Whether the case is determined for proper names. Declination of proper nouns

Declination of nouns

? Describe the main features of the declension system in modern Russian.

Exercise 8. Make suggestions for schemes. Determine the case at the place of the questions.

1. (2 slots. I. p. Singular) ordered to speak at 8 (2 slots., R. p., Pl.) (2 sc.

2. My (1 warehouse, I.p.) lived in (1 warehouse, P.p.), until her (2 warehouse, I.p.) went to work at (1 warehouse, V.p. ., singular).

3. (2 sc., I. p.) Took the yellow one (2 sc.,? P) and carried it to (2 sc.,? P., Singular).

4. According to (1 warehouse, D.p.) in (own., 1 warehouse, V.p.) we met (3 spaces, I.p.).

5. (3 sc., I. p.) (3 sc., D. p.) (1 sc., I. p.).

Declination of some names and surnames

lean	do not incline
Slavic names on-O PeterO - at Petera LevkO - to Levkat	Slavic surnames ending in -o or -e PaulCraft SergeyJam
Foreign consonant names(digressions for double French names: Zha's bookn -Jacquesa Russo) Jules novelsI am Vernea
Russian and foreign language surnames ending in a consonant sound
if they belong to men Cooley studentTo - student Kulikat Andrey MilletR - Andrey Millerat	if they belong to women Cooley studentTo - student CooleyTo Anna MilletR - Anne MilletR Exceptions: do not incline male surnames ending in a consonant sound, consonant with the names of animals or inanimate objects: Pavel BorSCH - Pavel BorSCH
	Ukrainian surnames na -ko, (-enko) Sergey KharchYenko - Sergey HarchYenko
	surnames on -go, -yago, -th, -th, -ow Anatoly Dolgtheir - to Anatoly Dutytheir
foreign surnames on unstable -a, -i sonnets Petrarchand poems by Jan NerudNS	foreign surnames vowel sound(except for non-loadable -a, -ya) opera verdeand Zol's novelsI am"
Slavic surnames in shock -а, -я Writer Mayboroda At the actor Kvasha	Slavic surnames on unstressed -a, -i To Lydia Soloha At Natalia Zaruba
Russian double surnames
the first part, if it itself is used as a surname Lebedv -Kumah - poems by Lebedeva -Kumacha	the first part, if it does not in itself form a surname Kan -Kalik - Ka textbookn -Kalika

Non-Russian surnames relating to two or more persons

singular	plural
if the last name has two female names Tamara and Irina MilletR	if the last name has two male names Anatoly and Igor MillerNS
if the surname is accompanied male and female names Tamara and Igor MilletR Franklin and Eleanor RoosevelT
if the surname is accompanied two common nouns indicating gender Lord and Lady RheineR Mr and Mrs RoosevelT	husband and wife, brother and sister husband and wife RainerNS brother and sister RooseveltNS
at words spouses, brothers, sisters, a family spouses Schlegeeh the Gris brothersmm Ryoge sistersR Ko familyxx

Exercise 9. Read the sentences using the correct form of proper names.

Jules' novels ... Verne ... are popular all over the world. 2. The theater staged a new play Jean ... -Paul ... Sartre .... 3. Tales of Hans ... Christian ... Andersen ... are loved by children all over the world. 4. The views of philosophers turned to August ... Schlegel .... 5. The artist performed the wonderful sonnets Petrarch…. 6. We have read the book of Heinrich and Thomas Mann…. 7. Spouses Miller…. We visited an art gallery. 8. These tales were written by the brothers Grimm…. 9. Emma and Victor Reger ... went to travel in the Mediterranean.

Exercise 10. Compose the text using first and last names of foreign language origin. Pay attention to the correct choice of the ending when declining these proper names.

Genitive endings singular masculine nouns -а (-я), -у (-у))

The ending -y, -yu is preserved mainly in the following cases

-and I)	-y (-y)
nouns with real value
without specifying the quantity tea production if the noun is definition a glass of strong tea	when indicating the quantity, i.e. to indicate part of a whole a glass of tea
	nouns containing diminutive suffix drink some tea
single collective nouns
	when indicating the quantity a lot of people ( Wed history of the people)
In some phraseological phrases
	a week without a year, no save, give a blunder
when shifting stress to a preposition
	from the forest, from the light
in the presence of negation with the predicate
	no wear, no rest
semantic difference of forms
no forest (no forest) walk home (to a certain house)	no forest (no building material) walk home (walk home)

Exercise 11. Insert endings instead of dots and motivate your choice.

a) Sugar production ... has doubled compared to last year. He put sugar in a teaspoon ... Pass me the sugar, please ...

b) They brought excellent grapes to the market ... The hostess put a bunch of grapes on the dish ...

c) During the night, snow piled up ... Oh, snow ... just now!

Exercise 12. Compose the dialogue using masculine real nouns, varying the setting of the case ending according to the context.

Genitive endings plural

the ending	zero ending
masculine nouns with a non-derivative stem to a solid consonant (except for sibilants)
BUT:socks, golfs, boots, aiguillettes	names of items usually used in pairs: (pair) felt boots, boots, stockings
names of some nationalities (based on nand R)
BUT:Bedouins, Berbers, Negroes, Kyrgyz, Mongols, Yakuts. OPTIONS:Buryats - Buryats, Turkmens - Turkmens, Uighurs - Uighurs, Avars - Avars.	most nouns: (live among) Englishmen, Armenians, Bashkirs, Bulgarians, Buryats, Georgians, Turks, Gypsies, etc.
nouns calling people by their place of residence on - anin / -janin
	townspeople, villagers, southerners
with nouns, naming cubs with the suffix -onok / -young
	cubs, kittens, chickens
names of military groups, combat arms
BUT:miners, sappers OPTIONS:hussar - hussars, dragoons - dragoons, midshipmen - midshipmen, lancers - lancers	(detachment) partisans, soldiers
unit names
BUT:liters, meters, newtons, pendants,joules, hectares OPTIONS:grams - grams, kilograms - kilograms, microns - microns	most are null-terminated: (quantity) ampere, watt, volt, hertz, x-ray
the names of some fruits and vegetables
oranges, tangerines, tomatoes, tomatoes	permissible in oral speech
nouns in -ko
wheel - wheels, shoulder - hanger, point - glasses	BUT:army - troops, apple - apples, apple - apples
some nouns are feminine
shares, pins, penalties, handfuls, candles, aunts	waffles, domain, stoker, roofs, shafts, rozog, weddings, gossip, nannies, sheets, herons
forms of some neuter nouns
OPTIONS:knees– knees	shoulders, tentacles, towels, saucers
some nouns used only in the plural
rake, clips, manger, everyday life	darkness, dusk

Exercise 13. Expand the parentheses by placing the nouns in the correct case form.

