Instructions for the operation of plumbing equipment. Arrangement and installation of plumbing equipment

Many problems associated with plumbing can be avoided or postponed indefinitely if you are responsible for choosing and buying sanitary appliances - faucets, taps, sinks, sinks, toilets, bathtubs. Therefore, before purchasing this or that device (equipment), consult with professionals, look through special literature, visit the websites of various companies and forums, talk to sales consultants, that is, get the broadest possible understanding of the range of the modern plumbing market. This will allow you to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of certain devices and fittings, which will facilitate the choice. In short, work to ultimately give preference to exactly what will meet your needs and meet your capabilities.

To extend the service life of sanitary devices and prevent accidents associated with malfunctions, leaks, blockages of sewer pipes, they must be properly assembled and installed. This applies to all plumbing fixtures without exception, from a simple tap to a jacuzzi or a multi-functional shower. Think and soberly assess your level of competence before taking on difficult work on your own. Surely, inviting a qualified specialist will cost less than repairing or buying new plumbing in case of your failure.

If we assume that you made the right choice and purchased the products of a company that has a consistently good reputation (the opinion that imported sanitary ware is always better than Russian is baseless, since many domestic enterprises produce really high-quality goods); have correctly installed the equipment, then in order to extend its service life, try to operate it correctly, that is, find time for prevention and care. Below are tips to help you with this matter:

1. Correct use of plumbing means proper care of it. In essence, these are little things, but very important. For example, at the end of washing or washing, etc., be sure to turn off the tap. This not only saves water and money, but also protects your water supplies, as they wear out faster in working order.

2. Periodically clean taps and faucets, remove limescale from them.

3. If the tap is leaking, then get rid of the drip acting on the nerves not by tightening the flywheel forces, but by replacing the gasket. In order not to spoil the galvanic coating on taps and mixers during repairs, take care of keys with soft sponges or gaskets.

What to do if ... water leaks into the toilet, although the vertical draft is working, and sand gets on the saddle? The reason is the worn out or damaged pear. Replace it. If there is no spare, and there is a slight dent on the old one, restore its shape, for which fill it with some improvised material or attach a pair of metal washers to the axle to make it heavier.

4. Normal operation of sinks and sinks will be ensured if the siphons are regularly rinsed with 3-4 liters of hot water (boiling water is only suitable for cast iron models).

5. To avoid clogging the siphon, cover the drain hole of sinks and sinks with a metal mesh.

6. Do not wash dishes with cold water only. If the hot one is off, heat the water in a kettle or saucepan. This will prevent the accumulation of fatty deposits on the siphon, which will attract dirt particles and fragments, which ultimately will certainly lead to a blockage.

7. During operation of the drain tank (no matter what material it is - ceramics, metal or plastic), rinse it from time to time, for which pour a warm solution of washing powder or soda ash into the container (1 tablespoon for 3-4 liters water), after closing the valve and draining the water from the tank. Using a brush with a long handle, clean the walls of the tank from rust, limescale and everything that can settle on them during operation. Taking at least 10 minutes a month to do this will prevent damage to the outlet valve and float valve, the tube of which is most often damaged.

8. To prevent cracks and chips from appearing in the toilet bowl, protect it from mechanical damage, falling solid objects into it. To do this, simply install a cover on the device, which can be purchased in any home goods store complete with the seat.

9. Periodically, by shutting off the valve and draining the water from the drain tank, flush the toilet bowl with 1-2 buckets of hot water so that rust and scale that got into it from the riser does not accumulate.

10. You will be able to use the bathroom for a long time, if you do not test its coating for strength, arranging sudden temperature changes (if water is poured into a cold bath with a temperature of 70 ° C, the enamel can break off), from which the enamel turns yellow and becomes covered with a network of small cracks.

11. Observe the rules of operation when filling the bath: first let warm water to warm up the walls, after which you can safely bring the water temperature to the desired value.

12. Make it a rule to wash the bath before and after each use, using your usual household cleaning products. When buying, pay attention to their composition, since concentrated and highly effective cleaning fluids and gels can damage the bath coating, not to mention the negative effects of such substances on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs of the person using them. Over time, the place from which the enamel will be removed will begin to rust.

