill the promise, then they also say about him that he "leads by the nose."
Turn up one's nose - unreasonably proud of something, boast.
Nick down - To hack to death on the nose means: remember tightly, tightly, once and for all. It seems to many that this is not said without cruelty: it is not very pleasant if you are offered to make a notch on your own face. In vain fear. The word nose here does not at all mean the organ of smell, but just a commemorative plaque, a tag for notes. In ancient times, illiterate people always carried such tablets with them and made all kinds of notes on them with notches, cuts. These tags were called noses.
Peck your nose - fall asleep.
Curious Barbara in the bazaar had her nose torn off - do not meddle in other matters.
On the nose - so they say about something that is about to come.
See no farther than your own nose - not to notice the surroundings.
Don't poke your nose into your own business - in this way they want to show that the person is too curious, out of place, interferes with what should not be.
Nose to nose - on the contrary, close.
Keep your nose downwind - in the glorious times of the sailing fleet, movement by sea was completely dependent on the direction of the wind, on the weather. Calmness, calm - and nickle sails, more like a rag. An opposing wind blows in the bow of the ship - you have to think not about sailing, but already about dropping all anchors, that is, “anchoring” and removing all sails so that the air flow does not throw the ship ashore. To go out to sea, a tailwind was required, which inflated the sails and sent the ship forward into the sea. The related vocabulary of the sailors received a figurative and entered our literary language. Now "keeping your nose downwind" - in a figurative sense, means adapting to any circumstances. "Drop anchor", "Anchor", - stop in motion, settle somewhere; "Sit by the sea and wait for the weather" - inactive expectation of change; "Full sail" - move to the intended goal at full speed, quickly, as soon as possible; Wish "Tailwind" to someone - means a wish for him good luck.
Hang nose or hang nose - if suddenly a person is depressed or he is simply sad, it happens about him, they say that he seemed to "hang his nose", and they can also add: "by a fifth." Quinta, translated from Latin, means: "fifth". Musicians, or more precisely, violinists, call the violin's first string in key (the highest). While playing, the violinist usually supports his instrument with his chin and his nose almost touches this string closest to him. The expression "hang up the nose for a fifth", improved among musicians, and entered fiction.
Stay with your nose - without what I was counting on.
Under the very nose - close.
Show nose - tease someone by putting your thumb to the nose and waving the others.
With a gulkin nose - very little (gulka is a pigeon, a pigeon's beak is small).
Poke your nose into other people's business- to be interested in other people's affairs.
Get away with your nose - the roots of the expression "get away with the nose" are lost in the distant past. In ancient times, bribery was very common in Russia. Neither in institutions, nor in court could a positive decision be achieved without an offering, a gift. Of course, the word "bribe" did not call these gifts hidden by the supplicant somewhere under the floor. They were politely called "bringing" or "nose." If the manager, judge or clerk took the "nose", then one could be sure that the case would be favorably resolved. In case of refusal (and this could happen if the gift seemed small to the official, or the offering from the opposite side had already been accepted), the petitioner left with his "nose" home. In this case, there was no hope of success. Since then, the words “get out of the way” began to mean “fail, fail, lose, stumble, without achieving anything.
Wipe your nose - if they managed to surpass someone, then they say that they wiped his nose.
Bury your nose - immerse yourself entirely in some kind of occupation.
Fed, drunk and a nose in tobacco - means everyone is satisfied and contented.

Phraseologisms with the word "MOUTH, LIPS"

The word mouth is included in a number of phraseological units, the meanings of which are associated with the speaking process. Food enters the human body through the mouth - a number of stable expressions in one way or another indicate this function of the mouth. There are not many phraseological units with the word lip.

You can't put it in your mouth - they say if food is cooked tasteless.
Lip no fool - they say about a person who knows how to choose the best.
Shut up someone- means not letting him speak.
Porridge in the mouth - the person speaks indistinctly.
There was no poppy dewdrop in my mouth - it means that the person has not eaten for a long time and he needs to be fed urgently.
Wet behind the ears - they say if they want to show that someone is still young and inexperienced.
Take water in your mouth- is to shut up yourself.
Pout lips - take offense.
Open mouth - freeze in amazement in front of something that struck the imagination.
The trouble is full of your mouth - they say if there are so many things to do that you do not have time to deal with them.
Wide open mouth - a sign of surprise.