1. The mysterious Christmas time has come (twilight). 2. Growing (tomatoes) is a time consuming process. 3. The stoker Vasily had a whole set (poker), which he easily controlled in his kingdom of fire. 3. In the evening, Anna brought home a whole net (tangerines), and the house smelled of New Year. 4. From (the nursery) cheerful children's laughter echoed. 5. In our university you can meet students (Buryats, Armenians, Georgians, Turkmens). 6. The store presented a varied assortment (shoes). 7. Buy me a pair (stockings) and two pairs (socks).

Formation of accusative forms

! Animated nouns denote objects with the original meaning " Living being", Inanimate -" inanimate creature. "

However, the grammatical concept of animate / inanimate does not always coincide with the distinction between living / nonliving in science:

Thus, in the Russian language, words that denote inanimate objects can be classified as animate, and words denoting living objects can be classified as inanimate (see table).

Inanimate nouns include (V.p. = I.p.)	Animated nouns include (V.p. = R.p.)
names of plants, trees, mushrooms, etc.	names of mythical creatures: Neptune, Mars, spirit, brownie, etc.
names of some microorganisms : bacteria, bacilli, microbes, embryos, larvae, embryos	names of gambling terms: jack, ace, queen, etc.
names denoting the totality of living things: people, crowd, flock, swarm, squad	doll names: parsley, puppet, doll, cheburashka, etc.
noun: dead body	names of deceased people: dead man, deceased, drowned man
	names used in a metaphorical or metonymic sense: Of thisstump not convincing - In the clearing I saw an oldstump
	names of living things used to name inanimate objects:

Note: Animated nouns have variability in the form of V.p. combined with numerals2, 3, 4 :

- if thisprime number , then V.p. = R.p. (catch four fish)

- if thiscompound numeral , then V.p. = I.p. (catch twenty four fish).

Exercise 14. Select the required case form. Give reasons for your answer.

1. The guys played in (Cossack robbers - Cossack robbers). 2. In winter, the squirrel will pull (boletus - boletus) from the hollow and eat it. 3. In early spring, it is necessary to destroy (larvae - larvae) harmful insects. 4. Weather conditions did not allow observing (Mars - Mars) today. 5. The girl begged her mother to buy her (all these dolls - all these dolls). 6. The girl put on (all these dolls - all these dolls). 7. We tried to find (addressee - addressee) letters. 8. Sergei opened (jack - jack - jack), and at that moment I saw (trump cards - trump cards) of the opponent. 9.In Ancient Rome believed in (Mars - Mars). 10. I was amazed the first time I had to go to the morgue: there I saw (corpses - corpses), many corpses. 11. It was interesting to look at (these creatures - these creatures). 12. Tourists ate with great pleasure (Far Eastern crabs - Far Eastern crabs). 13. Hippodrome acquired (four fine racehorses - four excellent racehorses). 14. The jury awarded diplomas (thirty-two participants - thirty-two participants) of the competition.

Exercise 15. The distinction between the category of animate / inanimate in the Russian language developed only by the 17th century. The period of its nondiscrimination is fixed in some well-established expressions:

go to the people, go to the pilots, enroll in students.

How would these phrases sound if they corresponded to the norms of the modern Russian language?

The endings of the nominative plural of masculine nouns -ы (-и) - -а (-я)

Exercise 16. Form plural from the following words. What is their feature?

Determine the meaning of the received words and make phrases with them.

Image, tone, belt, sable, bread, counting, husband, son, camp, tooth, root, order, corps.

Control questions

What do grammar rules govern?

What are the basic principles for determining gender in non-declining nouns of foreign language origin?

What are the declension rules for foreign names and surnames?

What are the plural variants of nouns?

What difficulties can arise when using case forms of nouns?

3.1.2 Forms of adjectives

Using short and full forms of adjectives

When choosing complete or brief the forms of adjectives must take into account the differences between them.

Grammatical nature brief adjectives determines their exceptional expressiveness in comparison with full adjectives, since short forms called not permanent, passive feature, a variable, changing, evolving in time.

Compare:Happy clock is not observed(A. Griboyedov).

I AMhappy the fact that at times gloomy thoughts I breathed with him and lived(WITH. Yesenin).

! In ancient times brief adjectives could be common definitions rather than part of a compound nominal predicate... In "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" we read: " Cerna the ground under the hooves has been sown with bones. " In this function, short adjectives were preserved in frozen phraseological expressions around the world, on bare foot, as well as in the works of oral folk art, for example, in riddles, proverbs, sayings, epics.

Exercise 1. Find in the "Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language" expressionsin the middle of the day , from small to large, boron cheese on fire ... Explain what they mean and when they should be used.

Determine what is the semantic and stylistic role of short adjectives used in these sentences?

1. You are rich, I am very poor ... You are blush, like poppies, // I am like death, and skinny and pale (A. Pushkin)... 2.How his gaze was quick and gentle, bashful and insolent, and sometimes shone with an obedient tear (A. Pushkin)... 3. How good the sky seemed, how blue, calm and deep (L. Tolstoy)... 4. You are gray, and I, friend, gray, and I know your wolf's nature for a long time (I. Krylov)... 5. Shvabrin was very clever. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. (A. Pushkin)... 6. Werner was small and thin and weak as a child (M. Lermontov)... 7. Half the next day she (Bela) was quiet, silent and obedient (M. Lermontov).

Exercise 2. Explain the choice of full or short adjectives in the sentences below. Is it possible in them to synonymously replace the short form with the full one and vice versa?

