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“The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. «Cambridge history of the ancient world About the translation of the name

11.10.2020

Plan:

1 About name translation
2 Project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"
3 Original (or "old") CAH
- 3.1 general information
- 3.2 Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version of CAH
- 3.3 Assessment of the "old" CAH
4 New version of CAH
- 4.1 Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II of CAH
- 4.2 Third edition of volumes I-II CAH
- 4.3 New edition of the rest of the CAH (Volumes III-XIV)
5 The composition of the current CAH
6 Russian translation CAH

Introduction

The Cambridge Ancient History. (Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Several volumes of the 2nd and 3rd edition).

"The Cambridge History of the Ancient World" (eng. , abbr .: CAH) - the largest English-language reference book on ancient history; published by Cambridge University Press. It is a comprehensive sum of modern knowledge about the main aspects of the historical development of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - before 324 A.D.).

Is one of the three main " Cambridge stories" (together with The cambridge modern history and The Cambridge Medieval History), representing the British version of "general history".

1. About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated (including in scientific works) as “ Cambridge antique history " (or " Cambridge ancient history"). This option is not entirely correct for two reasons: first, in its meaning, it should have meant the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you do a reverse translation of this name, you should get The Ancient History of Cambridge; secondly, the word “ Ancient»In the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Near East; however, the Russian word "antiquity" (like the adjective "antique") has a special meaning and is usually applied in relation to ancient Greece and ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the ancient East.

2. The project of "general" " Cambridge stories»

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The cambridge ancient history.

The project to create a comprehensive work, consistently telling the historical process from ancient times to the present, dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, region professor of modern history at Cambridge, developed a publication plan The cambridge modern history ("The Cambridge Modern History"). The idea was that each chapter should be written by a separate author, a specialist in the given topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was preserved so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and citations from sources had to be translated to english language... The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The publication plan for the Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes was published between 1911 and 1936. Bury also prepared a draft publication of the Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

These three large-scale series, by the very fact of their existence, finally consolidated the dominance of three-part periodization in the Western concept of historical time (Ancient World - Middle Ages - New (modern) history).

3. Original (or "old") CAH

3.1. general information

The original Cambridge History of the Ancient World was published between 1923 and 1939. 8 volumes were originally planned. However, by the third volume, this scheme was broken: what should have been volume III became volumes III and IV. As a result, 12 text volumes and 5 volumes with illustrations appeared.

J. Bury, the initiator of the project, was the editor of the first six volumes; S. Cook and F. Edcock worked on all twelve volumes; M. Charlesworth - over volumes from VII to XII, and N. Baines was among the editors of the last, XII volumes. Among all, Edcock played the most important role.

The authors of the first five volumes were predominantly British scholars, but with the sixth volume international involvement became more visible. This enterprise was by no means "Cambridge" in terms of the composition of its participants, but in terms of publishing, as well as according to the principles laid down in " The cambridge modern history". However, editors CAH some deviations were made from these rules. So, in the first volumes devoted to the East and Greece, the principle of strict editorial control over the uniformity and consistency of the text was not fully observed: in the preface to Volume I, the editors talk about "overlaps" in some topics "where there is so much ambiguity", and directly admit that authors may disagree with others.

3.2. Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original version of CAH (1923) were republished very quickly: already in 1924 their second edition appeared. The fact is that at this time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the oldest history region. Many chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

3.3. Assessment of the "old" CAH

Cover of Volume IV of the Cambridge History of the Ancient World, 1954.

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this publication, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed either for an ordinary reader, who could easily get confused in numerous unexplained details, or for serious researchers and teachers who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

Another shortcoming pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned fascination with political and military history inherent in the first edition. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other, ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs are written by different authors, the editor is entrusted with the task of uniting the fruits of this massive production into a single whole ”.

Nevertheless, many chapters of the "old" CAH still have not lost their scientific significance and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant fields of antiquity science. This, for example, fully applies to the chapters and sections of the chapters, which were written by M.I.Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI).

4. New option CAH

4.1. Revised (or "interim") edition of volumes I and II CAH

There was no point in correcting the old version, so a fundamentally new text was written. Most of the works now included in the bibliography were “new,” that is, published after 1923. There was no deliberate curtailment of the earlier bibliography. This circumstance clearly shows what an enormous work was done by historians of the ancient Near East in the period between the beginning of the 20s and the beginning of the 60s. XX century.