13. If the plumbing fixtures are in disrepair, for example, a rusty strip has stretched along the wall of the bathtub, do not try to destroy it at one time, starting to rub it violently - this may damage the enamel. Apply the cleaning agent to the stain and leave it on for a while, after which the stain can be easily removed with a brush or rag. This will preserve the coating and extend the life of the plumbing.

What to do if ... water leaks into the toilet from the overflow, and not as expected - from the gap between the pear and the saddle? Such a breakdown occurs in tanks in which the overflow is a narrow vertical socket. If the water level does not exceed the norm, then the reason is most likely that the nut that attaches the overflow has unscrewed. You will have to dismantle the tank or unscrew the shelf to tighten the nut.

14. Refrain from flushing chemically aggressive substances (for example, acetone, etc.) into the toilet, bathtub and washbasins, which will adversely affect the state of the sewer pipes.

15. A lot of problems are caused by rust that settles on the walls of cast iron and steel pipes, which are gradually oxidized under the influence of oxygen contained in the water. As a result, iron oxides appear on the walls of plumbing fixtures, which spoils their appearance. There are many folk remedies for combating yellow spots of corrosion, in particular baking soda, warm table vinegar with a pinch of salt dissolved in it, etc.

16. Most cleaning products contain abrasive substances. Such preparations are not intended for daily maintenance of plumbing fixtures, as they gradually destroy the coating.

17. The operation of whirlpool baths deserves a separate discussion. In addition to installing filters, about which a lot has already been said, other nuances must be taken into account.

18. If the water in the bath does not circulate, then long-term operation of the pump under such conditions will lead to overheating and depressurization, which will result in leaks.

19. If decorative lighting is provided, the lamp should be switched on only after the bath is filled with water. Otherwise, there is a possibility of getting burned on the body of a quickly heated lamp, and if the bathtub is acrylic, then its surface may deform.

20. Switch on the hydromassage only after the hydromassage nozzles are hidden under a layer of water and all their nozzles are open.

21. When using hard water, the hydromassage system must be cleaned every six months. To do this, pour water into the bath (temperature 40 ° C), add detergent (2 g per 1 liter of water), turn on the pump for 5 minutes, then drain the liquid and repeat the whole procedure, but without adding special agents. After 2 minutes of running the pump, turn it off and wash the bath.

What to do if ... water leaks into the toilet from the overflow, which is not attached with a nut, but inserted into a special hole in the bottom of the cistern? Try to seal the joint. To do this, turn off the valve, free the tank from water, remove the overflow, dry it and wind a linen roll on the bottom, lubricate it and the hole with oil paint (so that the paint hardens faster, drop the solvent into it), then put everything in place.

Folk remedy for cleaning plumbing

You can make your plumbing cleaner at home. This will reduce the cost of household chemicals and reduce the likelihood of allergies to synthetic substances. The main ingredients in natural cleaning products can be:

Baking soda;

Distilled (white) vinegar

Castile soap;

Vegetable oils;

Natural essential oils.

By combining the listed components, you can well clean and polish chrome, steel, tin and plastic surfaces, as well as eliminate unpleasant odors.

General requirements. Persons who have passed a medical examination, trained in safe methods of work and have an appropriate certificate of knowledge verification are allowed to work on the installation of sanitary devices. The safety knowledge test is carried out annually.

Plumbers must be at least 18 years old, who have a second profession of a welder, an appropriate certificate and at least II qualification group in safety, are allowed to welding.

Plumbers must be at least 20 years old, who have a qualification of at least the 4th grade, and who have worked in installation organizations for at least 3 years, are allowed to work with the assembly gun.

Locksmiths working with electric and pneumatic tools must be trained in special courses, know the rules for handling the tool and have an appropriate certificate for the right to work.

A newly hired plumber must undergo an introductory briefing on familiarization with the general safety rules in construction (SNiP Sh-A.11-70) and briefing directly at the workplace.

It is prohibited to carry out sanitary-technical work simultaneously in two or more tiers along the same vertical, if there are no interfloor floors and safety devices.

Work at a height (in the open air) with a wind of more than 6 points, ice, heavy snow, rain and thunderstorm is not allowed.

It is forbidden to stand under the raised or lowered load and use lifting mechanisms for lifting and lowering workers. When carrying out installation in the immediate vicinity of mechanical equipment, the latter must be turned off.