Phraseologisms with the word "HAND"

Be close at hand - to be available, to be in close proximity
Warm your hands - enjoy the position
Keep in hand - do not give free rein, keep in strict obedience
As a hand took off - quickly disappeared, passed
On the hands to wear - to show a special disposition, attention, appreciate, pamper
Tirelessly ruk - work hard
To turn under the arm - accidentally be nearby
Get under the hot hand - run into a bad mood
Hand does not rise - it is in no way possible to perform an action due to an internal prohibition
Hand in hand - holding hands, together, amicably
Hand washes hand - people connected by common interests protect each other
Hands don't reach - there is no time or energy to do something
Hands itch - about a great desire to do something
Give by hand - very close, very close
Grip with both hands - gladly agree with some proposal
To rake in the heat with someone else's hands - enjoy the fruits of someone else's work
Skillful fingers - about someone who skillfully, skillfully does everything, copes with any work

Phraseologisms with the word "HEAD"

Wind in my head - an unreliable person.
Flew out of my head - I forgot.
Head is spinning - too many things to do, responsibilities, information.
Give head to be cut - to promise.
Like snow on your head - suddenly.
Fool your head - to deceive, to divert from the essence of the matter.
Don't blow your heads - to be responsible for their actions.
Inspect from head to toe - everything, carefully, carefully.
Headlong - risky.
They won't pat the head - scold.
From a sore head to a healthy one - to blame someone else.
Turn upside down - on the contrary.
Break your head over the task - think hard.
Breaking my head - very fast.

Phraseologisms with the word "EAR"

The word ear is included in phraseological units that are somehow related to hearing. Harsh words act primarily on the ears. In many stable expressions, the word ears rather means not an organ of hearing, but only its outer part. I wonder if you can see your ears? Using a mirror is not permitted in this case!

Be careful - a person is tensely waiting for danger. Vostry is an old form of acute.
Prick up your ears - listen carefully. The dog's ears are pointed and the dog lifts the ears up when they listen. Hence the phraseological unit arose.
Can't see your ears - they say about a person who will never get what he wants.
Plunge into something head over heels - they say to a person if he is completely absorbed in some occupation. You can be deeply in debt - if there are a lot of debts.
Blushed up to ears - they say when a person is very confused.
Hang ears - so they say about a person listening to someone too trusting.
Listen with all ears - means to listen carefully.
Listen with half-ear or out of ear - listen without much attention.
Ears wither - it is disgusting to listen to anything extremely.
Cuts ears - they say when something is unpleasant to listen to.

Phraseologisms with the word "TOOTH"

With the word tooth in Russian, there is a fairly large number of fixed expressions. Among them, a group of phraseological units is noticeable, in which the teeth act as a kind of weapon of defense or attack, a threat. The word tooth is also used in phraseological units denoting various deplorable conditions of a person.

Be in the teeth - to intrude, to bother.
Armed to the teeth - they say about a person who is dangerous to attack, because he can give a worthy rebuff.
Speak teeth - divert attention.
Tooth for tooth - scolding (a tendency to abuse), unyielding, “as it comes around, it will respond”.
The tooth does not fall on the tooth - they say if someone is frozen from a strong cold or from trembling, excitement, fear.
Give a tooth - mock, ridicule someone.
To eat - drive, push.
Bare teeth - mock.
Teeth to eat - gain experience.
Scratching teeth - talk nonsense, nonsense.
Try it on a tooth - learn, try directly.
Something too tough for anyone - it is difficult to bite off, beyond the strength, not according to the abilities.
Nothing to put on a tooth - they say when there is nothing to eat.
Not in the tooth with a foot - absolutely nothing (not to know, not to understand, etc.).
Look someone in the teeth - learn everything about a person.
Raise on a tooth - mock.
Show teeth - means to demonstrate your evil nature, a desire to be at enmity, to threaten someone.
Put your teeth on the shelf - starve when there is no food left in the house.
Speak through your teeth - barely open his mouth, reluctantly.
Grit your teeth- not discouraged, not discouraged, start the fight.
Sharpen or have a grudge against anyone - to be malignant, strive to cause harm.

Phraseologisms with the word "CHEST, BACK"

The words chest and back are included in oppositely colored phraseological units. However, there are positively colored phraseological units with the word back.

Stand up or stand with your chest for something - to rise to the defense, to defend steadily.
Ride on someone's back - achieve your goals, using someone to your advantage.
Bend your back - to work, or to bow.
Hunch back - to work.
Ride on whose back - use someone for some of their own purposes.
Behind anyone's back (to do something) - so that he does not see, does not know, secretly from someone.
Put your hands behind your back - cross them from behind.
On your own back (experience, learn anything) - from my own bitter experience, as a result of troubles, difficulties, hardships that I myself had to endure.
Stab in the back or stab in the back - treacherous, treasonous act, blow.
Turn your back - leave, leave to fend for themselves, stop communicating with someone.
Pave the way - to achieve a good position in life, achieves everything by hard work, overcomes all the difficulties that have fallen to him.
Skulk - to shift their duties or responsibilities onto someone else.
Work without straightening your back - diligently, diligently, a lot and hard. They can be praised about a working person.
Straighten your back - to gain self-confidence, to be encouraged.
Show your back - leave, run away.
To stand behind someone's back - secretly, covertly lead someone.