4.2. Third edition of I-II volumes CAH

Between 1970 and 1975 the separate issues of the revised edition of the first two volumes were brought together, revised and published in the third edition in the form of four half-volumes (volume I: part 1 and part 2; volume II: part 1 and part 2).

4.3. New edition of the rest CAH (volumes III-XIV)

After that, there was a pause, during which the structure was revised CAH... Release the rest CAH began in 1982. The whole series was completed in 2005. The material has been revised and expanded chronologically and thematically.

Due to the sharply increased research interest in late antiquity, the new edition ends not in 324 (the establishment of the autocracy of Constantine), but in 602 (the death of the emperor of Mauritius). Thus, CAH ceased to be chronologically aligned with the "Cambridge History of the Middle Ages" and grew from 12 volumes to 14, consisting of 19 books of about a thousand pages each (the first two volumes, as said, are divided into four half volumes, and the third volume consists of three parts).

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, government system, coin business, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Each chapter, like all the other Cambridge Stories, is written by a separate author. The team of authors is international. Interestingly, the number of authors from the University of Oxford outnumbers the number of authors from the University of Cambridge, which the reviewers from Oxford are not satisfied with.

Unlike "New Cambridge Modern History" and "New Cambridge Medieval History", CAH did not put before her official name definitions " New», « New».

5. The composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).
Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c. 1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c. 1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IV. Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 BC. 1988. (2nd ed.).
Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. Vi. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. Vii. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).
Vol. Vii. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69.1996 (2nd ed.).
Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.
Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

6. Russian translation CAH

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Vol. III, part 3.

The project for the publication of the Russian translation of "The Cambridge Ancient History" (volumes of the second and third editions) is carried out by the Moscow publishing house "Ladomir". So far, only one book has been translated from the entire large series:

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 3, Part 3: Expansion of the Greek World. VIII-VI centuries BC e. Ed. J. Boardman and N.-J.-L. Hammond. Per. from English, preparation of the text, foreword and notes by A. V. Zaykov. M .: Ladomir, 2007.653 p. ISBN 978-5-86218-467-9

Notes

According to Peter Rhodes; see his article: P. J. Rhodes: The Cambridge Ancient History - www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1999/rhodes.html
See "Preface" to Volume I of the 1924 edition, pp. VIII-IX (CAH. Vol. I. 2nd ed., 1924).
1 2 Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, No. 1 (1963), p. 116. - www.jstor.org/pss/597772
Collingwood R. J. The Idea of \u200b\u200bHistory. Autobiography. Moscow: Nauka, 1980.S. 142.
For CAH MI Rostovtsev wrote the following chapters: "Ptolemaic Egypt", "Syria and the East", "Pergamum", "Rhodes, Delos and the Hellenistic Trade", "Bosporan Kingdom", "Pontus and its Neighbors", "Sarmatians and the Parthians ". The work on the "Cambridge" chapters was connected with the plans of MI Rostovtsev to write his famous book "The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World." The Russian original of two chapters - "Ptolemaic Egypt" and "Syria and the East" were first published in the VDI journal (for 1999 and 2000), and then in a more complete version in the book: Parthian Shot. M., 2003. Pp. 318-387.

Literature

P.J. Rhodes, The cambridge ancient history, in: HISTOS (The Electronic Journal of Ancient Historiography at the University of Durham). Vol. 3 (1999). - www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1999/rhodes.html

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 06. Fourth century BC. Half half 1. (The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume VI) Scientific publication. Edited by D.-M. Lewis, J. Boardman, S. Hornblower, M. Ostwald. Translation, scientific editing, selection of additional illustrations, note "From the translator", notes, preparation of a revised and expanded "Index" A.V. Zaykov.
(Moscow: Scientific Publishing Center "Ladomir", 2017. - The Cambridge History of the Ancient World)
Scan, OCR, processing, Djv format: mor, 2017; Not published at the request of the publisher