When working around energized electrical wires and equipment, it is recommended to take precautions to avoid electric shock.

Requirements for the tool and mechanisms. Before starting work, the locksmith is obliged to check the serviceability of the tools and mechanisms.

Hammer pins and sledge hammers should have a smooth surface without gouges, bevels, burrs or cracks. Safety goggles must be worn when working with chisels and other hand-held metal cutting tools.

Wrenches must be matched to the size of the nuts. It is prohibited to loosen and tighten the nuts with a large wrench, placing metal plates between the faces of the nut and the wrench, and it is prohibited to lengthen the wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe.

Files, screwdrivers, hacksaws must be firmly fixed in the handle with a ring. Do not use this tool without handles.

Pipe wrenches should be selected depending on the diameter of the pipes to be collected. The tongs should have a good notch to prevent sliding or rotation of the pipes or fittings. It is forbidden to lengthen the lever of the keys by putting a piece of pipe on the handle of the key to increase the forces at threaded connections.

Grinding wheels and emery wheels should be enclosed in metal covers and checked for rupture before installation. It is prohibited to work on the grinder without a handguard, safety glasses, protective screen, and also with the cover removed. The distance between the upper edge of the handcuff and the stone should not be more than 3 mm.

Before starting work with a power tool, a locksmith must check its serviceability, paying attention to the fact that there are no exposed wires, their breaks, the serviceability of the grounding and the switch. Do not hold the power tool by the wire or drill, and do not insert or remove the drill from the chuck while it is running. Switch off the power tool if there is a power outage during work or a break in work. The body of the power tool must be reliably grounded using plugs and plugs.

It is prohibited to work with electrified and power tools from ladders and sliding ladders.

Safety measures during installation. Bending, cutting, cutting, and other work on pipe processing should be performed at specially designated places. When bending pipes with heating and in a cold way, for long pipes, it is necessary to use support supports, and when cooling heated pipes with water, ladles with an extended handle. Pipes, pipe parts and workpieces are not allowed to lean against the wall. They must be laid horizontally.

Before descending into the well, the plumber must check for explosive and poisonous gases with a gas analyzer or using a safe miner's lamp. Poisonous gases found in the well must be removed by ventilation. To do this, you need to open two adjacent wells. To speed up the ventilation, use a portable fan. After ventilating the well, it is necessary to check the absence of gas with a gas analyzer again, and only after the second check can one go down into the well. You should work in the well in the presence of a draft or an operating fan.

Before descending into the well, the locksmith should put on a belt with straps and a rope firmly attached to the belt ring. The second worker must hold the end of the safety rope and maintain contact with the worker in the well. If necessary, he should immediately pull the worker out of the well and provide him with assistance.

Manhole covers are opened only with special hooks.

Boilers, tanks, pumps and other equipment should be drained down special ladders with the help of two winches under the supervision of a foreman or workmaker.

Winches for equipment installation should be only with a gear or worm gear; it is not allowed to use winches with a friction or belt drive. Hand winches should have safety handles, a double braking device consisting of a ratchet and band brakes, and must be secured with anchors.

After a major overhaul, every three subsequent years, preventive maintenance of plumbing systems should be carried out in accordance with the "Rules and Norms for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock" according to the list of Appendix No. 5 approved by the ICC on December 31, 1968 (1974 edition)

Perform work in accordance with SNiP III-28-75 "Rules for the production and acceptance of work".

In the period between preventive repairs, adjustment of systems should be carried out during the year in the following scope:

1. Change of gaskets at water-folding and water-shutoff valves.

2. Stuffing of glands at water-folding and water-shutoff valves.

3. Repair of the cistern with a change of the ball valve.

4. Disassembly, cleaning and assembly of valves.

5. Change of pear.

6. Change of float.

7. Cleaning the internal sewerage system.

8. Changing the cuffs in the toilet

9. Adjusting the cistern.

In order to prepare for the winter period, an autumn inspection of engineering equipment is carried out annually.

Elimination of accidents

In the event of an emergency that caused a malfunction of the engineering system and threatens material losses (flooding, flooding, etc.), immediately localize the source of the accident by disconnecting the emergency sections.