Phraseologisms with the word "LANGUAGE"

Language is another word that is often found in phraseological units, since language is extremely important for a person, it is with it that the idea of \u200b\u200bthe ability to speak and communicate is associated. The idea of \u200b\u200bspeaking (or, conversely, silence) can be traced in one way or another in many phraseological units with the word language.

Run with your tongue out - very fast.
Keep your mouth shut - to be silent, not to say too much; be careful what you say.
Long tongue - they say if a person is a chatterbox and likes to tell other people's secrets.
How a cow licked with her tongue - about something that quickly and without a trace disappeared.
Find a common language - to reach mutual understanding.
Step on the tongue - make them fall silent.
Hang your tongue on your shoulder - very tired.
Get on the tongue - become the subject of gossip.
Bite your tongue - shut up, refrain from speaking.
Untie tongue - encourage someone to talk; give someone the opportunity to speak.
Dissolve the tongue - without restraining yourself, losing control over yourself, talking out, talking too much.
Pip your tongue - an angry wish to an evil chatterbox.
Pull the tongue - to say something not quite suitable for the situation.
Shorten the tongue - to make someone shut up, not to let talk insolence, too much.
Scratch your tongue (scratch your tongue) - to speak in vain, to engage in chatter, idle talk.
Scratching tongues - gossip, gossip.
The devil pulled his tongue - an unnecessary word breaks out of the tongue.
Boneless tongue - they say if a person is chatty.
Tongue braided - you can't say anything clearly.
The tongue stuck to the larynx - suddenly shut up, stop talking.
Tongue swallow - shut up, stop talking (about unwillingness to talk to anyone).
The tongue is well suspended - they say about a person who speaks fluently.

Phraseologisms with the word "LITTLE"

Almost - about, almost
Small spool but precious - value is not determined by size
Small small less- one less than the other (about children)
Small bird, but sharp marigold - insignificant in position, but inspires fear or admiration for its qualities
Little dog old age puppy - a person of small stature always seems younger than his age, does not make a solid impression
You never know what- 1. anything you want, any 2. not essential, not important 3. excitement, what if ...
Little by little - slowly, little by little
Low speed - slowly
From small to large - all ages
For a little (drink) - a little, a small portion
Little play - make a small bet (in games)
From an early age - since childhood
The smallest - an insignificant part of something.

The correct and skillful use of phraseological units gives speech a special expressiveness, accuracy and imagery.

PHRASEOLOGISMS IN PICTURES

See if the phraseological units are correctly illustrated, and tell me how you understand their meaning?

Guess a few poetic riddles about phraseological turns:

You will not find any friendlier than these two guys in the world.
They usually say about them: water ...

We walked the town literally along and ...
And we were so tired on the road that we could hardly ...

Your comrade asks furtively
Copy the answers from the notebook.
Do not! After all, with this you will prove to your friend ...

They are false, confuse words, sing to the forest, ...
The guys won't listen to them:
From this song the ears ...

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Phraseologisms are the national wealth of the language. They liven up speech, make it colorful. Stable turns are an expressive stylistic means. Without them, it is difficult to imagine a text rich in speech. They animate and fill with images, the texts begin to live a new life.

In a work of fiction - the technique of characterizing a hero, creating a vivid character, spectacular pictures of reality on a par with metaphors, etc.

General concept of phraseological units

Phraseologism is a ready-made stable speech turnover with a single, holistic meaning. Stability refers to the relative constancy of the lexical (component) composition.

Phraseologism	The meaning of phraseological units
hold a stone in your bosom	harbor grudge against someone
how to drink give	sure, no doubt
bring to white heat	to a state of severe irritation, anger
come to a dead end	get stuck
small fry	a person who has no power, influence
wash dirty linen in public	divulge family secrets
smoke the sky	live in idleness
like uncut dogs	many
take the bull by the horns	get down to business with determination
digging through dirty laundry	take an interest in the details of someone's personal life
build castles in the air	come up with unrealizable plans
cover up the tracks	hide what might serve as evidence
take water in your mouth	keep silent
unwashed	be disappointed in one's expectations
without hind legs	1) to be in exhaustion, extreme fatigue; 2) sleep soundly
hold the tail with a gun	try to appear cheerful, independent

Stable phrases are studied by phraseology (Greek. phrasis - "expression", logos - "teaching"). All constant speech turns of the language are called "phraseology".
In a broad sense, phraseological units are proverbs and sayings, catchphrases - all holistic phrases or phrases.

Examples of phraseological units

• And the little chest just opened;
• all familiar faces;
• the tongue talks, but the head does not know;
• a husband loves a healthy wife, and a brother loves a rich sister;
• awful situation.