SUMMARY:
From the translator (5).
Foreword (7).
Chapter 1. Sources and their general characteristics... S. Hornblower (10).
Chapter 2. Sparta as a winner. D-M. Lewis (40).
Chapter 3. Persia. S. Hornblower (66).
Chapter 4. The Corinthian War. R. Ster (128).
Chapter 5. Sicily. 413-368 biennium BC. D-M. Lewis (153).
Chapter 6. Royal world and the Second Athenian sea union. R. Ster (198).
Chapter 7. Thebes in the 360s BC J. Roy (234).
REGIONAL REVIEWS
I. Persian lands and neighboring countries
Chapter 8a. Asia Minor. S. Hornblower (259).
Chapter 8b. Mesopotamia. 482-330 BC BC. M.-U Stolper (288).
Chapter 8c. Judea. X. Tadmor (320).
Chapter 8d. Cyprus and Phenicia. F.-G. Mayer (358).
Chapter 8f. Egypt. 404-332 biennium BC. A-B. Lloyd (402).
Application. Chronology (423).
II. West and North
Chapter 9a. Carthage from the Battle of Hymer to the invasion of Agathocles. 480-308 biennium BC. J.-Ch. Picard (429).
Chapter 9b. Southern Italy in the IV century. BC. N. Purcell (451).
Chapter 9c. Celtic Europe. D.-U. Harding (478).
Chapter 9d. Illyrians and Northwest Greeks. N.-J.-A. Hammond (502).
Chapter 9f. Thracians and Scythians. Z.-G. Archibald (527).
Chapter 9f. Bosporan Kingdom. J. Hind (562).
Chapter 9g. Communication system in the Mediterranean L. Casson (604).

Publisher's abstract: The fourth century BC saw the great expansion of the Greek world. This volume of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World begins with the Spartan efforts to consolidate their leadership in mainland Hellas, and ends with the death of Alexander the Great after he conquered the Persian Empire and reached India. When covering political and economic issues, this volume covers, accordingly, a very wide geographical range, not limited to only Ancient Greece, but also exploring the countries of the Middle East and the Western Mediterranean. Persia, returning to the Greek scene in 413 BC, invariably remains an essential part of the story. A new series of reviews of non-Greek regions, both within the Persian Power and beyond, continues similar reviews of Volume IV of the KYDM. Such stories in the chapters on Sicily, Carthage and Italy serve as a reminder that events of paramount importance did not take place only in the Eastern Mediterranean.
The fourth century BC also saw the continuation of the development of classical Hellenic art and the transformation of Greek prose into an incredibly elastic medium of expression. The formation of great philosophical schools for a long time guaranteed Athens - at the time of their political decline - the role of a cultural center, and the ways of thinking developed here dominated Western civilization for two thousand years.
This edition, published in two half-volumes, completes the corpus of "Greek" volumes of the "Cambridge History of the Ancient World" (III. 3, IV, V, VI).

"The Cambridge History of the Ancient World" (English The Cambridge Ancient History, abbr .: CAH) - the largest English-language reference book on ancient history; published by Cambridge University Press.

It is a comprehensive sum of modern knowledge about the main aspects of the historical development of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - before 324 A.D.).

Is one of the three main " Cambridge stories" (together with The cambridge modern history and The Cambridge Medieval History), representing the British version of "general history".

The name is sometimes translated, including in scientific works, as “ Cambridge antique history" or " Cambridge ancient history". These options are not entirely correct for two reasons: first, in their meaning, they should have meant the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you do a reverse translation of these names, you should get The Ancient History of Cambridge; secondly, the word “ Ancient»In the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Near East; however, the Russian word "antiquity" (like the adjective "antique") has a special meaning and is usually applied in relation to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the Ancient East.

The project to create a comprehensive work, consistently telling about the historical process from antiquity to the present, dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, region professor of modern history at Cambridge, developed the publication plan The cambridge modern history ("The Cambridge Modern History"). The idea was that each chapter should be written by a separate author, a specialist in the given topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure the preservation of the internal unity of the publication, so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and citations from sources had to be translated into English. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The publication plan for the Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes was published between 1911 and 1936. Bury also prepared a draft publication of the Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

The authors of the first five volumes were predominantly British scholars, but with the sixth volume international involvement became more visible. This enterprise was by no means "Cambridge" in terms of the composition of its participants, but in terms of publishing, as well as according to the principles laid down in " The cambridge modern history". However, editors CAH some deviations were made from these rules. So, in the first volumes devoted to the East and Greece, the principle of strict editorial control over the uniformity and consistency of the text was not fully observed: in the preface to volume I, the editors talk about "overlaps" in some topics "where there is so much ambiguity", and directly admit that authors may disagree with each other.