Shutdown of cold and hot water supply systems and their individual elements in case of an accident and repair:

1. Disconnection of intra-apartment wiring on the connection to the apartment.

2. Disconnecting the cold water supply riser with a shut-off valve at the base of the riser in the basement, and, if it is defective, by closing the valve on the branch to the node of the group of cold water supply risers in the basement.

3. Disconnection of the sectional unit or individual risers in the unit of the hot water supply system (see the diagram of the sectional unit).

and). The riser is disconnected by 2 valves; by overlapping valve "1" at the base of the riser in the basement and by valve "2" on the riser in the apartment on the upper floor.

b). In case of defectiveness of one of the valves or the absence of tenants in the apartment of the upper floor, it is necessary to turn off the entire sectional unit of the hot water supply system.

To do this, close the valve "3" on the branch to the group of risers in the basement and the second valve "5" at the base of the circulation riser.

in). Disconnection of the ventilation riser - with a valve at the base of the riser in the basement and valve "4" on the upper floor.

d). In case of a defect in the pipeline on the branch to the group of the sectional unit, the shutdown should be performed in the manner specified in paragraph 3b.

e). In case of blockage of individual elements of the internal sewer network: risers, highways in the basement, outlets, etc. to immediately shut down individual elements or the entire hot and cold water supply system to stop the flow of wastewater into the sewer network.

Figure: 26. An example of the implementation of the plan of the technical underground

Figure: 27. An example of a schematic diagram of a sectional unit of a hot water supply system

Electrical equipment

When developing this section, the following materials and documents were used:

Electrical installation rules - PUE-86.

Technical operation rules and safety precautions for electrical installations of consumers PTE and PTB-86.

SNiP 2.08.01-85, 1985 edition.

SNiP II-4-79, 1980 edition.

Instructions for the design of electrical equipment for residential buildings, CH-54482, 1982 edition.

Guidance materials of the State Inspectorate for Energy Supervision, 1977 edition.

Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock of the MZHKKH RSFSR, edition of 1974.

Regulations on the planned preventive maintenance of residential and public buildings. Gosstroy of the USSR, 1965 edition.

Electrical equipment of a residential building at st. Karpinsky, house 3, bldg. 1.

According to the technical specifications issued by the connection service of the ISS "Mosenergo" No. KS-45-17r, it is carried out from the transformer substation OTI 1313, located at:

st. Sadovaya, house 12, bldg. 1.

The voltage of the mains is 380/220 V. The neutral of the transformers in the transformer substation is grounded tightly.

In terms of the degree of ensuring the reliability of power supply, the building belongs to the 2nd category of electricity consumers, with the exception of fire-prevention devices at home and emergency lighting of escape routes during a fire, which belong to the 1st category.

The supply cables from the TS brand AAB, with a cross section of 3 ´ 120, are connected to the UBR - 8503 series water distribution device with mutually redundant cable entries from different sections of the N / N switchboard in the TS. "UVR-8503" is installed in a special switch room located on the 1st floor.

Electrical cabinets of the ШЛС type - 4 m in niches at a height of 1.2 m from the floor surface to the bottom of the cabinet - are installed on each floor.

Electricity metering devices (meters), protection devices for the apartment network and a common disconnecting device for all apartments served by the electrical cabinet, as well as a socket outlet with a grounding contact for connecting cleaning machines and power tools are installed in the electrical cabinet.

On the 1st floor, in a niche, a cabinet of the ShLS-200 type is installed, in which an automatic machine of the A3716 type is provided to protect the riser and turn it off during repairs.

Modern people are accustomed to the fact that each device and device requires careful treatment and compliance with certain rules of use. Meanwhile, in relation to plumbing, this seems superfluous to many. However, a long and trouble-free operation of bathtubs, toilets, washbasins and other plumbing equipment is possible only if certain conditions are met.

So, an enamel bath will last much longer if you observe the so-called thermal sparing. Simply put, it is advisable to avoid sudden temperature changes. When you are going to take a bath, it is better to start with warm water first, and only after warming up the walls, turn on hot water.

After use, the bathtub should be washed with any neutral detergent, preferably lukewarm water.To prevent the toilet from becoming a breeding ground for harmful bacteria and germs, it should be thoroughly washed every two to three days. In this case, it is advisable to use a specially designated brush and a special cleaning agent.