1. You can't even say a simple pun without anger. You wicked man (A. Chekhov). 2. From the tent, // surrounded by a crowd of favorites, // Peter comes out. // His eyes are shining. // His face is terrible. // Movements are fast. // He's beautiful, // He's all like God's storm (A. Pushkin). 3. Dick, sad, silent, // Like a forest doe, fearful, // She is in her own family // Seemed like a stranger girl ( A. Pushkin)... 4. Quiet Ukrainian night. // The sky is transparent. // Stars shine (A. Pushkin). 5. He was blind, completely blind from birth (M. Lermontov). 6. "Beauty is terrible" - you will be told (A. Blok). 7. He has a wonderful life (A. Chekhov). 8. ... I am offended that my mother, always so strict and beautiful, is now so ugly and funny (M. Gorky).

Exercise 3. Form short forms from the following adjectives. Indicate possible options.

Immoral, painful, insensitive, identical, courageous, artificial, malignant, mysterious, natural, powerful, unique, kindred, slow, outspoken, frivolous, ineffective, irreproachable.

The spelling and use of a wide variety of names and surnames, as a rule, have Russian forms of declension, that is, they change in numbers and cases. For example: talk to Pierre Richard, bear the name of Patrice Lumumba, interview Juliet Mazina.

However, it often happens that the names of people have individual characteristics of use, and non-Russian ones retain the laws of the functioning of the source language: they have a peculiar stress and pronunciation, do not bend or change not completely. All this leads to various options for their use. Compare: IvanO v and Yvesa new; HbNS tone and NewtO n; Leibniz[l'e] , but Descartes[de]; Batyrshina and Batrshina... These examples show that many people's names are subject to the principle of tradition. This means that the name, surname and patronymic may have their own, single features of writing and sound design. Over time, the features acquire the typical morphological features noted below.

1) Foreign names ending in a consonant sound are also declined in combination with a surname and a separate use: observations by Paul Bragg, fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen, activities of Albert Schweitzer; John's tape, Antoine's letter, to Irving, to negotiate with Claude.

With double foreign names written with a hyphen, the first name is not declined: philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, evening in memory of Jean-Richard Blok.

In Russian double surnames, the first part is declined if it itself is used as a surname, for example: poems by Lebedev-Kumach, according to the recollections of Sokolov-Mikitov. If the first part does not form a surname on its own, then it is not declined, for example: In the role of Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, sculpture by Demut-Malinovsky.

2) Feminine patronymics are declined according to the type of declension of nouns, not adjectives, for example: from Anna Pavlovna, Anna Pavlovna, about Anna Pavlovna. Compare case forms of nouns princess, priest.

3) Slavic surnames (Shostak, Grudey, Vovk) and surnames of Western European origin ending in a consonant sound (Hartman, Thorndike, Fuentes, Roy) are inclined if they refer to men, and not if they refer to women. For example: student Muffle - student Muffel; from Karl Segers - from Anna Segers. Non-declination of male surnames is considered a misnomer.

4) When declining surnames ending in –In it is necessary to be able to distinguish between borrowed and non-borrowed character. The difficulty lies in the fact that the Russians proper (Pushkin, Sytin, Stupin), as well as Russian surnames of foreign language origin (Fonvizin, Karamzin), have in the instrumental singular the form with the ending –Th. For example: Pushkin, Karamzin. Borrowed male surnames Chaplin, Darwin, Kelvin end in the same position –Om: Chaplin, Kelvin, and female surnames are not inclined . In addition, there is another variety within this group of surnames. Surnames Berlin, Sterlin, Zeitlin, Kasvin in the masculine gender are inclined according to the Russian paradigm (that is, Berlin, Sterlin, Kasvin in the instrumental case), and in the feminine gender they do not declare. The criteria for distinguishing between the two groups have not yet been formed; this is a living process in modern Russian.

5) The declension of Russian and foreign surnames ending in -Ok, -ek, -ets: Semenets, Gritsevets, Mazurok, Cherginets, Molidets. The fact is that common nouns with suffixes -Ok, -ek, -ets usually declined with a vowel loss: a lock is a lock, a pocket is a pocket, a cage is a cage, a horse is a ridge, a lucky one is a lucky one. Following this logic, the forms of indirect cases of surnames should take the form Sements, Molidtsa, Gritsevtsa, Umanets. For surnames, such an inflectional type is not suitable due to the fact that it is difficult to "restore" the initial form of these names if we are dealing with a text in which only the forms of indirect cases will be presented. Indeed, with equal probability, the initial form Molidtsa, Charentsa may be Molidts - Molidets, Charents - Charents For an easy inflection of surnames, the law of absolute deducibility of the initial form from its indirect cases must operate. Here, by the way, it will be useful to cite as an argument the fact of the functioning of a group of nouns that are declined without the loss of a vowel: a drag is a drag, a prophet is a prophet, a man is a man, a woodcutter is a woodcutter. Thus, the recommendation of the literary norm is legitimate, firstly, to always declare such surnames, and secondly, the ability to decline them with or without a vowel dropout. Compare: work with Yuri Mazurok ( from Mazurok), but to appoint Alexander Pochinok ( from Pochinok).

6) Surnames of Ukrainian origin on -O, -ko (-enko) do not incline: Yevtushenko's work, Makogonenko's research, remembering Shevchenko, visiting Vasily Kiriyenko, Elena Gobyato's description, Pavel Nechitailo's report. The question may arise due to the fact that in fiction XIX century such surnames are declined: nobleman killed by Kukubenok(Gogol), Belikov trudged to the Kovalenki(Chekhov). This fact is evidence of the development of the Russian language, the formation of a literary norm. In modern Russian, the declined forms of surnames in - O qualify as colloquial options.

7) Female and male surnames are not inclined to -Th (-yago), -th (-th), -ovo: Zhivago, Dubyago, Red, Dolgikh, Lame, Savinykh, Vysokykh, Durnovo, Khitrovo.