The first two volumes of the original version of CAH (1923) were republished very quickly: already in 1924 their second edition appeared. The fact is that at this time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider old views on the ancient history of the region. Many chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this publication, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not intended either for an ordinary reader, who could easily get confused in numerous unexplained details, or for serious researchers and teachers who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

Another flaw pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned obsession with political and military history in the first edition. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other, ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs are written by different authors, the editor is entrusted with the task of uniting the fruits of this massive production into a single whole. "

Nevertheless, many chapters of the "old" CAH still have not lost their scientific significance and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant fields of antiquity science. This, for example, fully applies to the chapters and sections of the chapters written by M.I. Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI).

As mentioned above, the first two volumes, published in 1923 and republished in 1924, were outdated even before their publication. However, their revised edition ( Revised Edition) had to wait almost forty years. When the decision was finally made to publish it, another problem arose - the editors were unable to receive from all the authors participating in the project, the manuscripts at the same time. In 1958, there was even a danger that the publishing house would abandon the plan to prepare a new edition altogether. Only the decisive intervention of Sir Denis Page, a prominent antiquarian, Cambridge professor who then served as a syndic of the Cambridge University Press, saved the project (although Page's own scientific interests were very far from the subject of the first two volumes). The revised edition of the first two volumes was published from 1961 to 1971 as separate issues (fascicles; 71 in total).

There was no point in correcting the old version, so a fundamentally new text was written. Most of the works now included in the bibliography were “new,” that is, published after 1923. However, there was no deliberate cut in relation to the earlier bibliography. This circumstance clearly shows what an enormous amount of work was done by historians of the ancient Near East in the period between the early 1920s and early 1960s.

Between 1970 and 1975, the separate issues of the revised edition of the first two volumes were brought together, finalized and published in the 3rd edition in the form of four half-volumes (Volume I, Part 1: "Prolegomena (General Introduction) and the Prehistoric Era" and Part 2: "Early history of the Near and Middle East "; volume II, part 1:" Near and Middle East and the Aegean region. Circa 1800-1380 BC "and part 2:" Near and Middle East and the Aegean region. c. 1380-1000 BC ").

After that, there was a pause, during which the structure was revised CAH... Release the rest CAH started in 1982. The entire series was completed in 2005 (we are talking only about the main, textual volumes; the release of volumes with illustrations has not yet been completed). The material has been revised and expanded chronologically and thematically.

Due to the sharply increased research interest in late antiquity, the new edition ends not in 324 (the establishment of the autocracy of Constantine), but in 602 (with the death of the emperor of Mauritius). Thus, CAH ceased to be chronologically aligned with the "Cambridge History of the Middle Ages" and grew from 12 volumes to 14, consisting of 19 books of about a thousand pages each (the first two volumes, as said, are divided into four half volumes, and the third volume consists of three parts).

Unlike "New Cambridge Modern History" and "New Cambridge Medieval History", CAH did not put before her official name definitions " New», « New».

The text "Cambridge History of the Ancient World" is provided with a fairly large number of black and white drawings ( figures). In addition, as a supplement to the main volumes, separate volumes of illustrations were published ( Volumes of plates), most of which are photographs. The illustrations are accompanied by more or less detailed explanations and comments.

The project for the publication of the Russian translation of "The Cambridge Ancient History" (volumes of the second and third editions) is carried out by the Moscow publishing house "Ladomir". So far, the translation of the following volumes has appeared from the entire large series.

Is one of the three main " Cambridge stories" (together with The cambridge modern history and The Cambridge Medieval History), representing the British version of "general history".