If the toilet has not been washed for a long time, it can be cleaned with a 5% hydrochloric acid solution and the same brush. Do not pour aggressive liquids - strong acids and alkalis - into the sink and toilet, otherwise they can easily damage the sewer pipes and the plumbing itself.

Qualified specialists of the Marshal company conduct a professional renovation of cottages on favorable terms. When renovating cottages, modern equipment is used, and only high-quality repair materials from leading companies are used.

A few tips for decorating a small bathroom
When planning the situation in the apartment, we want to make it beautiful, so that everything in it, down to the smallest accessory, harmoniously fits into the interior, but in this process all sorts of difficulties await us, associated with the size of the premises.

Choosing batteries for a bathroom and an apartment
Today, many consumers are eager to get rid of unattractive cast-iron radiators and replace them with something more perfect and aesthetic.

Bathroom design
The design of the bathrooms allows to embody interesting, original and bold solutions in a small room, to turn a banal bathroom into a place of rest and relaxation.

Putting together a shower
Shower cabins are prefabricated and monoblock. The former are assembled in parts, the latter are sold as a ready-made kit.

Bathroom decoration
In the bathroom, you can not only take water procedures, but also relax, and also be alone with yourself, so the design of the bathroom must be taken with full responsibility.

Bathtub and toilet, sink and sink, faucets in the bathroom and in the kitchen - things are familiar, and as if not noticeable to us, city dwellers, and have you ever tried to do without them for at least one day?
This is almost impossible, and you urgently need to contact professional plumbers to correct the situation. For example, to the specialists of the company "Aquarius", here is the site And in order for the plumbing equipment to serve you regularly and for a long time, you must follow some operating rules, which we will talk about in this article.

Operating rules

Such plumbing fixtures as a bathtub and a toilet require special attention, and we will talk about them first of all.

Bath operation

Today, there are a huge variety of bathtubs, of various shapes and sizes, and they can be made from a wide variety of materials.
The most popular bath materials are:

• Cast iron;
• Steel;
• Acrylic.

Cast iron bathroom care

If rust spots appear on the surface of the cast iron bath or mineral salts have deposited, you need to use special cleaning agents to clean the bath, and if none are available, you can use baking soda or lemon juice.
Never use abrasive cleaners or acids.

If there are pets at home that need to be washed regularly, for example, cats or dogs, especially large ones, put a mat on the bottom of the bath before washing them to avoid damaging the bath enamel with the animal's claws.

Also, do not pour dirty water into the bathtub after cleaning the floors. Dirt and dust particles can act as abrasive particles on the enamel and damage it.

Some people prefer to make a supply of water by pouring it into the bath at the time of the shutdown of the water supply, in the summer. My advice is to get a couple of canisters for this. Leaving the water in the bath for a long period is fraught with the appearance of plaque on the enamel, which will be difficult to remove.

Steel bathroom care

The rules for caring for a steel enameled bath do not differ from the rules for caring for a cast iron bath. It is also worth protecting the enamel from rough physical influences, impacts, exposure to sharp objects and abrasive cleaning agents.

Rust or corrosion will never appear on the acrylic bathtub, because acrylic is a polymer. However, an acrylic bathtub also requires care and maintenance.

To care for such a bathroom, it is enough to regularly wipe it with a sponge and soapy water and wipe it off. However, the quality of tap water in the centralized water supply system, unfortunately, is far from ideal, and no one is immune from the appearance of limescale. If a plaque has appeared, to remove it, use one of the special products that are now abundant in stores - "Triton", "Mister Chister", "Akrilan" and the like.

Toilet bowl care

Toilets should be washed before the dirt is very noticeable. Use a brush and specialty detergents for plumbing fixtures.
If the moment is missed, and strong, difficult-to-remove dirt appears on the toilet, you can use a solution of hydrochloric acid (5 percent). This is a last resort and should not be used continuously with toilet cleaning solution.

In the toilet, however, as in the sink and bath, strong solvents and caustic substances should not be poured. This may not damage the plumbing fixtures themselves, but siphons made of plastic can damage. Also, alkalis can damage PVC pipes and sewage systems.