8) Surnames that coincide with common nouns are not typical for the Russian family system. They are all of borrowed origin. The majority came to Russian from Ukrainian, as well as from Czech and Polish languages: Nightingale, Beetle, Fisherman, Chizhik, Tooth, Hare, Falcon, Frost, Haiduk, Krakovyak, Sandpiper, Koval, Lynx, Sable, Swan, Oak, Thrush, Sheep, Pepper, German, Wolf, Muchnik, Painter. The same type includes surnames that coincide in form with personal names and geographical names: Paul, Rhine, Frankfurt, Berlin, Hermann, Nathan, Carmen. The bearers of such surnames and those who come across them have a desire to distinguish between proper and common nouns, so many are inclined not to change them in cases. Non-declination of the surnames in question is allowed both by the proofreaders and by their bearers themselves, who consider this fact as a family tradition. Rare surnames formed from neuter nouns like Lard, Sieve, Tolokno due to possible dissonance, as well as in accordance with the Russian grammatical norm of non-declination of surnames ending in -O, -e (Luchko, Durnovo, Shapiro, Netto, Viardot). With regard to other surnames, such refusal is allowed. When using them, one should distinguish between:

a) surnames that coincide in form with feminine nouns ending in a soft consonant: Dal, Salt, Moth, Lynx. Masculine surnames are declined as masculine nouns: Vladimir Dahl, Dahl, with Dahl; and female surnames are not inclined: met Inna Dal;

b) surnames with a suffix -Ok, -ek, -ets, -el, can be inflected without dropping a vowel in the suffix: Pepper - Peretz, Franz - Franz;

c) surnames ending in a consonant like Wolf they are inclined to designate men, they do not to designate women: met Ivan Petrovich Volk, but met Anna Volk.

9) Slavic surnames on -Ski, -y, are formed according to the declension pattern of adjectives in – sky, -tsky, th, th In russian language. For example: Yablonski - Yablonsky; Submissive to the Submissive; Leszczynska - Leszczynska.

10) Non-Slavic surnames ending in a vowel sound (except for unstressed -and I) do not incline. For example: Bizet's opera, Hugo's works, Cousteau's travels, Shaw's play, meeting with Abashidze.

11) Last names ending in -and I, are a large and heterogeneous group of nouns that function according to different rules:

a) from surnames to struck -and I only Slavic declines. Compare: from the writer Pyotr Mayboroda, to the philosopher Ivan Skovoroda; performance by Beatrice Shuba, but Zola's novel;

b) non-Russian surnames to unstressed -and I mostly lean: poems by Pablo Neruda, Campanella's utopianism, Avicenna's treatise, the character of Torquemada, Goya's paintings, Buddha's eyes, the energy of Brahma; invite Edita Pieha, ask Gina Lollobrigida;

c) Georgian surnames are used inconsistently: well-known surnames of Georgians living in the Russian environment are inclined: at Horava, Zakhave, poetry by Okudzhava. Most of the surnames that do not have an active circulation in the Russian language do not incline when used: Shengelaya, Kantaria, Barkalaya, Topuria;

d) Japanese, Finnish, Icelandic surnames ending in unstressed -a, entered into Russian speech at a later time, are used in a non-declining version: Tanaka, Katayama, Mishima, Ishikawa, Kubayama, Hara. Actively used names are used in the declined version: Irina Khakamada's program, Akira Kurosawa's film;

e) rare surnames and phrases such as Zabeyvorota, Namniboka, Protriboka do not incline: ask Nikita Zabeyvorot, but visit Nagnibeda, Podoprigora.

In relation to the described extensive and varied group of surnames ending in -a not striking, we can say that those of them who have a long practice of walking in the language are inclined in accordance with the laws of Russian grammar, and the rare surnames and surnames that have recently come into use remain an unshakable option due to their indigestion by the language system and the desire of speakers to highlight them as an element alien to the language.

12) In compound names and surnames of Eastern and African descent Do Hak Chin, Hak Phadeth, Le Van Toan, Fawzi Ibrahim Abdel Sadiq, Suad Saleh Medhi Al-Abeidi it is very difficult to recognize the first and last name, the original form and the ending. Usually the last part is inclined if it ends in a consonant sound, since in the Russian tradition the last element is identified with a surname, for example: statement by Abdul Basir Khaled, testament of Ho Chi Minh, conversation with U Ku Ling. Indiscriminate variants are also possible, since in the Russian inflectional system such surnames are obvious exotisms (elements alien to the language).

As a recommendation for the normative use of names and surnames, the following can be advised: in the case when the sound and graphic form of a proper name coincides in structure with Russian names and surnames (Ibrahim Abdel, Pierre Richard, Akira Kurosawa), its consecutive declination is possible, regardless of nationality; if a proper name is fundamentally different in form from Russian names, then it is used unchanged (Shirokikh, Shoigu, Jian Fu, Lauej Khoury).

The rules for declining a surname cannot depend on the desire or reluctance of the bearer of the surname.

Not inclined:

1. Women's surnames ending in a consonant sound and a soft sign (for Anna Zhuk, Maria Mitskevich's family, appoint Lyudmila Koval).

Anna bug

Lyudmila Koval

2. Female names ending in a consonant sound (Carmen, Gulchetai, Dolores, Helen, Suok, Edith, Elizabeth).

Carmen Ivanova

3. Foreign surnames ending in a vowel, excluding unstressed -a, -i (Hugo, Bizet, Rossini, Shaw, Nehru, Goethe, Bruno, Dumas, Zola).

4. Male and female names ending in a vowel sound, excluding -а, -я (Sergo, Nelly).

Nellie Maximova

Sergo Petina

5. Surnames na -a, -i with a preceding vowel -i (Heredia sonnets, Garcia's poems, Gulia's stories)

Peter Gulia

I do not Gulia

6. Russian surnames, which are frozen forms of the genitive singular with the endings: -ovo, -ago, -yago (Durnovo, Sukhovo, Zhivago, Shambinago, Debyago, Khitrovo) and the plural with the endings: -th, -th (Kruchenykh, Ostrovsky, Polish , Dolgikh, Sedykh). In colloquial speech, surnames on-them, -s can be inflected.

Sergey ZhivagoIrinaZhivago

Galina Polish Victor Polish

7. Ukrainian by origin surnames for shock and unstressed -ko (Golovko, Lyashko, Franko, Yanko, Shevchenko's anniversary, Makarenko's activity, Korolenko's works).

Olga Golovko

Alexandru Korolenko

8. The first part of a double surname, if it itself is not used as a surname (in the role of Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, research by Grun-Gryzhimailo, sculpture by Demut-Malinovsky).

Vyacheslav Draft- Dmukhanovsky.

Lean:

1. Male surnames and first names ending in a consonant and a soft sign. (Institute named after S.Ya. Zhuk, poems by Adam Mitskevich, to meet Igor Koval).