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Subtitles

The study of the DNA sequence of the ancient people of America has renewed the debate about one of the largest migrations in human history, namely, the settlement of the Americas. In the period from about 28 to 11 thousand years ago, ancient people moved between North-Eastern Siberia and North America, along the now flooded area of \u200b\u200bland called Beringia. This name was first proposed in 1937 by the Swedish botanist and geographer Eric Hulten. However, it is very difficult, according to the data that scientists have at the moment, to judge the number of migrations that have occurred over such a long period. The complete genome isolated from the skull of one of the babies, which were discovered in 2013 in the Tanana River Basin, central Alaska, part of ancient Beringia and dated to 11.5 thousand years, indicates that a certain part of ancient people lived for thousands of years in the territory of Beringia, in while other groups of settlers conquered North and South America. A team of scientists from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and the University of Cambridge in Great Britain, led by geneticist Eske Villerslev, repeatedly sequenced the DNA to obtain a virtually complete copy of the genome. Then they compared it with the genome of modern American Indians and people throughout Eurasia and America, as well as with the DNA of other ancient remains. By studying genetic similarities and estimating how long it will take for key mutations to appear, scientists have compiled a family tree with approximate dates. As a result, it turned out that the found remains are not the direct ancestors of the Native Americans, although they are closely related to them. Most likely, both of them have common ancestors who came to the Americas earlier more than 25 thousand years ago. Which gives confirmation of the theory of the Beringian calm. According to which the first Americans lived for thousands of years in the Far North, and then went to North and South America (when the climate began to warm about 12-15 thousand years ago). The researchers also found that the ancient Beringian infant is equally associated with both northern and southern Native American genetic subgroups, implying that both subgroups come from the same wave of migration. And only in the interval between 17.5 and 14.5 thousand years ago, one general group was divided into subgroups significantly south of Beringia. Modern Indians belong to five main genetic groups (conventionally called A, B, C, D, and X). It is worth noting that even the babies found belong to different subgroups of mitochondrial DNA: C1b and B2. That is, their mothers were representatives of two different genetic subgroups. Using demographic modeling, the scientists concluded that the ancient Beringian population and the ancestors of other Native Americans descended from the same fundamental population that originally split from the East Asians about 36,000 years ago, with gene flow persisting between 36,000 and 25,000 years. back. After that, the gene flow from the ancient northern Eurasians to all Native Americans came about 25-20 thousand years ago. And the ancient Beringians belong to the time interval from 22 to 18 thousand years ago. It should also be borne in mind that migrations to North and South America occurred later, after the formation of the genotypes of Native Americans. So, after 11.5 thousand years, some of the northern populations of Native Americans received a flow of genes from Siberian populations most closely related to the Koryaks - the inhabitants of modern Kamchatka, but not with the Paleo-Eskimos, Inuit or Kets. And in the end, the genotypes of the ancient inhabitants of Beringia were replaced or absorbed due to the return migration from the south. And in later times, with the emergence of vehicles by sea, there were other infusions into the genotypes of North and South Americans. However, the already established populations of both Americas consumed or dissolved the genes of the small newcomers. I also consider it necessary to recall that the theory of the first migration to America from Australia and Oceania was refuted back in 2015 after DNA analyzes of Indian tribes with the most pronounced Australoid features in the structure of the skull. Why did one group of ancient migrants stay and prosper in Beringia while another set out to explore America? It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to this question, because different people were pushed to travel by different thoughts. There were people who were content with what they had. But there were others who looked into the distance and wanted to know what was beyond the horizon. And as soon as they entered North America, they were so carried away by what they saw that in just a few thousand years they conquered South America. Cultural or genetic research bias may explain this speed.

About name translation

The name is sometimes translated, including in scientific works, as “ Cambridge antique history" or " Cambridge ancient history". These options are not entirely correct for two reasons: first, in their meaning, they should have meant the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you do a reverse translation of these names, you should get The Ancient History of Cambridge; secondly, the word “ Ancient»In the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Near East; however, the Russian word “antiquity” (like the adjective “antique”) has a special meaning and is usually applied in relation to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the Ancient East.

Project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"

The project to create a comprehensive work, consistently telling about the historical process from antiquity to the present, dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, region professor of modern history at Cambridge, developed the publication plan The cambridge modern history ("The Cambridge Modern History"). The idea was that each chapter should be written by a separate author, a specialist in the given topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure the preservation of the internal unity of the publication, so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and citations from sources had to be translated into English. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The publication plan for the Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also prepared a draft publication of the Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

Original (or "old") CAH

general information

The authors of the first five volumes were predominantly British scholars, but with the sixth volume international involvement became more visible. This enterprise was by no means "Cambridge" in terms of the composition of its participants, but in terms of publishing, as well as according to the principles laid down in " The cambridge modern history". However, editors CAH some deviations were made from these rules. So, in the first volumes devoted to the East and Greece, the principle of strict editorial control over the uniformity and consistency of the text was not fully observed: in the preface to volume I, the editors talk about "overlaps" in some topics "where there is so much ambiguity", and directly admit that authors may disagree with each other.

Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original version of CAH (1923) were republished very quickly: already in 1924 their second edition appeared. The fact is that at this time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the ancient history of the region. Many chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Assessment of the "old" CAH

Another shortcoming pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned fascination with political and military history inherent in the first edition. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs, are written by different authors, while the editor is entrusted with the task of uniting the fruits of this massive production into a single whole ”.