Phraseologism is a kind of linguistic unit. Outwardly, in structure, it is similar to phrases - it consists of two or more word components.

They differ in that the words in it lose their independent lexical meaning.

The meaning of the phraseological unit is not the sum of the values \u200b\u200bof the components, as in the free phrase - green + field \u003d green field, but completely different - to brew + porridge \u003d "start a difficult and unpleasant business", sideways + crawl out \u003d "do not pass without a trace, end badly." The meaning follows from a stable phrase and expresses one concept. It is one in meaning.

Phraseologisms have the property of impenetrability: a new component cannot be introduced into their structure. They are characterized by a stable sequence of words.

Other terms for defining phraseological units are idiom (Greek. idioma - "special property"), phraseological unit, phraseme, stable phrase, phraseological turnover. In any language, phraseological units are individual, they need to be understood. They are not translated verbatim into another language.

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• {!LANG-8a831879b25f05539998b32fe8a005de!}{!LANG-1ba4df919a32e552e84c481f8a23d264!} {!LANG-8a831879b25f05539998b32fe8a005de!}{!LANG-9f2a5bf2363f867dc1aaf2a7567227ea!}

{!LANG-1c342dd9fc62df177d641411bcf9ed8f!} {!LANG-3bd5554f2739cc087eadefd485e27407!}{!LANG-26bfa31b92242c01ef53dba643956242!}

{!LANG-ac884bd5232aa30c9693a73117c544c4!} {!LANG-ed92a5feca0a401d8200cf938abb74d6!}.

{!LANG-05d4dc89b7d8ca6b838f4cf6f4bd9aa3!} {!LANG-74439240fc1242302e458979809163b3!}

{!LANG-b54a6fd9d8211c2ecf459c8c637d8b71!}

{!LANG-73fd8595892de56a49a2f7f4f07c52cc!}

{!LANG-805ede9e40a4b8bf52d513d212911de7!} {!LANG-3df457f5a8dc5646aa211d4d9ec2bb47!}{!LANG-5f81936caab314f470f8b86e5475cd32!}

{!LANG-5027bfd2b3cd0811558429edb8ed3dc7!} {!LANG-bd66561bfa3f9e8d0fe64f43ca5f7cc0!}{!LANG-305680ea1fc6d1b6d9b033c0dbde7bab!} {!LANG-d62be1554f0457fdc2f5738b4fe7bee0!}{!LANG-62cf20e1ede1b432d5b60c577fb9f146!} {!LANG-6b54eb80b88ba5ff2cc4a122225941b3!}{!LANG-6daee268eb9445f0a4d466b75a129896!} {!LANG-a5d274a28f39b2d9a0ca688285169abf!}.

{!LANG-cfca990ecbe1ef00c81b8d5e9370901d!} {!LANG-cb2bc6a438e4ea442cce89df16072560!},{!LANG-7d56490e918d4f9c3ad9c0b311f71c9f!}.

{!LANG-d9248f017cfec5613625a0c83beb2ecf!}
{!LANG-0616420975fcfc412a0aeb9f8a4c1116!}

{!LANG-a39922e03a74aefa56ec3281fdd4c43b!} {!LANG-1383ccd70dfa28858060f0662c7d31d6!}{!LANG-c0f7d5066812c3b6af24dedd8a4604e3!}

{!LANG-26a64fa32ca3cfe90c9b2b171c665425!} {!LANG-b45d54d0d31dacf2ddc583174d68caa6!}{!LANG-a07e5b6991aa6f8766e5eceb13599f94!}

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{!LANG-5a9c7c6d7537cd27644fbf046b255600!} {!LANG-ee5c3e0bf12d891deac2d294c2a33fcb!}.

{!LANG-934caac2e73b58b15f4cbd0a422ea149!}

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{!LANG-8c8e2c9f2666dc34228042e3b30747f7!}

{!LANG-7eaff8cfde97143ceb23918fc97374bf!}

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2. {!LANG-308fa4fef7a7b4282dc7dbc184de6724!} {!LANG-f3382281580e953e53a6d61e77e7c542!}
3. {!LANG-6cd2968521aeea2e0eaed304e22daf00!} {!LANG-043f07fdaee58c268de153a7388a0b3a!}.
4. {!LANG-0358d3032d69f752005d33f137f4caf1!} {!LANG-562955f11a6342f300670f7d4c928d12!}.
5. {!LANG-9b1ede93fa1c232bb268e642c70197de!} {!LANG-4c2ecfed8b56e7bf7c83ff5e85b8222c!}?
6. {!LANG-218498bd608fc3f829f35909439936d8!} {!LANG-96e97f55dae3f1b924b6f75ec8722b8c!}.

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{!LANG-759962e360b18d4316f1c3a2077cefb4!} {!LANG-30c6ee53dc4a3ce5775866199c91b8f8!}