Igor Kovalyu

2. Female names ending in a soft sign. (Love, Judith).

Love Perovoy

3. As a rule, surnames are inclined to unstressed -а, -я (mainly Slavic, Romanesque and some others) (article by VM Birds, works of Jan Neruda, songs performed by Rosita Quintana, conversation with A. Vaida, poems Okudzhava). Variations are observed in the use of Georgian and Japanese surnames, where there are cases of inclination and non-inclination:

o play bunks. artist of the USSR Kharava; 100th anniversary of the birth of Sen-Katayama, films by Kurosawa;

o the work of A.S. Chikobava (and Chikobava); creativity of Pshavel; a minister in the Ikeda cabinet; Hatoyama's performance; films by Vittorio de Sica (not de Sica).

Paul Nerude

Olga Nerude

4. Slavic surnames on percussion -a, -ya (from the writer Maiboroda, with the philosopher Skovoroda, to the director Golovna).

Vladimir Golovne

Tatiana Frying pan

5. The first part of Russian double surnames, if it itself is used as a surname (poems by Lebedev-Kumach, staged by Nemirovich-Danchenko, exhibition by Sokolov-Skal)

A foreign name before a surname ending in a consonant is inclined (novels by Jules Verne, stories by Mark Twain). But, according to tradition: novels by Walter (and Walter) Scott, songs about Robin Hood.

6. When declining foreign surnames and first names, the forms of Russian declensions are used and the peculiarities of declension of words in the original language are not preserved. (Karel Czapek - Karela Czapek [not Karl Czapek]). Also Polish names (for Vladek, for Edek, for Janek [not: for Vladka, for Edka, for Janka]).

7. Polish female surnames in -a are inclined to the model of Russian surnames in -aya (Bandrovska Turska - touring by Bandrovska-Turska, Cherni-Stefanska - concerts by Cherni-Stefanska). At the same time, it is possible to design such surnames according to the model of Russians and in the nominative case (Opulskaya-Danetskaya, Modzelevskaya). The same is appropriate for Czech surnames in -a (Babitska - Babitskaya, Babitskaya).

8. Slavic male surnames in -и, -ы should be declined according to the model of Russian surnames in -ii, -y (Bobrovsky - Bobrovsky, Pokorny - Pokorny). At the same time, it is possible to design such surnames according to the model of Russians and in the nominative case (Bobrovsky, Pokorny, Ler-Splavinsky).

Features of declination on -а:

1. If there is a consonant before -а, then the endings of the cases will be: -а, -ы, -е, -у, -о, -е.

2. If -а is preceded by one of the letters (г, к, х) or a soft sibilant (ч, ш) or ж, then the end of the genus. will be - and.

3. If in front of -а there is a hissing (h, w, t, w) or w, then the end of tv.p. when the end of the word is stressed, it will be –th, and –th when the stress is at the beginning or middle of the word.

Adjective

Remember:

1. With the full form of an adjective used in the Nominative case as a compound predicate, as a rule, there cannot be controlled words, but with a short form, they can.
Wed: he has a sore throat- he has a sore throat.

2. Forms of words are not used better, worse etc., since the second word in itself already expresses the meaning of the comparative degree. Only qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison: difficult is more difficult, more difficult, most difficult, most difficult. You can't speak harder, more beautiful, or the most beautiful.

3. In the modern Russian literary language, the following forms of a comparative degree are used: faster, louder, more agile, sweeter, more biting.

4. The full and short forms of the adjective are not used as homogeneous members.

Wed: he is rich and smart- he is rich and smart.

Numeral

Remember:

1. Collective numerals two - ten are used only with noun, denoting males, with n. children, guys, people, faces in meaning human, with noun, used only in the plural. (two sleighs), with personal pronouns we, you, they (there were three of us). Collective numerals are not used with animate nouns for animals and females.

2.When declining compound cardinal numbers, all the words that make up their composition change (The school library has two thousand four hundred and eighty books); when declining compound ordinal numbers - only the last word.

3. The form both not used with noun feminine, since in Russian there is a form of wives. R. both.

4. Numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred have only two case forms: nominative - accusative and all the rest - one and a half and one and a half hundred. The numerals forty, ninety, one hundred also have only two case forms: the nominative - accusative case and all the rest - forty, ninety, one hundred. But in the composition of complex numerals, one hundred declines (-sta, -stami, -stakh).

Personal names of people are nouns. Of particular difficulty is the change in cases, that is, the declension of some names. Traditional Russian names are fully included in the grammatical system of the Russian language, borrowed names are included in the system to varying degrees, therefore, special attention should be paid to their change. Personal names of people are nouns. In the system of Russian grammar, nouns have grammatical gender, number and case; these characteristics should be taken into account when using. Of particular difficulty is the change in cases, that is, the declension of some names. Traditional Russian names are fully included in the grammatical system of the Russian language, borrowed names are included in the system to varying degrees, therefore, special attention should be paid to their change. Genus People's proper names are either masculine or feminine according to the gender of the named... This applies to both full and abbreviated and petting forms of names: Anna, Anya, Alexandra, Kira, Elena, Sania, Asel, Shushanik, Irene, Rosemary- wives. kind; Mikhail, Misha, Alexander, Peter, Igor, Yuri, Antonio, Hans, Harry, Michele - husband. kind; genus of type names Sasha, Valya, Zhenya, Tony, Michelle, Jackie, which can belong to both a man and a woman, is also determined by the gender of the wearer: our student Sasha Petrov- husband. genus, our student Sasha Petrova- wives. genus.; known to all Jackie Chan- husband. genus, known to all Jackie (from Jacqueline) Kennedy- wives. genus. Number For declined names, if it is necessary to name several persons with the same name, the plural form is used: Five Nikolaev and six Helen are studying on the course... Unwanted names do not have a special plural form: five Enrique and six Mary... Particular attention should be paid to the genitive plural form of some abbreviated declined names (recommendation by D.E. Rosenthal): Genus. pad. pl. h. ( not many whom?) male: Petya, Vasya, Vanya but: Rod. pad. pl. h. ( not many whom?) female: Ol, Gal, Val. Declination Names are declined (change in cases) and non-declined (for all cases they have the same form). The declination depends on the final element of the name. !!! note to name form: Daniel or Danila, Nikolay or Nikola, Emil or Emil, Maria or Marya, Karina or Karine, Alice or Alice, Pelageya or Pelagia- see the section "Name variations". Male names

1. Traditional Russian full male names end

• to a solid consonant (Ivan, Artyom);
• to a soft consonant (Igor), including the -y (Andrey, Arkady);
• sometimes on -a, -ya (Thomas, Savva, Ilya).