New variant CAH

Revised (or "interim") edition of volumes I and II CAH

As mentioned above, the first two volumes, published in 1923 and republished in 1924, were outdated even before their publication. However, their revised edition ( Revised Edition) had to wait almost forty years. When the decision was finally made to release it, another problem arose - the editors were unable to receive from all the authors participating in the project, the manuscripts at the same time. In 1958, there was even a danger that the publishing house would abandon the plan to prepare a new edition altogether. Only the decisive intervention of Sir Denis Page, a prominent antiquarian, Cambridge professor who then served as a syndic of the Cambridge University Press, saved the project (although Page's own scientific interests were very far from the subject of the first two volumes). The revised edition of the first two volumes was published from 1961 to 1971 as separate issues (fascicles; 71 in total).

There was no point in correcting the old version, so a fundamentally new text was written. Most of the works now included in the bibliography were “new,” that is, published after 1923. However, there was no deliberate cut in relation to the earlier bibliography. This circumstance clearly shows what an enormous amount of work was done by historians of the ancient Near East in the period between the early 1920s and early 1960s.

Third edition of I-II volumes CAH

New edition of the rest CAH (volumes III-XIV)

After that, there was a pause, during which the structure was revised CAH... Release the rest CAH started in 1982. The whole series was completed in 2005 (we are talking only about the main, textual volumes; the release of volumes with illustrations has not been completed yet). The material has been revised and expanded chronologically and thematically.

Unlike "New Cambridge Modern History" and "New Cambridge Medieval History", CAH did not put before her official name definitions " New», « New».

Illustrations for individual volumes

The text "The Cambridge History of the Ancient World" is provided with a fairly large number of black and white drawings ( figures). In addition, as a supplement to the main volumes, separate volumes of illustrations were published ( Volumes of plates), most of which are photographs. The illustrations are accompanied by more or less detailed explanations and comments.

The composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).
Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c. 1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c. 1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: Expansion of the Greek World. VIII-VI centuries BC e.

Vol. IV. Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 BC. 1988. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean approx. 525-479 biennium BC e.

Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: Fifth century BC.

Vol. Vi. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: 4th century BC

Vol. Vii. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).
Vol. Vii. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).

Title in the Russian edition: The rise of Rome from founding to 220 BC e.

Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69.1996 (2nd ed.).
Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.
Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

VOLUMES OF PLATES (NEW EDITION)

Available in formats: EPUB | PDF | FB2

Pages: 1112

The year of publishing: 2011

Language: Russian

The book "Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean. Around 525-479 BC." is a translation of the fourth volume of the famous second edition of The Cambridge Ancient History. The period covered by this volume was a time of such events and such historical changes that were of enormous importance for the Mediterranean world. The first part of the book examines the early history of the Medes and Persians, the emergence and strengthening of the Persian state, the main regions that made up it, as well as the history of its expansion during the reigns of Cyrus, Darius and Xerxes - right up to the moment when this great empire has reached the limits of its growth. The second part is devoted to the history of Hellas, where during the period under review, Sparta became the leader of the military-political coalition of Greek city-states, and Athens went from enlightened tyranny to moderate democracy with its entrepreneurial activity and political foresight. The clash between the Persian Empire, which had almost reached the natural limits of its expansion, and the alliance of freedom-loving and booming Greek city-states was inevitable. The most important chapters of this book describe the reasons and course of the revolt of the Ionian Greeks against Persian rule, as well as the history of two Persian invasions of Hellas, including three epic battles - Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis. The third part of the volume is directed towards the western Mediterranean, while the presentation goes beyond the chronological framework indicated in the title of the book. Italy is gradually becoming a very important factor in the history of this region, therefore, the Italic peoples and their languages \u200b\u200bin the period from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age, as well as the Etruscans and their culture are considered here. The final chapter is devoted to Sicily: the local tribes that inhabited the island since ancient times, the social, economic and cultural development of the main Greek colonies, the emergence and strengthening of tyrannical regimes, as well as the first clash between the Greeks and the Punyans, which ended with the Battle of Gimera, in which the Greek city-states under the leadership of Gelon Syracuse and Feron of Akragant, they managed to repel the Carthaginian attack.

Reviews

Larisa, Ryazan, 06.09.2017
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