Declined in 1st and 2nd declension:

Case	on acc. (tv and soft)		to the vowel -a, -i
	2 declension		1 declension
Them. pad.	Alexey, Daniel	George	Ilya, Nikita, Danila
Genus. pad.	Alexey, Daniel	George	Ilya, Nikita, Danila
Dat. pad.	Alexey, Daniil	George	Ilya, Nikita, Danila
Vin. pad.	Alexey, Daniel	George	Ilya, Nikita, Danila
TV. pad.	Alexei, Daniel	George	Ilya, Nikita, Danila
NS. pad.	(v / v) Alex e, Daniel e	(o) Georgi and	(o / o) Il e, Nikita, Danila

!!! note... For nouns of the 2nd declension on Th in the prepositional case, the letter is written at the end AND: Valera ui- (about whom?) About Valerie and; Yur ui- (about whom?) About Yuri and; Arkad ui- (about whom?) About Arkadi and; Full ui- (about whom?) About Poloni and; and also change Anatol ui, Apollinar ui, Vikent ui, Gel ui, Gennad ui, Dmitr ui, Evgen ui, Leonte ui, Serg ui(not Sergey!), Yul ui, NS ui and etc. !!! note -and I in the dative and prepositional cases, the letter is written at the end AND: Il and I- (to whom?) Il ui, (about whom?) about Or and; Wed Ilya. Jerem and I- (about whom?) Jeremi and. Exception: Giya, Ziya and other disyllabic names in accordance with modern recommendations (see A. V. Superanskaya "Dictionary of Russian personal names", M., 2004) are declined in the indicated cases with e: G and I(Caucasian) - (who?) Guy and, (to whom?) Guy e, (who?) Guy NS, (by whom?) Guy her, (about whom?) about Guy e... However, in some manuals of earlier years of editions, in accordance with the "Code of Spelling Rules" 1956, § 40, you can find a recommendation to decline with and: (to whom?) Guy and, (about whom?) about Guy and.

1. If the final elements of new or borrowed names correspond to the specified characteristics (a consonant, one vowel -а / -я, a combination of -ea, -ia), then the names easily enter the Russian noun row and lean:

Vilya (abbreviation Vladimir Ilyich Lenin) - Vilya, Vilya, Vilya, Vilya, about Vilya; Radium (from the name of the chemical element) - Radium, Radium, Radium, Radium, about Radium; Abdullah (Turkic) - Abdullah, Abdullah, Abdullah, Abdullah, about Abdullah; Richard (European) - Richard, Richard, Richard, Richard, about Richard; Ferenc (European) - Ferenc, Ferenc, Ferenc, Ferenc eat, about Ferenc; Emil - Emil, Emil, Emil, Emil, about Emil; cf .: Emil - Emil, Emil, Emila, Emil, about Emil, also change Charles, Pierre, Peter, Claude, Jean, John, Edward, Theodore, Tigran, Tukay, Fazil, Ravil, Mirza, Musa, Menea and etc. Exception: Nichol I am (French name) - not inclined!

1. If male name ends with another element (vowel -o, -e, -y, -yu, -y, -i, -e, -e and combinations of two vowels, except -ea, -ia), then it not inclined: Earley, Anri, Nizami, Oli, Lee, Revo, Romeo, Otto, Pedro, Carlo, Leo, Antonio, Michele, Andre, Hugh, Roux, Keanu, Gregory, Givi, France ya and etc.

Exception: Slavic names in -o type Levko, Marko, Pavlo, Petro incline according to the pattern of the 2nd declension: Levk is ahead a , Mark has a , Pavel a (stressed vowel is underlined). But! Name Danko M. Gorky does not bow ("... she talked about Danko's burning heart"). Names that have parallel forms on -o / -a (Gavrilo - Gavrila, Mikhailo - Mikhaila), declined like feminine nouns: at Gavril NS, to Gavril e, with Gavril Oh ... Other endings ( at Gavril a, to Gavril at, with Gavril ohm) are formed from another original form - Gavril. Female names

1. Traditional Russian full female names end

• na -a, -ya (Valeria, Antonina, Olga, Natalia),
• to a soft consonant (Love).

Declined in 1st and 3rd declension:

Case	to the vowel -а, -я		on acc. (tv and soft)
	1 declension		3 declension
Them. pad.	Olga, Anela, Maya	Yuliya	Any O you
Genus. pad.	Olga, Aneli, Mayi	Julia	Any O in and
Dat. pad.	Olga e, Anel e, May e	Yuli and	Any O in and
Vin. pad.	Olga, Anel, Mayu	Julia	Any O you
TV. pad.	Olga, Aneli, Maya	Julia	Any O view
NS. pad.	(v / v) Olga e, Anel e, May e	(o) Julia and	(o) Any O in and
			When declining the name Love, a vowel O saved!

!!! note... For nouns of the 1st declension on -and I in the dative and prepositional cases, the letter is written at the end AND: Mar and I- (to whom?) Marie and, (about whom?) Marie and; Yul and I- (to whom?) Julia and, (about whom?) Julia and; L and I- (to whom?) Lee and, (about whom?) Lee and; And I- (to whom?) and and, (about whom?) and and; Gal and I- (to whom?) Gali and, (about whom?) Gali and; also Agn and I, Amal and I, Valera and I, Evgen and I, Kahler and I, Kostanz and I, Lil and I, Cecil and I, Emil and I and the like. !!! note... Variants of names with different type endings Maria - Marya, Natalia - Natalia, Anisia - Anisya, Taisia ​​- Taisya, Sofia - Sophia and similar ones have different endings in dates. and offer. cases: Pay attention!!! Discrepancies in the recommendations relate to eastern and other origins of names ending in a shock I am in combination - and I: Al and I, Alf and I, Zulf and I, Gur and I, San and I, Frame and I, Jean and I, Ac and I and others. Superanskaya A. V. in the "Dictionary of Russian personal names" (M., 2004) recommends declining them in the indicated cases with e: Al and I- (whom?) Ali e, (to whom?) Ali e, (whom?) Aliya, (by whom?) Aliya, (about whom?) About Ali e... The site gives the same recommendation. www. gramota. ru.

1. If new or borrowed names have leaf elements - a or -I am, then such names are easily included in the Russian nominal row and are declined:

Vladlena(abbreviation Vladimir Lenin) - Vladlena, Vladlena, Vladlena, Vladlena, about Vladlena; Ophelia(European) - Ophelia, Ophelia, Ophelia, Ophelia, about Ophelia; Jamila(Turkic) - Jamily, Jamila, Jamil, Jamil, about Jamila; Camilla - Camilla, Camilla, Camilla, Camilla, about Camille; and Noyabrina, Era, Revmira, Anita, Delia, Deniza, Juliet, Magda, Elzhbeta, Yadviga, Leila, Zhanima, Karina, Sabina, Madina, Aisha, Gulmira and etc.

1. If female name ends in another vowel (not -а / -я), then it is not declined: Betsy, Ellie, Angie, Mary, Sue, Maro, Rosemary, Alsou and etc.

1. Female names on solid consonants are only non-declining (on the same principle as surnames of this kind): Suok, Solveig, Gretchen, Irene, Helen, Alice, Annette, Jane, Katrin, Esther, Ainush, Bibigush, Akmaral, Rusudan, Shushanik, Altyn, Gulnaz and etc.

1. The most difficult question is the declension of female names ending in a soft consonant: Rakhil, Sulamith, Ninel, Assol, Aigul, Zhanargul, Syumbel, Michelle, Nicole, Elle, Isabel, etc.

Reference book recommendations for such names vary. 3rd declension steadily lean: Love, Adele, Rachelle and names of biblical origin Hagar, Rachel, Ruth, Shulamith, Esther, Judith. According to tradition, the name of the heroine of the ballet Adana "Giselle" also declines in the 3rd declension: part Giselle... Other names of this type - Lucille, Cecile, Nicole, Michelle, Mirel, Asel, Aygul, Ainagul, Bibigul, Gazelle, Guzel, Zhanargul(borrowings from different languages), Ninel(the neoformation of the Soviet era, read the other way round by Lenin), Assol, Luchiel(invented names) - hesitate between 3rd declension and non-declination (Cecily and at Cecile, with Ninel and with Ninel). Decline paradigm: Apparently, the final decision on declension / non-declination of such names should be left to the bearer of the name. However, the practice of office work shows that in official business speech, these names are usually not inclined. This tendency is supported by the declension rule for foreign surnames ending in a consonant: male surnames are declined, female surnames are not. Therefore, in cases where male and female names coincide, they are correlated in terms of declension as male and female surnames: Michelle, Michelle(male name) - bows down, Michelle(female name) – will not bow down. More details can be seen:

1. Russian language reference service www.gramota.ru (Recommendation: the choice is yours)
2. Kalakutskaya L.P. Declination of surnames and personal names in the Russian literary language. - M .: Nauka, 1984. (Recommendation: do not incline).
3. Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of Russian personal names. - M., 2004. (Recommendation: to decline)

Male and female compound names Each part (name) is declined or not declined in accordance with the recommendations for these names separately. Fairy tales By Hans Christian Andersen, book by Pierre-Henri Simon. Partial deviations are observed with double French names: philosophical views of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, evening in memory of Jean-Richard Blok. Features of the declension of some combinations of first and last names In the Russian language, a tradition has developed to use the surnames of a number of foreign figures (mainly writers) in combination with the names: Walter Scott, Jules Verne, Mine Reed, Conan Doyle, Brad Garth, Oscar Wilde, Romain Rolland; as well as the names and surnames of literary characters: Robin Hood, Sherlock Holmes, Nat Pinkerton. The consequence of such a close unity of the name and surname is the declension in the indirect cases of only the surname: Walter Scott, Jules Verne, with Mine Reed, about Robin Hood etc. This phenomenon, which is characteristic of casual spoken language, is reflected in writing as well. But! Right: booksWalter Scott, Jules Verne, Maine Reed, Conan Doyle, Brad Garth, Oscar Wilde, Romain Rolland; as well as literary characters: about Robin Hood, about Sherlock Holmes, about Nat Pinkerton. Based on materials from the book “On the declension of names and surnames: a dictionary-reference book. Ser. "For a word in your pocket." Issue 3 / Ed. E.A. Glotova, N.N. Shcherbakova. - Omsk, 2011

Names and titles

How to declare place names?

In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names combined with a generic word

Geographical name used with generic names city, countryside, village, farm, river and others, acting in the function of the application, is consistent with the word being defined, that is, it is inclined if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a name borrowed and mastered for a long time.

Right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kiev; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, under the Mikhailovsky farm;near the Volga river, the valley of the Sukhoi stream.

Both parts are declined in the name Moskva River: Moskva Rivers, on the Moskva River etc. In colloquial speech, there are cases of unwillingness of the first part: behind the Moskva River, on the Moskva River and so on. But such use does not correspond to the strict literary norm.

Place names combined with a generic word are usually not inflected in the following cases:

when the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form. numbers: in the city of Velikie Luki, in the city of Mytishchi;

when the gender of the generalizing common noun and the toponym do not coincide: on the Yenisei river, by the Khoper river, in the Parfyonok village(however, this remark does not apply to combinations with the word town, so it is correct: in the city of Tula, from the city of Moscow; about the advisability of using the word itself here town see below).

In addition, neuter toponyms ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, in the town of Vidnoe(this name is not declined, because with declination it will be difficult to restore the original form: in the city of Vidnoye - this is city ​​Vidny or town Vidnoe?).

In the "Dictionary of Geographical Names" A. V. Superanskaya (M., 2013) indicates that toponyms are usually not declined in combination with the following geographical terms: swamp, bay, mountains, state, valley, bay, outpost, land kishlak, key, well, kingdom, town, field, cape, region, lake, district, island, pass, plateau, plateau, dam, area, peninsula, settlement, province, strait, trade, district(as an administrative-territorial unit), village, station, tract, ridge, state. The exceptions are cases when the name is expressed by an adjective: on Lake Ritsa, but: on Lake Onega, in the Bay of Kotor, but: in Sydney Bay.

In the city of Stary Oskol or in the city of Stary Oskol? Compound names combined with a generic word

Should we inflect compound names of cities and other settlements in combination with a generic word? The reference books answer this question in different ways. Everywhere it is indicated that such names are not declined if their external form corresponds to the plural form: in the city of Velikie Luki, from the city of Mineralnye Vody(see above). And if it corresponds to the singular form? Stary Oskol, Vyshny Volochek, Nizhny Novgorod, Kryvyi Rih...

In the "Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing" by D. E. Rosenthal, in the manual by Yu. A. Belchikov "Practical stylistics of the modern Russian language", as well as in the "Dictionary of Geographical Names" by A. V. Superanskaya it is indicated that such names are not inclined combined with a generic word: in the city of Stary Krym, from the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the city of Stary Oskol, above the city of Lodeinoe Pole. At the same time, the "Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language" by L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich, L. P. Katlinskaya indicates that in toponyms expressed by combinations of words, parts of the name should be inclined: in the city of Vyshny Volochyok, however, in colloquial and professional speech, a non-declining version spread and took root: near the town of Vyshny Volochek, in the settlement of Dolgiy Most.

In Moscow or in the city of Moscow?

In the "Reference book of the publisher and author" A. E. Milchin, L. K. Cheltsova indicated that "the reduction G.(city), like the full word, is recommended to be used limitedly, mainly before the names of cities formed from surnames ( Kirov)».

Thus, it is commonly used: in Moscow... Variants in Moscow, in the city of Moscow should be characterized as specifically clerical (that is, used mainly in official business speech). Variants in Moscow, in Moscow do not correspond to the literary norm.

In Peredelkino or Peredelkino?

Place names of Slavic origin ending in -vo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not inflect in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, to the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo... If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, declined and non-declined: in Lublin and in Lyublino, towards Strogin and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashin and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitin and to Mitino, 8th microdistrict Mitin and 8th microdistrict Mitino. At the same time, the declined version corresponds to a strict literary norm. The dictionary of L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich, L. P. Katlinskaya "The grammatical correctness of Russian speech" indicates: "In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the TV screen, in the radio speech), these forms should be declined."

More about titles on -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno see in the heading "Alphabet Truths".

Pushkin or Pushkin?

Geographic names on -ow (-ev), -ow (-evo), -in, -ino (-ono) have an ending in the instrumental case oh, for example: Lvov - Lvov, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukovo, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsyno - Golitsyn.

Unlike city names, Russian surnames in -in (-un) and on -ow (-ev) have in the instrumental singular the ending -th, cf .: Pushkin(surname) - Pushkin and Pushkin(town) - Pushkin; Alexandrov(surname) - Alexandrov and Alexandrov(town) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirsky or in Kamen-Kashirsky?

If a compound toponym is a Russian or a long-mastered name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamen-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don.

All toponyms in which the first part of the name has a morphological sign of the neuter genus are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Dulevo, to Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

How to inflect foreign-language place names?

Names ending in -a

many borrowed place names, mastered by the Russian language, are inclined according to the type of noun. wives kind of on -a, for example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara;

French toponyms ending in -a in the source language: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura etc. However, the names to which the ending was added in Russian -a, are inclined: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne(cf .: Toulouse, Genève, Lausanne);

Japanese place names ending in -a unstressed: Osaka - to Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima;

Estonian and Finnish names are not inclined: from Jyväskylä, to Saaremaa;

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms, ending in unstressed -a... However, many of these names are inclined: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - to Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex place names do not incline to - a unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: in Bahia Blanca, in Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, to Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena, from Santiago de Compostela;

complex Slavic names are inclined, which are nouns in the presence of derivational signs of adjectives, for example: Biala Podlaska - from Biala Podlaska, Banska Bystrica - to Banska Bystrica.

Names ending in -O and -e

Such names are not inclined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilno, Kovno.

Names ending in -NS

Place names on -NS: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary.

Usually names do not incline to -and: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.

Names ending in a consonant

Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in the function of the application: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Ziadin, near the city of Manston... (The exception is the names that have long been borrowed and mastered by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.)

If such names are not used in the function of the application, they tend to be inclined: in the city of Mantasas, but 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the city of Manston, but near Manston.

Latin American names deviate from this group by - os: to Fuentos.

Complex type names are not inclined Pere Lachaise, Main Mill, Puerto Montt.

Compound names are not inclined with the second part -street, -square, -park, -palace: Alvin Street, Union Square, Friedrich Stadt Palace Hall, Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or Frankfurt am Main?

The first part of compound foreign-language toponyms, as a rule, is not declined: in Almaty, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola... An exception is the first part in the construction "toponyms on the river": in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford-upon-Avon.

If any foreign language compound name is used in an application function with common nouns like city, shtetl, capital, port and so on, it is also left in the second part in an unchanged form: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital La Paz(the exception is the names long borrowed, mastered in the Russian language: in New York City).

QUESTION "REFERENCE BUREAU"

How to deal with the combination Municipal Formation Urban District Usinsk?

I have a question of the following nature. Our municipality is officially called Municipal formation of the urban district "Usinsk"... However, I have doubts about the correct use of the phrase in this case urban district in the genitive case. In my opinion, according to the rules of the Russian language, the correct name should be used in the nominative case: Municipal formation urban district "Usinsk".

There is also a question about the placement of quotation marks: they must come before and after the word Usinsk or the expression must be quoted Usinsk Urban District?

Russian language help desk response

Combinations municipality and urban district must be consistent in the case (in other words, used in the same case), since urban district in terms of syntax, this is an application. Wed: oriole bird.

As for quotes and other signs. The following design options are possible here:

municipality - Usinsk city district;

Municipal formation "Urban Okrug Usinsk".

Moreover, when using quotes, the part of the name enclosed in them will not be declined: Administration of the Municipal Formation "Urban District of Usinsk".

Sources:

Ageenko F.L. Dictionary of proper names of the Russian language. M., 2010.

Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language. 3rd ed., Erased. M., 2008.

Milchin A.E., Cheltsova L.K. M., 2003.

Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. M., 2003.

Russian grammar / Ch. ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. In 2 volumes. M., 1980.

Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of geographical names. M., 2013.